ABAP-FAQ
Data
Dictionary:
1. What
are the layers of data description in R/3?
• The external layer.
• The ABAP/4 layer.
• The database layer.
• The external layer.
• The ABAP/4 layer.
• The database layer.
2. Define external layer?
The external layer is the plane at which the user sees and interacts with the data, that is, the data format in the user interface. This data format is independent of the database system used.
The external layer is the plane at which the user sees and interacts with the data, that is, the data format in the user interface. This data format is independent of the database system used.
3. Define ABAP/4 layer?
The ABAP/4 layer describes the data formats used by the ABAP/4 processor.
The ABAP/4 layer describes the data formats used by the ABAP/4 processor.
4. Define Database layer?
The database layer describes the data formats used in the database.
The database layer describes the data formats used in the database.
5. What is a Data Class?
The Data class determines in which table space the table is stored when it is created in the database.
The Data class determines in which table space the table is stored when it is created in the database.
6. What is a Size Category?
The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database.
The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database.
7. How many types of size
categories and data classes are there?
There are five size categories (0-4) and 11 data classes only three of which are appropriate for application tables:
• APPL0- Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated).
• APPL1- Transaction data (data that is changed frequently).
• APPL2- Organizational data (customizing data that is entered when system is configured and then rarely changed).
The other two types are:
• USR
• USR1 - Intended for customer's own developments.
There are five size categories (0-4) and 11 data classes only three of which are appropriate for application tables:
• APPL0- Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated).
• APPL1- Transaction data (data that is changed frequently).
• APPL2- Organizational data (customizing data that is entered when system is configured and then rarely changed).
The other two types are:
• USR
• USR1 - Intended for customer's own developments.
8. What are control tables?
The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specific values via control tables.
The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specific values via control tables.
9. What is the function of the
transport system and workbench organizer?
The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to manage any changes made to objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport these changes between different SAP systems.
The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to manage any changes made to objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport these changes between different SAP systems.
10. What is a table pool?
A table pool (or pool) is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. The definition of a pool consists of at least two key fields and a long argument field (VARDATA).
A table pool (or pool) is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. The definition of a pool consists of at least two key fields and a long argument field (VARDATA).
11. What are pooled tables?
These are logical tables, which must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Pooled tables can be used to store control data (such as screen sequences or program parameters).
These are logical tables, which must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Pooled tables can be used to store control data (such as screen sequences or program parameters).
12. What is a table cluster?
A table cluster combines several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logical rows from different cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record. The records from the cluster tables assigned to a cluster are thus stored in a single common table in the database.
A table cluster combines several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logical rows from different cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record. The records from the cluster tables assigned to a cluster are thus stored in a single common table in the database.
13. How can we access the
correction and transport system?
Each time you create a new object or change an existing object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, you branch automatically to the Workbench Organizer or correction and transport system.
Each time you create a new object or change an existing object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, you branch automatically to the Workbench Organizer or correction and transport system.
14. Which objects are independent
transport objects?
Domains, Data elements, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes for transparent tables, Structures, Views, Matchcode objects, Matchcode Ids, Lock objects.
Domains, Data elements, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes for transparent tables, Structures, Views, Matchcode objects, Matchcode Ids, Lock objects.
15. How is conversion of data
types done between ABAP/4 & DB layer?
Conversion between ABAP/4 data types and the database layer is done within the database interface.
Conversion between ABAP/4 data types and the database layer is done within the database interface.
16. How is conversion of data
types done between ABAP/4 & external level?
Conversion between the external layer and the ABAP/4 layer is done in the SAP dialog manager DYNP.
Conversion between the external layer and the ABAP/4 layer is done in the SAP dialog manager DYNP.
17. What are the Data types of
the external layer?
ACCP, Char, CLNT, CUKY, CURR, DATS, DESC, FLTP, INT1, INT2, INT4, LANG, LCHR, LRAW, NUMC, PREC, QUAN, RAW, TIMS, UNIT,VARC.
ACCP, Char, CLNT, CUKY, CURR, DATS, DESC, FLTP, INT1, INT2, INT4, LANG, LCHR, LRAW, NUMC, PREC, QUAN, RAW, TIMS, UNIT,VARC.
18. What are the Data types of
the ABAP/4 layer?
Possible ABAP/4 data types:
C: Character.
D: Date, format YYYYMMDD.
F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (8 bytes).
I: Integer.
N: Numerical character string of arbitrary length.
P: Amount of counter field (packed; implementation depends on h/w platform).
S: Time Stamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
V: Character string of variable length, length is given in the first two bytes.
X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage.
Possible ABAP/4 data types:
C: Character.
D: Date, format YYYYMMDD.
F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (8 bytes).
I: Integer.
N: Numerical character string of arbitrary length.
P: Amount of counter field (packed; implementation depends on h/w platform).
S: Time Stamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
V: Character string of variable length, length is given in the first two bytes.
X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage.
19. How can we set the table
spaces and extent sizes?
You can specify the extent sizes and the table space (physical storage area in the database) in which a transparent table is to be stored by setting the size category and data class.
You can specify the extent sizes and the table space (physical storage area in the database) in which a transparent table is to be stored by setting the size category and data class.
20. What is the function of the
correction system?
The correction system manages changes to internal system components. Such as objects of the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
The correction system manages changes to internal system components. Such as objects of the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
21. What are local objects?
Local objects (Dev class$TMP) are independent of correction and transport system.
Local objects (Dev class$TMP) are independent of correction and transport system.
22. What is a Development class?
Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development class. This enables you to correct and transport related objects as a unit.
Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development class. This enables you to correct and transport related objects as a unit.
23. What is a data dictionary?
Data Dictionary is a central source of data in a data management system. Its main function is to support the creation and management of data definitions. It has details about
• What data is contained?
• What are the attributes of the data?
• What is the relationship existing between the various data elements?
Data Dictionary is a central source of data in a data management system. Its main function is to support the creation and management of data definitions. It has details about
• What data is contained?
• What are the attributes of the data?
• What is the relationship existing between the various data elements?
24. What functions does a data
dictionary perform?
In a data management system, the principal functions performed by the data dictionary are
• Management of data definitions.
• Provision of information for evaluation.
• Support for s/w development.
• Support form documentation.
• Ensuring that the data definitions are flexible and up-to-date.
In a data management system, the principal functions performed by the data dictionary are
• Management of data definitions.
• Provision of information for evaluation.
• Support for s/w development.
• Support form documentation.
• Ensuring that the data definitions are flexible and up-to-date.
25. What are the features of
ABAP/4 Dictionary?
The most important features are:
• Integrated to aABAP/4 Development Workbench.
• Active in the runtime environment.
The most important features are:
• Integrated to aABAP/4 Development Workbench.
• Active in the runtime environment.
26. What are the uses of the
information in the Data dictionary?
The following information is directly taken from the Data dictionary:
• Information on fields displayed with F1 help.
• Possible entries for fields displayed with F4 help.
• Matchcode and help views search utilities.
The following information is directly taken from the Data dictionary:
• Information on fields displayed with F1 help.
• Possible entries for fields displayed with F4 help.
• Matchcode and help views search utilities.
27. What are the basic objects of
the data dictionary?
• Tables
• Domains
• Data elements
• Structures
• Foreign Keys
• Tables
• Domains
• Data elements
• Structures
• Foreign Keys
28. What are the aggregate
objects in the data dictionary?
• Views
• Match codes
• Lock objects.
• Views
• Match codes
• Lock objects.
29. In the ABAP/4 Dictionary
Tables can be defined independent of the underlying database (T/F).
True.
True.
30. ABAP/4 Dictionary contains
the Logical definition of the table.
31. A field containing currency amounts (data type CURR) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference field. Explain.
As a reference table, a system containing all the valid currencies is assigned or any other table, which contains a field with the currency key format. This field is called as reference field. The assignment of the field containing currency amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the currency of the amount.
31. A field containing currency amounts (data type CURR) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference field. Explain.
As a reference table, a system containing all the valid currencies is assigned or any other table, which contains a field with the currency key format. This field is called as reference field. The assignment of the field containing currency amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the currency of the amount.
32. A field containing quantity
amounts (data type QUAN) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference
field. Explain?
As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid quantity units is assigned or any other table, which contains a field with the format or quantity units (data type UNIT). This field is called as reference field.
The assignment of the field containing quantity amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the quantity unit of the amount.
As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid quantity units is assigned or any other table, which contains a field with the format or quantity units (data type UNIT). This field is called as reference field.
The assignment of the field containing quantity amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the quantity unit of the amount.
33. What is the significance of
Technical settings (specified while creating a table in the data dictionary)?
By specifying technical settings
we can control how database tables are created in the database. The technical
settings allows us to
• Optimize storage space requirements.
• Table access behavior.
• Buffering required.
• Changes to entries logged.
• Optimize storage space requirements.
• Table access behavior.
• Buffering required.
• Changes to entries logged.
34. What is a Table attribute?
The table's attributes determine who is responsible for maintaining a table and which types of access are allowed for the table. The most important table attributes are:
• Delivery class.
• Table maintenance allowed.
• Activation type.
The table's attributes determine who is responsible for maintaining a table and which types of access are allowed for the table. The most important table attributes are:
• Delivery class.
• Table maintenance allowed.
• Activation type.
35. What is the significance of
Delivery Class?
• The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible for table maintenance.
• Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.
• Determines the table type.
• Determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it is transported, and when a client copy is performed.
• The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible for table maintenance.
• Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.
• Determines the table type.
• Determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it is transported, and when a client copy is performed.
36. What is the max. no. Of
structures that can be included in a table or structure.
Nine.
Nine.
37. What are two methods of
modifying SAP standard tables?
• Append Structures and
• Customizing Includes.
• Append Structures and
• Customizing Includes.
38. What is the difference
between a Substructure and an Append Structure?
• In case of a substructure, the reference originates in the table itself, in the form of a statement include....
• In case of an append structure, the table itself remains unchanged and the reference originates in the append structure.
• In case of a substructure, the reference originates in the table itself, in the form of a statement include....
• In case of an append structure, the table itself remains unchanged and the reference originates in the append structure.
39. To how many tables can an
append structure be assigned.
One.
One.
40. If a table that is to be
extended contains a long field, we cannot use append structures why?
Long fields in a table must always be located in the end, as the last field of the table. If a table has an append structure the append line must also be on the last field of the table.
Long fields in a table must always be located in the end, as the last field of the table. If a table has an append structure the append line must also be on the last field of the table.
41. Can we include customizing
include or an append structure with Pooled or Cluster tables?
No.
42. What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain?
• By specifying fixed values.
• By stipulating a value table.
No.
42. What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain?
• By specifying fixed values.
• By stipulating a value table.
43. Structures can contain data
only during the runtime of a program (T/F)
True.
True.
44. What are the aggregate
objects in the Dictionary?
• Views
• Match Code.
• Lock Object.
• Views
• Match Code.
• Lock Object.
45. What are base tables of an
aggregate object?
The tables making up an aggregate object (primary and secondary) are called aggregate object.
The tables making up an aggregate object (primary and secondary) are called aggregate object.
46. The data of a view is not
physically stored, but derived from one or more tables (t/f)
True.
True.
47. What are the 2 other types of
Views, which are not allowed in Release 3.0?
• Structure Views.
• Entity Views.
• Structure Views.
• Entity Views.
48. What is a Match Code?
Match code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match Codes are an efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.
Match code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match Codes are an efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.
49. What are the two levels in
defining a Match Code?
• Match Code Object.
• Match CodeId.
• Match Code Object.
• Match CodeId.
*50. What is the max no of match code Id's that can be
defined for one Match code object?*
A match code Id is a one character ID that can be a letter or a number.
A match code Id is a one character ID that can be a letter or a number.
*51. Can we define our own Match Code ID's for SAP
Matchcodes?*
Yes, the number 0 to 9 are reserved for us to create our own Match Code Ids for a SAP defined Matchcode object.
Yes, the number 0 to 9 are reserved for us to create our own Match Code Ids for a SAP defined Matchcode object.
52. What is an Update type with
reference to a Match code ID?
If the data in one of the base tables of a matchcode ID changes, the matchcode data has to be updated. The update type stipulates when the matchcode is to be updated and how it is to be done. The update type also specifies which method is to be used for Building matchcodes. You must specify the update type when you define a matchcode ID.
If the data in one of the base tables of a matchcode ID changes, the matchcode data has to be updated. The update type stipulates when the matchcode is to be updated and how it is to be done. The update type also specifies which method is to be used for Building matchcodes. You must specify the update type when you define a matchcode ID.
53. Can matchcode object contain
Ids with different update types?
Yes.
Yes.
54. What are the update types
possible?
The following update types are possible:
• Update type A: The matchcode data is updated asynchronously to database changes.
• Update type S: The matchcode data is updated synchronously to database changes.
• Update type P: The matchcode data is updated by the application program.
• Update type I: Access to the matchcode data is managed using a database view.
• Update type L: Access to the matchcode is achieved by calling a function module.
The following update types are possible:
• Update type A: The matchcode data is updated asynchronously to database changes.
• Update type S: The matchcode data is updated synchronously to database changes.
• Update type P: The matchcode data is updated by the application program.
• Update type I: Access to the matchcode data is managed using a database view.
• Update type L: Access to the matchcode is achieved by calling a function module.
55. What are the two different
ways of building a match code object?
A match code can be built in two different ways:
• Logical structure: The matchcode data is set up temporarily at the moment when the match code is accessed. (Update type I, k).
• Physical Structure: The match code data is physically stored in a separate table in the database. (Update type A, S, P).
A match code can be built in two different ways:
• Logical structure: The matchcode data is set up temporarily at the moment when the match code is accessed. (Update type I, k).
• Physical Structure: The match code data is physically stored in a separate table in the database. (Update type A, S, P).
56. What are the differences
between a Database index and a match code?
• Match code can contain fields from several tables whereas an index can contain fields from only one table.
• Match code objects can be built on transparent tables and pooled and cluster tables.
• Match code can contain fields from several tables whereas an index can contain fields from only one table.
• Match code objects can be built on transparent tables and pooled and cluster tables.
57. What is the function of a
Domain?
• A domain describes the technical settings of a table field.
• A domain defines a value range, which sets the permissible data values for the fields, which refers to this domain.
• A single domain can be used as basis for any number of fields that are identical in structure.
• A domain describes the technical settings of a table field.
• A domain defines a value range, which sets the permissible data values for the fields, which refers to this domain.
• A single domain can be used as basis for any number of fields that are identical in structure.
58. Can you delete a domain,
which is being used by data elements?
No.
59. What are conversion routines?
• Non-standard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-versa are implemented with so called conversion routines.
No.
59. What are conversion routines?
• Non-standard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-versa are implemented with so called conversion routines.
60. What is the function of a
data element?
A data element describes the role played by a domain in a technical context. A data element contains semantic information.
61. Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed?
Yes. We can do so by just overwriting the entry in the field domain.
A data element describes the role played by a domain in a technical context. A data element contains semantic information.
61. Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed?
Yes. We can do so by just overwriting the entry in the field domain.
62. Can you delete data element,
which is being used by table fields.
No.
No.
63. Can you define a field
without a data element?
Yes. If you want to specify no data element and therefore no domain for a field, you can enter data type and field length and a short text directly in the table maintenance.
Yes. If you want to specify no data element and therefore no domain for a field, you can enter data type and field length and a short text directly in the table maintenance.
64. What are null values?
If the value of a field in a table is undefined or unknown, it is called a null value.
If the value of a field in a table is undefined or unknown, it is called a null value.
65. What is the difference
between a structure and a table?
Structures are constructed the almost the same way as tables, the only difference using that no database table is generated from them.
Structures are constructed the almost the same way as tables, the only difference using that no database table is generated from them.
66. What is a view?
A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e., the data from a view is not actually physically stored instead being derived from one or more tables.
A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e., the data from a view is not actually physically stored instead being derived from one or more tables.
67. How many types of Views are
there?
• Database View
• Help View
• Projection View
• Maintenance View
• Database View
• Help View
• Projection View
• Maintenance View
68. What is Locking?
When two users simultaneously attempt to access the same data record, this is synchronized by a lock mechanism.
When two users simultaneously attempt to access the same data record, this is synchronized by a lock mechanism.
69. What is database utility?
Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system.
Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system.
70. What are the basic functions
of Database utility?
The basic functions of database utility are:
• Create database objects.
• Delete database objects.
• Adjust database objects to changed ABAP/4 dictionary definition.
The basic functions of database utility are:
• Create database objects.
• Delete database objects.
• Adjust database objects to changed ABAP/4 dictionary definition.
71. What is Repository Info.
Systems?
It is a tool with which you can make data stored in the ABAP/4 Dictionary available.
It is a tool with which you can make data stored in the ABAP/4 Dictionary available.
72. If a standard domain has
fixed values assign how we can add custom values it.?
Most of the time answer will be we will need an access key to modify the same. But the correct answer is we can create append for domain values as we do for tables/structures.
1. What are the layers of data description in R/3?
• The external layer.
• The ABAP/4 layer.
• The database layer.
2. Define external layer?
The external layer is the plane at which the user sees and interacts with the data, that is, the data format in the user interface. This data format is independent of the database system used.
3. Define ABAP/4 layer?
The ABAP/4 layer describes the data formats used by the ABAP/4 processor.
4. Define Database layer?
The database layer describes the data formats used in the database.
5. What is a Data Class?
The Data class determines in which table space the table is stored when it is created in the database.
6. What is a Size Category?
The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database.
7. How many types of size categories and data classes are there?
There are five size categories (0-4) and 11 data classes only three of which are appropriate for application tables:
• APPL0- Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated).
• APPL1- Transaction data (data that is changed frequently).
• APPL2- Organizational data (customizing data that is entered when system is configured and then rarely changed).
The other two types are:
• USR
• USR1 – Intended for customer's own developments.
8. What are control tables?
The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specific values via control tables.
9. What is the function of the transport system and workbench organizer?
The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to manage any changes made to objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport these changes between different SAP systems.
10. What is a table pool?
A table pool (or pool) is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. The definition of a pool consists of at least two key fields and a long argument field (VARDATA).
11. What are pooled tables?
These are logical tables, which must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Pooled tables can be used to store control data (such as screen sequences or program parameters).
12. What is a table cluster?
A table cluster combines several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logical rows from different cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record. The records from the cluster tables assigned to a cluster are thus stored in a single common table in the database.
13. How can we access the correction and transport system?
Each time you create a new object or change an existing object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, you branch automatically to the Workbench Organizer or correction and transport system.
14. Which objects are independent transport objects?
Domains, Data elements, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes for transparent tables, Structures, Views, Matchcode objects, Matchcode Ids, Lock objects.
15. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & DB layer?
Conversion between ABAP/4 data types and the database layer is done within the database interface.
16. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & external level?
Conversion between the external layer and the ABAP/4 layer is done in the SAP dialog manager DYNP.
17. What are the Data types of the external layer?
ACCP, Char, CLNT, CUKY, CURR, DATS, DESC, FLTP, INT1, INT2, INT4, LANG, LCHR, LRAW, NUMC, PREC, QUAN, RAW, TIMS, UNIT,VARC.
18. What are the Data types of the ABAP/4 layer?
Possible ABAP/4 data types:
C: Character.
D: Date, format YYYYMMDD.
F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (8 bytes).
I: Integer.
N: Numerical character string of arbitrary length.
P: Amount of counter field (packed; implementation depends on h/w platform).
S: Time Stamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
V: Character string of variable length, length is given in the first two bytes.
X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage.
19. How can we set the table spaces and extent sizes?
You can specify the extent sizes and the table space (physical storage area in the database) in which a transparent table is to be stored by setting the size category and data class.
20. What is the function of the correction system?
The correction system manages changes to internal system components. Such as objects of the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
21. What are local objects?
Local objects (Dev class$TMP) are independent of correction and transport system.
22. What is a Development class?
Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development class. This enables you to correct and transport related objects as a unit.
23. What is a data dictionary?
Data Dictionary is a central source of data in a data management system. Its main function is to support the creation and management of data definitions. It has details about
• What data is contained?
• What are the attributes of the data?
• What is the relationship existing between the various data elements?
24. What functions does a data dictionary perform?
In a data management system, the principal functions performed by the data dictionary are
• Management of data definitions.
• Provision of information for evaluation.
• Support for s/w development.
• Support form documentation.
• Ensuring that the data definitions are flexible and up-to-date.
25. What are the features of ABAP/4 Dictionary?
The most important features are:
• Integrated to aABAP/4 Development Workbench.
• Active in the runtime environment.
26. What are the uses of the information in the Data dictionary?
The following information is directly taken from the Data dictionary:
• Information on fields displayed with F1 help.
• Possible entries for fields displayed with F4 help.
• Matchcode and help views search utilities.
27. What are the basic objects of the data dictionary?
• Tables
• Domains
• Data elements
• Structures
• Foreign Keys
28. What are the aggregate objects in the data dictionary?
• Views
• Match codes
• Lock objects.
29. In the ABAP/4 Dictionary Tables can be defined independent of the underlying database (T/F).
True.
30. ABAP/4 Dictionary contains the Logical definition of the table.
31. A field containing currency amounts (data type CURR) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference field. Explain.
As a reference table, a system containing all the valid currencies is assigned or any other table, which contains a field with the currency key format. This field is called as reference field. The assignment of the field containing currency amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the currency of the amount.
32. A field containing quantity amounts (data type QUAN) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference field. Explain?
As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid quantity units is assigned or any other table, which contains a field with the format or quantity units (data type UNIT). This field is called as reference field.
The assignment of the field containing quantity amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the quantity unit of the amount.
33. What is the significance of Technical settings (specified while creating a table in the data dictionary)?
By specifying technical settings we can control how database tables are created in the database. The technical settings allows us to
• Optimize storage space requirements.
• Table access behavior.
• Buffering required.
• Changes to entries logged.
34. What is a Table attribute?
The table's attributes determine who is responsible for maintaining a table and which types of access are allowed for the table. The most important table attributes are:
• Delivery class.
• Table maintenance allowed.
• Activation type.
35. What is the significance of Delivery Class?
• The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible for table maintenance.
• Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.
• Determines the table type.
• Determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it is transported, and when a client copy is performed.
36. What is the max? No. Of structures that can be included in a table or structure.
Nine.
37. What are two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?
• Append Structures and
• Customizing Includes.
38. What is the difference between a Substructure and an Append Structure?
• In case of a substructure, the reference originates in the table itself, in the form of a statement include….
• In case of an append structure, the table itself remains unchanged and the reference originates in the append structure.
39. To how many tables can an append structure be assigned.
One.
40. If a table that is to be extended contains a long field, we cannot use append structures why?
Long fields in a table must always be located in the end, as the last field of the table. If a table has an append structure the append line must also be on the last field of the table.
41. Can we include customizing include or an append structure with Pooled or Cluster tables?
No.
42. What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain?
• By specifying fixed values.
• By stipulating a value table.
43. Structures can contain data only during the runtime of a program (T/F)
True.
44. What are the aggregate objects in the Dictionary?
• Views
• Match Code.
• Lock Object.
45. What are base tables of an aggregate object?
The tables making up an aggregate object (primary and secondary) are called aggregate object.
46. The data of a view is not physically stored, but derived from one or more tables (t/f)
True.
47. What are the 2 other types of Views, which are not allowed in Release 3.0?
• Structure Views.
• Entity Views.
48. What is a Match Code?
Match code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match Codes are an efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.
49. What are the two levels in defining a Match Code?
• Match Code Object.
• Match Code Id.
50. What is the max no of match code Id's that can be defined for one Match code object?
A match code Id is a one character ID that can be a letter or a number.
51. Can we define our own Match Code ID's for SAP Matchcodes?
Yes, the number 0 to 9 are reserved for us to create our own Match Code Ids for a SAP defined Matchcode object.
52. What is an Update type with reference to a Match code ID?
If the data in one of the base tables of a matchcode ID changes, the matchcode data has to be updated. The update type stipulates when the matchcode is to be updated and how it is to be done. The update type also specifies which method is to be used for Building matchcodes. You must specify the update type when you define a matchcode ID.
53. Can matchcode object contain Ids with different update types?
Yes.
54. What are the update types possible?
The following update types are possible:
• Update type A: The matchcode data is updated asynchronously to database changes.
• Update type S: The matchcode data is updated synchronously to database changes.
• Update type P: The matchcode data is updated by the application program.
• Update type I: Access to the matchcode data is managed using a database view.
• Update type L: Access to the matchcode is achieved by calling a function module.
55. What are the two different ways of building a match code object?
A match code can be built in two different ways:
• Logical structure: The matchcode data is set up temporarily at the moment when the match code is accessed. (Update type I, k).
• Physical Structure: The match code data is physically stored in a separate table in the database. (Update type A, S, P).
56. What are the differences between a Database index and a match code?
• Match code can contain fields from several tables whereas an index can contain fields from only one table.
• Match code objects can be built on transparent tables and pooled and cluster tables.
57. What is the function of a Domain?
• A domain describes the technical settings of a table field.
• A domain defines a value range, which sets the permissible data values for the fields, which refers to this domain.
• A single domain can be used as basis for any number of fields that are identical in structure.
58. Can you delete a domain, which is being used by data elements?
No.
59. What are conversion routines?
• Non-standard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-versa are implemented with so called conversion routines.
60. What is the function of a data element?
A data element describes the role played by a domain in a technical context. A data element contains semantic information.
61. Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed?
Yes. We can do so by just overwriting the entry in the field domain.
62. Can you delete data element, which is being used by table fields.
No.
63. Can you define a field without a data element?
Yes. If you want to specify no data element and therefore no domain for a field, you can enter data type and field length and a short text directly in the table maintenance.
64. What are null values?
If the value of a field in a table is undefined or unknown, it is called a null value.
65. What is the difference between a structure and a table?
Structures are constructed the almost the same way as tables, the only difference using that no database table is generated from them.
66. What is a view?
A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e., the data from a view is not actually physically stored instead being derived from one or more tables.
67. How many types of Views are there?
• Database View
• Help View
• Projection View
• Maintenance View
68. What is locking?
When two users simultaneously attempt to access the same data record, this is synchronized by a lock mechanism.
69. What is database utility?
Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system.
70. What are the basic functions of Database utility?
The basic functions of database utility are:
• Create database objects.
• Delete database objects.
• Adjust database objects to changed ABAP/4 dictionary definition.
71. What is Repository Info? Systems?
It is a tool with which you can make data stored in the ABAP/4 Dictionary available.
A component can consist of one process or a group and is then called the server for the respective service.
21. What is a client in SAP terminology?
An S/W component that uses the service (offered by a s/w component) is called a Client. At the same time these clients may also be servers for other services.
22. What is a SAP system?
The union of all s/w components that are assigned to the same databases is called as a SAP system.
23. What is the means of communications between R/3 and external applications?
The means of communication between R/2, R/3 and external applications is via the CPI-C handler or SAP Gateway, using the CPI-C Protocol.
24. What is the protocol used by SAP Gateway process?
The SAP Gateway process communicates with the clients based on the TCP/IP Protocol.
25. Expand CPI-C?
Common Program Interface Communication.
26. What is a Spool request?
Spool requests are generated during dialog or background processing and placed in the spool database with information about the printer and print format. The actual data is places in the Tem Se (Temporary Sequential objects).
27. What are different types of Log records?
V1 and V2. V1 must be processed before V2. But, we can have more than one V2 logs.
28. What are the types of Update requests?
An update request can be divided into one primary (V1) and several Secondary update components (V2). Time-critical operations are placed in V1 component and those whose timing is less critical are placed in V2 components. If a V1 update fails, V2 components will not be processed.
29. Dialog work processes perform only one dialog step and then available for the next request?
30. Explain what is a transaction in SAP terminology?
In SAP terminology, a transaction is series of logically connected dialog steps.
31. Explain how SAP GUI handles output screen for the user?
The SAP front-end s/w can either run on the same computer or on different computers provided for that purpose. User terminal input is accepted by the SAP terminal program SAP GUI, converted to SAP proprietary format and sent to the SAP dispatcher. The dispatcher coordinates the information exchange between the SAP GUIs and the work processes. The dispatcher first places the processing request in request queues, which it then processes. The dispatcher dispatches the requests one after another, to the available work process. The actual processing takes place in the work process. When processing is complete, the result of a work process is returned via the dispatcher to the SAP GUI. The SAP GUI interprets the received data and generates the output screen for the user.
1. What guarantees the integration of all application modules?
The R/3 basis system guarantees the integration of all application modules. The R/3 basis s/w provides the run time environment for the R/3 applications ensures optimal integration, defines a stable architectural frame for system enhancements, and contains the administration tools for the entire system.
One of the main tasks of the basis system is to guarantee the portability of the complete system.
2. What are the central interfaces of the R/3 system?
Presentation Interface.
Database Interface.
Operating system Interface.
3. Which interface controls what is shown on the p.c.?
Presentation Interface.
4. Which interface converts SQL requirements in the SAP development system to those of the database?
Database Interface.
5. What is SAP dispatcher?
SAP dispatcher is the control agent that manages the resources for the R/3 applications.
6. What are the functions of dispatcher?
Equal distribution of transaction load to the work processes.
Management of buffer areas in main memory.
Integration of the presentation levels.
Organization of communication activities.
7. What is a work process?
A work process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is done. Each work process handles one type of request.
8. Name various work processes of R/3 system?
Dialog or Online (processes only one request at a time).
Background (Started at a specific time)
Update (primary or secondary)
Enque (Lock mechanism).
Spool (generated online or during back ground processing for printing).
9. Explain about the two services that are used to deal with communication.
Message Service: Used by the application servers to exchange short internal messages, all system communications.
Gateway Service: Enables communication between R/3 and external applications using CPI-C protocol.
10. Which work process triggers database changes?
Update work process.
11. Define service (within R/3)?
A service is a process or group of processes that perform a specific system function and often provide an application-programming interface for other processes to call.
12. What are the roll and page areas?
Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests). The SAP dispatcher assigns process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page areas.
Paging area holds data from the application programs.
Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that characterize the user.
13. What are the different layers in R/3 system?
Presentation Layer.
Application Layer.
Database Layer.
14. What are the phases of background processing?
Job Scheduling.
Job Processing.
Job Overview.
15. What components of the R/e system initiate the start of background jobs at the specified time?
The batch scheduler initiates the start of background job. The dispatcher then sends this request to an available background work process for processing.
16. Define Instance.
An instance is an administrative unit in which components of an R/3 systems providing one or more services are grouped together. The services offered by an instance are started and stopped at random. All components are parameterized using a joint instance profile. A central R/3 system consists of a single instance in which all-necessary SAP services are offered. Each instance uses separate buffer areas.
17. From hardware perspective, every information system can be divided into three task areas Presentation, Application Logic and Data Storage.
The R/3 Basis software is highly suitable for use in multi-level client/server architectures.
18. What are R/3 Basis configurations?
A central system with centrally installed presentation software.
Two-level client/server system with rolled out presentation software.
Two-level client/server system. Presentation and Application run on the same computer.
Three-level client/server system. Presentation, Application and database each run on separate computers.
19. What is a Service in SAP terminology?
A service refers to something offered by a s/w component.
20. What is Server in SAP terminology?
A component can consist of one process or a group and is then called the server for the respective service.
21. What is a client in SAP terminology?
An S/W component that uses the service (offered by an s/w component) is called a Client. At the same time these clients may also be servers for other services.
22. What is a SAP system?
The union of all s/w components that are assigned to the same databases is called as a SAP system.
23. What is the means of communications between R/3 and external applications?
The means of communication between R/2, R/3 and external applications is via the CPI-C handler or SAP Gateway, using the CPI-C Protocol.
24. What is the protocol used by SAP Gateway process?
The SAP Gateway process communicates with the clients based on the TCP/IP Protocol.
25. Expand CPI-C.
Common Program Interface Communication.
26. What is a Spool request?
Spool requests are generated during dialog or background processing and placed in the spool database with information about the printer and print format. The actual data is places in the Tem Se (Temporary Sequential objects).
27. What are different types of Log records?
V1 and V2. V1 must be processed before V2. But, we can have more than one V2 logs.
28. What are the types of Update requests?
An update request can be divided into one primary (V1) and several Secondary update components (V2). Time-critical operations are placed in V1 component and those whose timing is less critical are placed in V2 components. If a V1 update fails, V2 components will not be processed.
29. Dialog work processes perform only one dialog step and then available for the next request.
30. Explain what a transaction in SAP terminology is.
In SAP terminology, a transaction is series of logically connected dialog steps.
31. Explain how SAP GUI handles output screen for the user.
The SAP front-end s/w can either run on the same computer or on different computers provided for that purpose. User terminal input is accepted by the SAP terminal program SAP GUI, converted to SAP proprietary format and sent to the SAP dispatcher. The dispatcher coordinates the information exchange between the SAP GUIs and the work processes. The dispatcher first places the processing request in request queues, which it then processes. The dispatcher dispatches the requests one after another, to the available work process. The actual processing takes place in the work process. When processing is complete, the result of a work process is returned via the dispatcher to the SAP GUI. The SAP GUI interprets the received data and generates the output screen for the user.
MODULARIZATION
1. Does every ABAP/4 have a modular structure?
Yes.
2. What is Modularization and its benefits?
If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the same function several times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and to update.
3. Name the ABAP/4 Modularization techniques.
• Source code module.
• Subroutines.
• Functions.
4. How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 program?
• By defining Macros.
• By creating include programs in the library.
5. M is the attribute type of the module program.
6. Is it possible to pass data to and from include programs explicitly?
No. If it is required to pass data to and from modules it is required to use subroutines or function modules.
7. What are subroutines?
Subroutines are program modules, which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or within the same program.
8. What are the types of Subroutines?
• Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be in the same ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (internal call).
• External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in an ABAP/4 program other than the calling procedure.
9. It is not possible to create an ABAP/4 program, which contains only Subroutines (T/F).
False.
10. A subroutine can contain nested form and endform blocks. (T/F)
False.
11. Data can be passed between calling programs and the subroutines using Parameters.
12. What are the different types of parameters?
Formal Parameters: Parameters, which are defined during the definition of subroutine with the FORM statement.
Actual Parameters: Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PERFORM statement.
13. How can one distinguish between different kinds of parameters?
• Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines.
• Output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.
14. What are the different methods of passing data?
• Calling by reference: During a subroutine call, only the address of the actual parameter is transferred to the formal parameters. The formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we work with the field of the calling program within the subroutine. If we change the formal parameter, the field contents in the calling program also changes.
• Calling by value: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have memory of their own. Changes to the formal parameters have no effect on the actual parameters.
• Calling by value and result: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have their own memory space. Changes to the formal parameters are copied to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine.
15. The method by which internal tables are passed is By Reference.
16. How can an internal table with Header line and one without header line be distinguished when passed to a subroutine?
Itab[] is used in the form and endform if the internal table is passed with a header line.
17. What should be declared explicitly in the corresponding ABAP/4 Statements to access internal tables without header lines & why?
Work Area. This is required as the Work Area is the interface for transferring data to and from the table.
18. A subroutine can be terminated unconditionally using EXIT. (T/F)
True.
19. A subroutine can be terminated upon a condition using CHECK Statement.
20. Function Modules are also external Subroutines. (T/F).
True.
21. What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine?
In contrast to normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface. Declaring data as common parts is not possible for function modules. Function modules are stored in a central library.
22. What is a function group?
A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with each other. All the modules in the group are included in the same main program. When an ABAP/4 program contains a CALL FUNCTION statement, the system loads the entire function group in with the program code at runtime. Every function module belongs to a function group.
23. What is the disadvantage of a call by reference?
During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will instantly lead to changes to the original data objects.
True.
25. What is an update task?
It is an SAP provided procedure for updating a database.
26. What happens if a function module runs in an update task?
The system performs the module processing asynchronously. Instead of carrying out the call immediately, the system waits until the next database update is triggered with the 'COMMIT WORK' command.
27. The function modules are created and stored in the Function Library.
28. When a function module is activated syntax checking is performed automatically. (Y/N)
True.
29. What is the use of the RAISING exception?
The raising exception determines whether the calling program will handle the exception itself or leave the exception to the system.
30. What is the difference between internal tables and extract datasets?
• The lines of an internal table always have the same structure. By using extract datasets, you can handle groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped data.
• You have to define the structure of the internal table at the beginning. You need not define the structure of the extract dataset.
• In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses exact datasets when storing them. This reduces the storage space required.
• Internal tables require special work area for interface whereas extract datasets do not need a special work area for interface.
31. It is possible to assign a local data object defined in a subroutine or function module to a field group. (T/F).
False.
32. What is the difference between field-group header and other field groups?
The header field group is a special field group for the sort criteria. The system automatically prefixes any other field groups with the header field group.
33. Can a filed occur in several field groups.
Yes. But it leads to unnecessary data redundancy.
34. When sorting the extract dataset the fields used as default sort key lie in the Header field group.
35. What does the insert statement in extract datasets do?
It defines the fields of a field group.
36. What does the extract statement do in extract datasets?
The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands.
37. A field-groups statement or an insert statement reverses storage space and transfers values. (T/F).
False.
38. While using extract datasets it is required to have a special work area for interface (T/F)
False.
39. The LOOP-ENDLOOP on extract datasets can be used without any kind of errors (T/F)
False. It causes runtime errors.
40. The Maximum no of key fields that can be used in a header is 50.
41. While sorting field groups we cannot use more than one key field (T/F).
False.
42. While sorting, if the main storage available is not enough, the system writes data to an external help file.
The SAP profile parameter, which determines this help file, is DIR_SORTTMP.
43. The extract statements in field groups can be used before or after processing the sort statements. (T/F)
FALSE.
SAP srcipts
4 different types of SAP Script symbols are as follows.
Most of the time answer will be we will need an access key to modify the same. But the correct answer is we can create append for domain values as we do for tables/structures.
1. What are the layers of data description in R/3?
• The external layer.
• The ABAP/4 layer.
• The database layer.
2. Define external layer?
The external layer is the plane at which the user sees and interacts with the data, that is, the data format in the user interface. This data format is independent of the database system used.
3. Define ABAP/4 layer?
The ABAP/4 layer describes the data formats used by the ABAP/4 processor.
4. Define Database layer?
The database layer describes the data formats used in the database.
5. What is a Data Class?
The Data class determines in which table space the table is stored when it is created in the database.
6. What is a Size Category?
The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database.
7. How many types of size categories and data classes are there?
There are five size categories (0-4) and 11 data classes only three of which are appropriate for application tables:
• APPL0- Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated).
• APPL1- Transaction data (data that is changed frequently).
• APPL2- Organizational data (customizing data that is entered when system is configured and then rarely changed).
The other two types are:
• USR
• USR1 – Intended for customer's own developments.
8. What are control tables?
The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specific values via control tables.
9. What is the function of the transport system and workbench organizer?
The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to manage any changes made to objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport these changes between different SAP systems.
10. What is a table pool?
A table pool (or pool) is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. The definition of a pool consists of at least two key fields and a long argument field (VARDATA).
11. What are pooled tables?
These are logical tables, which must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Pooled tables can be used to store control data (such as screen sequences or program parameters).
12. What is a table cluster?
A table cluster combines several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logical rows from different cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record. The records from the cluster tables assigned to a cluster are thus stored in a single common table in the database.
13. How can we access the correction and transport system?
Each time you create a new object or change an existing object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, you branch automatically to the Workbench Organizer or correction and transport system.
14. Which objects are independent transport objects?
Domains, Data elements, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes for transparent tables, Structures, Views, Matchcode objects, Matchcode Ids, Lock objects.
15. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & DB layer?
Conversion between ABAP/4 data types and the database layer is done within the database interface.
16. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & external level?
Conversion between the external layer and the ABAP/4 layer is done in the SAP dialog manager DYNP.
17. What are the Data types of the external layer?
ACCP, Char, CLNT, CUKY, CURR, DATS, DESC, FLTP, INT1, INT2, INT4, LANG, LCHR, LRAW, NUMC, PREC, QUAN, RAW, TIMS, UNIT,VARC.
18. What are the Data types of the ABAP/4 layer?
Possible ABAP/4 data types:
C: Character.
D: Date, format YYYYMMDD.
F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (8 bytes).
I: Integer.
N: Numerical character string of arbitrary length.
P: Amount of counter field (packed; implementation depends on h/w platform).
S: Time Stamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
V: Character string of variable length, length is given in the first two bytes.
X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage.
19. How can we set the table spaces and extent sizes?
You can specify the extent sizes and the table space (physical storage area in the database) in which a transparent table is to be stored by setting the size category and data class.
20. What is the function of the correction system?
The correction system manages changes to internal system components. Such as objects of the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
21. What are local objects?
Local objects (Dev class$TMP) are independent of correction and transport system.
22. What is a Development class?
Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development class. This enables you to correct and transport related objects as a unit.
23. What is a data dictionary?
Data Dictionary is a central source of data in a data management system. Its main function is to support the creation and management of data definitions. It has details about
• What data is contained?
• What are the attributes of the data?
• What is the relationship existing between the various data elements?
24. What functions does a data dictionary perform?
In a data management system, the principal functions performed by the data dictionary are
• Management of data definitions.
• Provision of information for evaluation.
• Support for s/w development.
• Support form documentation.
• Ensuring that the data definitions are flexible and up-to-date.
25. What are the features of ABAP/4 Dictionary?
The most important features are:
• Integrated to aABAP/4 Development Workbench.
• Active in the runtime environment.
26. What are the uses of the information in the Data dictionary?
The following information is directly taken from the Data dictionary:
• Information on fields displayed with F1 help.
• Possible entries for fields displayed with F4 help.
• Matchcode and help views search utilities.
27. What are the basic objects of the data dictionary?
• Tables
• Domains
• Data elements
• Structures
• Foreign Keys
28. What are the aggregate objects in the data dictionary?
• Views
• Match codes
• Lock objects.
29. In the ABAP/4 Dictionary Tables can be defined independent of the underlying database (T/F).
True.
30. ABAP/4 Dictionary contains the Logical definition of the table.
31. A field containing currency amounts (data type CURR) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference field. Explain.
As a reference table, a system containing all the valid currencies is assigned or any other table, which contains a field with the currency key format. This field is called as reference field. The assignment of the field containing currency amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the currency of the amount.
32. A field containing quantity amounts (data type QUAN) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference field. Explain?
As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid quantity units is assigned or any other table, which contains a field with the format or quantity units (data type UNIT). This field is called as reference field.
The assignment of the field containing quantity amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the quantity unit of the amount.
33. What is the significance of Technical settings (specified while creating a table in the data dictionary)?
By specifying technical settings we can control how database tables are created in the database. The technical settings allows us to
• Optimize storage space requirements.
• Table access behavior.
• Buffering required.
• Changes to entries logged.
34. What is a Table attribute?
The table's attributes determine who is responsible for maintaining a table and which types of access are allowed for the table. The most important table attributes are:
• Delivery class.
• Table maintenance allowed.
• Activation type.
35. What is the significance of Delivery Class?
• The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible for table maintenance.
• Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.
• Determines the table type.
• Determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it is transported, and when a client copy is performed.
36. What is the max? No. Of structures that can be included in a table or structure.
Nine.
37. What are two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?
• Append Structures and
• Customizing Includes.
38. What is the difference between a Substructure and an Append Structure?
• In case of a substructure, the reference originates in the table itself, in the form of a statement include….
• In case of an append structure, the table itself remains unchanged and the reference originates in the append structure.
39. To how many tables can an append structure be assigned.
One.
40. If a table that is to be extended contains a long field, we cannot use append structures why?
Long fields in a table must always be located in the end, as the last field of the table. If a table has an append structure the append line must also be on the last field of the table.
41. Can we include customizing include or an append structure with Pooled or Cluster tables?
No.
42. What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain?
• By specifying fixed values.
• By stipulating a value table.
43. Structures can contain data only during the runtime of a program (T/F)
True.
44. What are the aggregate objects in the Dictionary?
• Views
• Match Code.
• Lock Object.
45. What are base tables of an aggregate object?
The tables making up an aggregate object (primary and secondary) are called aggregate object.
46. The data of a view is not physically stored, but derived from one or more tables (t/f)
True.
47. What are the 2 other types of Views, which are not allowed in Release 3.0?
• Structure Views.
• Entity Views.
48. What is a Match Code?
Match code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match Codes are an efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.
49. What are the two levels in defining a Match Code?
• Match Code Object.
• Match Code Id.
50. What is the max no of match code Id's that can be defined for one Match code object?
A match code Id is a one character ID that can be a letter or a number.
51. Can we define our own Match Code ID's for SAP Matchcodes?
Yes, the number 0 to 9 are reserved for us to create our own Match Code Ids for a SAP defined Matchcode object.
52. What is an Update type with reference to a Match code ID?
If the data in one of the base tables of a matchcode ID changes, the matchcode data has to be updated. The update type stipulates when the matchcode is to be updated and how it is to be done. The update type also specifies which method is to be used for Building matchcodes. You must specify the update type when you define a matchcode ID.
53. Can matchcode object contain Ids with different update types?
Yes.
54. What are the update types possible?
The following update types are possible:
• Update type A: The matchcode data is updated asynchronously to database changes.
• Update type S: The matchcode data is updated synchronously to database changes.
• Update type P: The matchcode data is updated by the application program.
• Update type I: Access to the matchcode data is managed using a database view.
• Update type L: Access to the matchcode is achieved by calling a function module.
55. What are the two different ways of building a match code object?
A match code can be built in two different ways:
• Logical structure: The matchcode data is set up temporarily at the moment when the match code is accessed. (Update type I, k).
• Physical Structure: The match code data is physically stored in a separate table in the database. (Update type A, S, P).
56. What are the differences between a Database index and a match code?
• Match code can contain fields from several tables whereas an index can contain fields from only one table.
• Match code objects can be built on transparent tables and pooled and cluster tables.
57. What is the function of a Domain?
• A domain describes the technical settings of a table field.
• A domain defines a value range, which sets the permissible data values for the fields, which refers to this domain.
• A single domain can be used as basis for any number of fields that are identical in structure.
58. Can you delete a domain, which is being used by data elements?
No.
59. What are conversion routines?
• Non-standard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-versa are implemented with so called conversion routines.
60. What is the function of a data element?
A data element describes the role played by a domain in a technical context. A data element contains semantic information.
61. Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed?
Yes. We can do so by just overwriting the entry in the field domain.
62. Can you delete data element, which is being used by table fields.
No.
63. Can you define a field without a data element?
Yes. If you want to specify no data element and therefore no domain for a field, you can enter data type and field length and a short text directly in the table maintenance.
64. What are null values?
If the value of a field in a table is undefined or unknown, it is called a null value.
65. What is the difference between a structure and a table?
Structures are constructed the almost the same way as tables, the only difference using that no database table is generated from them.
66. What is a view?
A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e., the data from a view is not actually physically stored instead being derived from one or more tables.
67. How many types of Views are there?
• Database View
• Help View
• Projection View
• Maintenance View
68. What is locking?
When two users simultaneously attempt to access the same data record, this is synchronized by a lock mechanism.
69. What is database utility?
Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system.
70. What are the basic functions of Database utility?
The basic functions of database utility are:
• Create database objects.
• Delete database objects.
• Adjust database objects to changed ABAP/4 dictionary definition.
71. What is Repository Info? Systems?
It is a tool with which you can make data stored in the ABAP/4 Dictionary available.
72. What is an ABAP dictionary?
ABAP dictionary is a central data management system. Its
main function is to support the creation and management of data definitions.
73. What are the basic objects of the data dictionary?
Tables
Domains
Data elements
Structures
Foreign keys.
74. What is the difference between Data elements and Domains?
Data Element
|
Domain
|
Data Element gives semantic attributes like field labels
and online documentation
|
Domain gives the technical attributes like data type and
field length
|
75.Can you delete a domain which is being used by data elements?
No.
76.Can you define a field without a data element?
Yes. Use the path Utilities – > Direct Entry Type.
75.What are the difference between Tables and Structures?
Table
|
Structure
|
Table has an underlying database table
|
No underlying database table
|
Table has a primary key
|
No primary key
|
Table has technical attributes
|
No technical attributes
|
76. What is a Data Class?
The Data class determines in which table space the table is
stored when it is created in the database.
77. What is a Size Category?
The Size category describes the probable space requirement
of the table in the database.
78. What is a view?
A view is a logical view on one or more tables. I.e.
the data from a view is not actually physically stored in the database instead
the data will be derived from one or more tables during runtime.
79. What are the different types of views and their definition?
Database View
Help View
Projection View
Maintenance View.
SAP R/3 ARCHITECTURE
1. What guarantees the integration of all application modules?
The R/3 basis system guarantees the integration of all application modules. The R/3basis s/w provides the run time environment for the R/3 applications ensures optimal integration, defines a stable architectural frame for system enhancements, and contains the administration tools for the entire system.
One of the main tasks of the basis system is to guarantee the portability of the complete system.
2. What are the central interfaces of the R/3 system?
Presentation Interface.
Database Interface.
Operating system Interface.
3. Which interface controls what is shown on the p.c.?
Presentation Interface.
4. Which interface converts SQL requirements in the SAP development system to those of the database?
Database Interface.
5. What is SAP dispatcher?
SAP dispatcher is the control agent that manages the resources for the R/3 applications.
6. What are the functions of dispatcher?
Equal distribution of transaction load to the work processes.
Management of buffer areas in main memory.
Integration of the presentation levels.
Organization of communication activities.
7. What is a work process?
A work process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is done. Each work process handles one type of request.
8. Name various work processes of R/3 system?
Dialog or Online (processes only one request at a time).
Background (Started at a specific time)
Update (primary or secondary)
Enque (Lock mechanism).
Spool (generated online or during back ground processing for printing).
9. Explain about the two services that are used to deal with communication?
Message Service: Used by the application servers to exchange short internal messages, all system communications.
Gateway Service: Enables communication between R/3 and external applications using CPI-C protocol.
10. Which work process triggers database changes?
Update work process.
11. Define service (within R/3)?
A service is a process or group of processes that perform a specific system function and often provide an application-programming interface for other processes to call.
12. What are the roll and page areas?
Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests). The SAP dispatcher assigns process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page areas.
Paging area holds data from the application programs.
Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that characterize the user.
13. What are the different layers in R/3 system?
Presentation Layer.
Application Layer.
Database Layer.
14. What are the phases of background processing?
Job Scheduling.
Job Processing.
Job Overview.
15. What components of the R/e system initiate the start of background jobs at the specified time?
The batch scheduler initiates the start of background job. The dispatcher then sends this request to an available background work process for processing.
16. Define Instance?
An instance is an administrative unit in which components of an R/3 systems providing one or more services are grouped together. The services offered by an instance are started and stopped at random. All components are parameterized using a joint instance profile. A central R/3 system consists of a single instance in which all-necessary SAP services are offered. Each instance uses separate buffer areas.
17. From hardware perspective, every information system can be divided into three task areas Presentation, Application Logic and Data Storage?
The R/3 Basis software is highly suitable for use in multi-level client/server architectures.
18. What are R/3 Basis configurations?
A central system with centrally installed presentation software.
Two-level client/server system with rolled out presentation software.
Two-level client/server system. Presentation and Application run on the same computer.
Three-level client/server system. Presentation, Application and database each run on separate computers.
19. What is a Service in SAP terminology?
A service refers to something offered by an s/w component.
20. What is Server in SAP terminology?1. What guarantees the integration of all application modules?
The R/3 basis system guarantees the integration of all application modules. The R/3basis s/w provides the run time environment for the R/3 applications ensures optimal integration, defines a stable architectural frame for system enhancements, and contains the administration tools for the entire system.
One of the main tasks of the basis system is to guarantee the portability of the complete system.
2. What are the central interfaces of the R/3 system?
Presentation Interface.
Database Interface.
Operating system Interface.
3. Which interface controls what is shown on the p.c.?
Presentation Interface.
4. Which interface converts SQL requirements in the SAP development system to those of the database?
Database Interface.
5. What is SAP dispatcher?
SAP dispatcher is the control agent that manages the resources for the R/3 applications.
6. What are the functions of dispatcher?
Equal distribution of transaction load to the work processes.
Management of buffer areas in main memory.
Integration of the presentation levels.
Organization of communication activities.
7. What is a work process?
A work process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is done. Each work process handles one type of request.
8. Name various work processes of R/3 system?
Dialog or Online (processes only one request at a time).
Background (Started at a specific time)
Update (primary or secondary)
Enque (Lock mechanism).
Spool (generated online or during back ground processing for printing).
9. Explain about the two services that are used to deal with communication?
Message Service: Used by the application servers to exchange short internal messages, all system communications.
Gateway Service: Enables communication between R/3 and external applications using CPI-C protocol.
10. Which work process triggers database changes?
Update work process.
11. Define service (within R/3)?
A service is a process or group of processes that perform a specific system function and often provide an application-programming interface for other processes to call.
12. What are the roll and page areas?
Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests). The SAP dispatcher assigns process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page areas.
Paging area holds data from the application programs.
Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that characterize the user.
13. What are the different layers in R/3 system?
Presentation Layer.
Application Layer.
Database Layer.
14. What are the phases of background processing?
Job Scheduling.
Job Processing.
Job Overview.
15. What components of the R/e system initiate the start of background jobs at the specified time?
The batch scheduler initiates the start of background job. The dispatcher then sends this request to an available background work process for processing.
16. Define Instance?
An instance is an administrative unit in which components of an R/3 systems providing one or more services are grouped together. The services offered by an instance are started and stopped at random. All components are parameterized using a joint instance profile. A central R/3 system consists of a single instance in which all-necessary SAP services are offered. Each instance uses separate buffer areas.
17. From hardware perspective, every information system can be divided into three task areas Presentation, Application Logic and Data Storage?
The R/3 Basis software is highly suitable for use in multi-level client/server architectures.
18. What are R/3 Basis configurations?
A central system with centrally installed presentation software.
Two-level client/server system with rolled out presentation software.
Two-level client/server system. Presentation and Application run on the same computer.
Three-level client/server system. Presentation, Application and database each run on separate computers.
19. What is a Service in SAP terminology?
A service refers to something offered by an s/w component.
A component can consist of one process or a group and is then called the server for the respective service.
21. What is a client in SAP terminology?
An S/W component that uses the service (offered by a s/w component) is called a Client. At the same time these clients may also be servers for other services.
22. What is a SAP system?
The union of all s/w components that are assigned to the same databases is called as a SAP system.
23. What is the means of communications between R/3 and external applications?
The means of communication between R/2, R/3 and external applications is via the CPI-C handler or SAP Gateway, using the CPI-C Protocol.
24. What is the protocol used by SAP Gateway process?
The SAP Gateway process communicates with the clients based on the TCP/IP Protocol.
25. Expand CPI-C?
Common Program Interface Communication.
26. What is a Spool request?
Spool requests are generated during dialog or background processing and placed in the spool database with information about the printer and print format. The actual data is places in the Tem Se (Temporary Sequential objects).
27. What are different types of Log records?
V1 and V2. V1 must be processed before V2. But, we can have more than one V2 logs.
28. What are the types of Update requests?
An update request can be divided into one primary (V1) and several Secondary update components (V2). Time-critical operations are placed in V1 component and those whose timing is less critical are placed in V2 components. If a V1 update fails, V2 components will not be processed.
29. Dialog work processes perform only one dialog step and then available for the next request?
30. Explain what is a transaction in SAP terminology?
In SAP terminology, a transaction is series of logically connected dialog steps.
31. Explain how SAP GUI handles output screen for the user?
The SAP front-end s/w can either run on the same computer or on different computers provided for that purpose. User terminal input is accepted by the SAP terminal program SAP GUI, converted to SAP proprietary format and sent to the SAP dispatcher. The dispatcher coordinates the information exchange between the SAP GUIs and the work processes. The dispatcher first places the processing request in request queues, which it then processes. The dispatcher dispatches the requests one after another, to the available work process. The actual processing takes place in the work process. When processing is complete, the result of a work process is returned via the dispatcher to the SAP GUI. The SAP GUI interprets the received data and generates the output screen for the user.
1. What guarantees the integration of all application modules?
The R/3 basis system guarantees the integration of all application modules. The R/3 basis s/w provides the run time environment for the R/3 applications ensures optimal integration, defines a stable architectural frame for system enhancements, and contains the administration tools for the entire system.
One of the main tasks of the basis system is to guarantee the portability of the complete system.
2. What are the central interfaces of the R/3 system?
Presentation Interface.
Database Interface.
Operating system Interface.
3. Which interface controls what is shown on the p.c.?
Presentation Interface.
4. Which interface converts SQL requirements in the SAP development system to those of the database?
Database Interface.
5. What is SAP dispatcher?
SAP dispatcher is the control agent that manages the resources for the R/3 applications.
6. What are the functions of dispatcher?
Equal distribution of transaction load to the work processes.
Management of buffer areas in main memory.
Integration of the presentation levels.
Organization of communication activities.
7. What is a work process?
A work process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is done. Each work process handles one type of request.
8. Name various work processes of R/3 system?
Dialog or Online (processes only one request at a time).
Background (Started at a specific time)
Update (primary or secondary)
Enque (Lock mechanism).
Spool (generated online or during back ground processing for printing).
9. Explain about the two services that are used to deal with communication.
Message Service: Used by the application servers to exchange short internal messages, all system communications.
Gateway Service: Enables communication between R/3 and external applications using CPI-C protocol.
10. Which work process triggers database changes?
Update work process.
11. Define service (within R/3)?
A service is a process or group of processes that perform a specific system function and often provide an application-programming interface for other processes to call.
12. What are the roll and page areas?
Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests). The SAP dispatcher assigns process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page areas.
Paging area holds data from the application programs.
Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that characterize the user.
13. What are the different layers in R/3 system?
Presentation Layer.
Application Layer.
Database Layer.
14. What are the phases of background processing?
Job Scheduling.
Job Processing.
Job Overview.
15. What components of the R/e system initiate the start of background jobs at the specified time?
The batch scheduler initiates the start of background job. The dispatcher then sends this request to an available background work process for processing.
16. Define Instance.
An instance is an administrative unit in which components of an R/3 systems providing one or more services are grouped together. The services offered by an instance are started and stopped at random. All components are parameterized using a joint instance profile. A central R/3 system consists of a single instance in which all-necessary SAP services are offered. Each instance uses separate buffer areas.
17. From hardware perspective, every information system can be divided into three task areas Presentation, Application Logic and Data Storage.
The R/3 Basis software is highly suitable for use in multi-level client/server architectures.
18. What are R/3 Basis configurations?
A central system with centrally installed presentation software.
Two-level client/server system with rolled out presentation software.
Two-level client/server system. Presentation and Application run on the same computer.
Three-level client/server system. Presentation, Application and database each run on separate computers.
19. What is a Service in SAP terminology?
A service refers to something offered by a s/w component.
20. What is Server in SAP terminology?
A component can consist of one process or a group and is then called the server for the respective service.
21. What is a client in SAP terminology?
An S/W component that uses the service (offered by an s/w component) is called a Client. At the same time these clients may also be servers for other services.
22. What is a SAP system?
The union of all s/w components that are assigned to the same databases is called as a SAP system.
23. What is the means of communications between R/3 and external applications?
The means of communication between R/2, R/3 and external applications is via the CPI-C handler or SAP Gateway, using the CPI-C Protocol.
24. What is the protocol used by SAP Gateway process?
The SAP Gateway process communicates with the clients based on the TCP/IP Protocol.
25. Expand CPI-C.
Common Program Interface Communication.
26. What is a Spool request?
Spool requests are generated during dialog or background processing and placed in the spool database with information about the printer and print format. The actual data is places in the Tem Se (Temporary Sequential objects).
27. What are different types of Log records?
V1 and V2. V1 must be processed before V2. But, we can have more than one V2 logs.
28. What are the types of Update requests?
An update request can be divided into one primary (V1) and several Secondary update components (V2). Time-critical operations are placed in V1 component and those whose timing is less critical are placed in V2 components. If a V1 update fails, V2 components will not be processed.
29. Dialog work processes perform only one dialog step and then available for the next request.
30. Explain what a transaction in SAP terminology is.
In SAP terminology, a transaction is series of logically connected dialog steps.
31. Explain how SAP GUI handles output screen for the user.
The SAP front-end s/w can either run on the same computer or on different computers provided for that purpose. User terminal input is accepted by the SAP terminal program SAP GUI, converted to SAP proprietary format and sent to the SAP dispatcher. The dispatcher coordinates the information exchange between the SAP GUIs and the work processes. The dispatcher first places the processing request in request queues, which it then processes. The dispatcher dispatches the requests one after another, to the available work process. The actual processing takes place in the work process. When processing is complete, the result of a work process is returned via the dispatcher to the SAP GUI. The SAP GUI interprets the received data and generates the output screen for the user.
MODULARIZATION
1. Does every ABAP/4 have a modular structure?
Yes.
2. What is Modularization and its benefits?
If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the same function several times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and to update.
3. Name the ABAP/4 Modularization techniques.
• Source code module.
• Subroutines.
• Functions.
4. How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 program?
• By defining Macros.
• By creating include programs in the library.
5. M is the attribute type of the module program.
6. Is it possible to pass data to and from include programs explicitly?
No. If it is required to pass data to and from modules it is required to use subroutines or function modules.
7. What are subroutines?
Subroutines are program modules, which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or within the same program.
8. What are the types of Subroutines?
• Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be in the same ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (internal call).
• External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in an ABAP/4 program other than the calling procedure.
9. It is not possible to create an ABAP/4 program, which contains only Subroutines (T/F).
False.
10. A subroutine can contain nested form and endform blocks. (T/F)
False.
11. Data can be passed between calling programs and the subroutines using Parameters.
12. What are the different types of parameters?
Formal Parameters: Parameters, which are defined during the definition of subroutine with the FORM statement.
Actual Parameters: Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PERFORM statement.
13. How can one distinguish between different kinds of parameters?
• Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines.
• Output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.
14. What are the different methods of passing data?
• Calling by reference: During a subroutine call, only the address of the actual parameter is transferred to the formal parameters. The formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we work with the field of the calling program within the subroutine. If we change the formal parameter, the field contents in the calling program also changes.
• Calling by value: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have memory of their own. Changes to the formal parameters have no effect on the actual parameters.
• Calling by value and result: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have their own memory space. Changes to the formal parameters are copied to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine.
15. The method by which internal tables are passed is By Reference.
16. How can an internal table with Header line and one without header line be distinguished when passed to a subroutine?
Itab[] is used in the form and endform if the internal table is passed with a header line.
17. What should be declared explicitly in the corresponding ABAP/4 Statements to access internal tables without header lines & why?
Work Area. This is required as the Work Area is the interface for transferring data to and from the table.
18. A subroutine can be terminated unconditionally using EXIT. (T/F)
True.
19. A subroutine can be terminated upon a condition using CHECK Statement.
20. Function Modules are also external Subroutines. (T/F).
True.
21. What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine?
In contrast to normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface. Declaring data as common parts is not possible for function modules. Function modules are stored in a central library.
22. What is a function group?
A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with each other. All the modules in the group are included in the same main program. When an ABAP/4 program contains a CALL FUNCTION statement, the system loads the entire function group in with the program code at runtime. Every function module belongs to a function group.
23. What is the disadvantage of a call by reference?
During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will instantly lead to changes to the original data objects.
True.
25. What is an update task?
It is an SAP provided procedure for updating a database.
26. What happens if a function module runs in an update task?
The system performs the module processing asynchronously. Instead of carrying out the call immediately, the system waits until the next database update is triggered with the 'COMMIT WORK' command.
27. The function modules are created and stored in the Function Library.
28. When a function module is activated syntax checking is performed automatically. (Y/N)
True.
29. What is the use of the RAISING exception?
The raising exception determines whether the calling program will handle the exception itself or leave the exception to the system.
30. What is the difference between internal tables and extract datasets?
• The lines of an internal table always have the same structure. By using extract datasets, you can handle groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped data.
• You have to define the structure of the internal table at the beginning. You need not define the structure of the extract dataset.
• In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses exact datasets when storing them. This reduces the storage space required.
• Internal tables require special work area for interface whereas extract datasets do not need a special work area for interface.
31. It is possible to assign a local data object defined in a subroutine or function module to a field group. (T/F).
False.
32. What is the difference between field-group header and other field groups?
The header field group is a special field group for the sort criteria. The system automatically prefixes any other field groups with the header field group.
33. Can a filed occur in several field groups.
Yes. But it leads to unnecessary data redundancy.
34. When sorting the extract dataset the fields used as default sort key lie in the Header field group.
35. What does the insert statement in extract datasets do?
It defines the fields of a field group.
36. What does the extract statement do in extract datasets?
The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands.
37. A field-groups statement or an insert statement reverses storage space and transfers values. (T/F).
False.
38. While using extract datasets it is required to have a special work area for interface (T/F)
False.
39. The LOOP-ENDLOOP on extract datasets can be used without any kind of errors (T/F)
False. It causes runtime errors.
40. The Maximum no of key fields that can be used in a header is 50.
41. While sorting field groups we cannot use more than one key field (T/F).
False.
42. While sorting, if the main storage available is not enough, the system writes data to an external help file.
The SAP profile parameter, which determines this help file, is DIR_SORTTMP.
43. The extract statements in field groups can be used before or after processing the sort statements. (T/F)
FALSE.
SAP srcipts
1. What is the tcode for SAP Script forms?
SE71 is the tcode for SAP Script forms.
SE71 is the tcode for SAP Script forms.
2. What is PROTECT & END PROTECT?
PROTECT & END PROTECT is a command used to protect a paragraph against a page break.
PROTECT & END PROTECT is a command used to protect a paragraph against a page break.
3. What are the different types of SAP Script symbols?
4 different types of SAP Script symbols are as follows.
System symbols
Standard symbols
Program symbols
Text symbols.
4. What are the different window types in SAP Script?
MAIN – Main window
VAR – Variable window
CONST – Constant window.
5. How many MAIN windows are allowed in SAP script?
99 main windows are allowed in SAP script.
99 main windows are allowed in SAP script.
6. How do you control printer functions from SAP script?
By using PRINT-CONTROL command.
By using PRINT-CONTROL command.
7. How can we omit a leading sign and a leading zero in
SAPScript?
Leading sign can be omitted by using ‘S’ with the sapscript symbol i.e. &symbol(S) &. Leading zero can be omitted by using ‘Z’ with the sapscript symbol i.e. &symbol (Z) &.
Leading sign can be omitted by using ‘S’ with the sapscript symbol i.e. &symbol(S) &. Leading zero can be omitted by using ‘Z’ with the sapscript symbol i.e. &symbol (Z) &.
8. How to debug a SAPScript?
To switch on the debugger for SAPScript use the menu path Utilities->Debugger or use the program RSTXDBUG.
To switch on the debugger for SAPScript use the menu path Utilities->Debugger or use the program RSTXDBUG.
9. What are the different function modules used in SAPScript?
START_FORM
OPEN_FORM
WRITE_FORM
CLOSE_FORM
END_FORM.
10. How to call a subroutine in SAPScript?
Use PERFORM to call a subroutine.
Use PERFORM to call a subroutine.
Syntax for PERFORM statement is as follows
/: PERFORM IN PROGRAM
/: USING &INVAR1&
/: USING &INVAR2&
/: CHANGING &OUTVAR1&
/: CHANGING &OUTVAR2&
/: ENDPERFORM
Syntax for FORM statement in the program is as follows.
FORM TABLES IN_TAB STRUCTURE ITCSY
OUT_TAB STRUCTURE ITCSY.
...
ENDFORM.
BDC
1: What is the difference between Call Transaction Method and the Session method?
Let's have a look at the syntax for CALL TRANSACTION method.
Sample code:
6: What is the structure of the BDC table?
The BDCDATA consists of the following fields:
If there are n records, the BDC_INSERT method should be called n times.
BDC_OPEN_GROUP and BDC_CLOSE_GROUP are called only once.
General Information about a session is stored in table APQI.
Transaction data for a session is stored in table APQD.
9: What is your approach for writing a BDC program?
Identify the Tcode and do the recording in SHDB to populate the BDCDATA.
Once the recording is done , one can Transfer it to the Batch input program.
Internal Tables
Reports
1. What is BDC?
BDC stands for Batch Data Communication. BDC is used to
upload data from flat file to SAP.
2. What are the different methods of BDC?
Batch input session method
Call Transaction method.
3. What is the t-code to display batch input sessions?
SM35.
4. What is the t-code for transaction recorder?
SHDB.
5.What are the function modules used to create batch input
session?
FUNCTION MODULE NAME
|
PURPOSE
|
BDC_OPEN_GROUP
|
Used to create session
|
BDC_INSERT
|
Used to insert batch input data
|
BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
|
Used to close session. We can process the session only
after is closed
|
6.What are the parameters in BDC_OPEN_GROUP?
PARAMETERS
|
PURPOSE
|
CLIENT
|
Client in which session to be processed
|
GROUP
|
Name of the session
|
HOLDDATE
|
Lock date
|
KEEP
|
Keep session even after successful processing
|
USER
|
This is used to check the user authorizations to run the
transactions
|
7.What are the parameters in BDC_INSERT?
PARAMETERS
|
PURPOSE
|
TCODE
|
Transaction Code
|
DYNPROTAB
|
Contains transaction data
|
8.What is the syntax for Call Transaction?
CALL TRANSACTION USING MODE
UPDATE MESSAGES INTO .
9.What are the differences between session methods and call
transaction method?
CALL TRANSACTION METHOD
|
SESSION METHOD
|
Asynchronous processing
|
Synchronous processing
|
No logs will be created, so errors have to be handled
explicitly
|
Logs will be created
|
SY-SUBRC = 0, if it is successful
|
SY-SUBRC will not be returned
|
Database updates are synchronous or Asynchronous
|
Synchronous database updates
|
10.What is the ABAP program name to process the batch input session
automatically?
RSBDCSUB.
1. What is full form of BDC Session?
Batch Data Communication Session.
2. What are the steps in a BDC session?
The first step in a BDC session is to identify the screens of the transaction that the program will process. Next step is to write a program to build the BDC table that will be used to submit the data to SAP. The final step is to submit the BDC table to the system in the batch mode or as a single transaction by the CALL TRANSACTION command.
3. How do you find the information on the current screen?
The information on the current screen can be found by SYSTEM STATUS command from any menu.
4. How do you save data in BDC tables?
The data in BDC tables is saved by using the field name 'BDC_OKCODE' and field value of '/11'.
5. What is the last entry in all BDC tables?
In all BDC tables the last entry is to save the data by using the field name BDC_OKCODE and a field value of '/11'.
6. What is a multiple line field?
A multiple line field is a special kind of field which allows the user to enter multiple lines of data into it.
7. How do you populate data into a multiple line field?
To populate data into a multiple line field, an index is added to the field name to indicate which line is to be populated by the BDC session (Line index).
8. Write the BDC table structure.
BDC table structure
FIELD TYPE DESCRIPTION
Program CHAR (8) Program name of transaction.
DynPro CHAR (4) Screen number of transaction.
DynBegin CHAR (1) Indicator for new screen.
Fnam CHAR (35) Name of database field from screen.
Fval CHAR (80) Value to submit to field.
9. Does the CALL TRANSACTION method allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
No. The CALL TRANSACTION method allows only a single transaction to be processed by SAP.
10. Does the BDC-INSERT function allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
Yes.
11. What is the syntax for 'CALL TRANSACTION'?
CALL TRANSACTION Trans [using bdctab MODE mode].
Three possible entries are there for MODE.
A - Show all screens.
E - Show only screens with errors.
N - Show no screens.
1. What is full form of BDC Session?
Batch Data Communication Session.
2. What are the steps in a BDC session?
The first step in a BDC session is to identify the screens of the transaction that the program will process. Next step is to write a program to build the BDC table that will be used to submit the data to SAP. The final step is to submit the BDC table to the system in the batch mode or as a single transaction by the CALL TRANSACTION command.
3. How do you find the information on the current screen?
The information on the current screen can be found by SYSTEM STATUS command from any menu.
4. How do you save data in BDC tables?
The data in BDC tables is saved by using the field name 'BDC_OKCODE' and field value of '/11'.
5. What is the last entry in all BDC tables?
In all BDC tables the last entry is to save the data by using the field name BDC_OKCODE and a field value of '/11'.
6. What is a multiple line field?
A multiple line field is a special kind of field which allows the user to enter multiple lines of data into it.
7. How do you populate data into a multiple line field?
To populate data into a multiple line field, an index is added to the field name to indicate which line is to be populated by the BDC session (Line index).
8. Write the BDC table structure.
BDC table structure
FIELD TYPE DESCRIPTION
Program CHAR (8) Program name of transaction.
DynPro CHAR (4) Screen number of transaction.
DynBegin CHAR (1) Indicator for new screen.
Fnam CHAR (35) Name of database field from screen.
Fval CHAR (80) Value to submit to field.
9. Does the CALL TRANSACTION method allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
No. The CALL TRANSACTION method allows only a single transaction to be processed by SAP.
10. Does the BDC-INSERT function allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
Yes.
11. What is the syntax for 'CALL TRANSACTION'?
CALL TRANSACTION Trans [using bdctab MODE mode].
Three possible entries are there for MODE.
A - Show all screens.
E - Show only screens with errors.
N - Show no screens.
1: What is the difference between Call Transaction Method and the Session method?
Session Method
|
Call Transaction
|
Session method id generally used when the data volume is
huge.
|
Call transaction method is when the data volume is
low
|
Session method is slow as compared to Call transaction.
|
Call Transaction method is relatively faster than Session
method.
|
SAP Database is updated when you process the sessions.
You need to process the sessions separately via SM35.
|
SAP Database is updated during the execution of the batch
input program.
|
Errors are automatically handled during the processing of
the batch input session.
|
Errors should be handled in the batch input program.
|
2: How do you do BDC for a table control?
With other things as usual, there is a special trick that you have to use while doing BDC for table control.
You need to use the BDC OKCODE '=P+'.
It’s the BCD_OKCODE for Page down that can be used for scrolling down in table control.
With other things as usual, there is a special trick that you have to use while doing BDC for table control.
You need to use the BDC OKCODE '=P+'.
It’s the BCD_OKCODE for Page down that can be used for scrolling down in table control.
3: Is there any method apart from BDC for data upload to
SAP?
Apart from BDC and LSMW, you can use BAPIs to upload data into SAP.
BAPIs should be preferred over BDCs, because they process data faster than BDC.
Apart from BDC and LSMW, you can use BAPIs to upload data into SAP.
BAPIs should be preferred over BDCs, because they process data faster than BDC.
A BAPI is faster since it updates Database
"directly". Whereas BDC calls transaction and goes through the
whole screen sequence as any user would do.
BAPI
|
BDC
|
BAPI is faster than BDC.
|
BDC is relatively slower than BAPI.
|
BAPI directly updates database.
|
BDC goes through all the screens as a normal user would
do and hence it is slower.
|
No such processing options are available in BAPI.
|
Background and Foreground processing options are
available for BDC.
|
BAPI would generally used for small data uploads.
|
BDCs would be preferred for large volumes of data upload
since background processing option is available.
|
For processing errors, the Return Parameters for BAPI
should be used.This parameter returns exception messages or success messages
to the calling program.
|
Errors can be processed in SM35 for session method and in
the batch input program for Call Transaction method.
|
4: How do you process errors in Call Transaction method?
Let's have a look at the syntax for CALL TRANSACTION method.
Sample code:
DATA: BEGIN OF G_T_MESSTAB OCCURS 0.
INCLUDE
STRUCTURE BDCMSGCOLL.
DATA: END OF G_T_MESSTAB.
CALL TRANSACTION 'MB11'
USING G_T_BDCDATA
MODE
'E'
UPDATE 'S'
MESSAGES INTO G_T_MESSTAB.
All the error messages will be trapped inside G_T_MESSTAB.
5: What is the use of program RSBDCSUB?
There are two ways to process the BDC sessions:
1) Go to SM35 ---> Choose session ---> hit process.
Now See Question no. 10.
2) Use program RSBDCSUB.
RSBDCSUB schedules the session to be processed in background.
Let's take an example to understand this.
The sessions are created at one point of time and processed at other point of time and this may create a problem: For example: a BDC program creates a session for updating 1500 customers in SAP. However, before this session is processed via SM35, a user inserts 100 customers in the system manually. In this case, the session will have at least 100 errors when the session is processed from SM35.
One way to avoid this is to use the program "RSBDCSUB" in the batch input program itself so that the session is processed as soon as it is created.
RSBDCSUB schedules the session to be processed in background.
There are two ways to process the BDC sessions:
1) Go to SM35 ---> Choose session ---> hit process.
Now See Question no. 10.
2) Use program RSBDCSUB.
RSBDCSUB schedules the session to be processed in background.
Let's take an example to understand this.
The sessions are created at one point of time and processed at other point of time and this may create a problem: For example: a BDC program creates a session for updating 1500 customers in SAP. However, before this session is processed via SM35, a user inserts 100 customers in the system manually. In this case, the session will have at least 100 errors when the session is processed from SM35.
One way to avoid this is to use the program "RSBDCSUB" in the batch input program itself so that the session is processed as soon as it is created.
RSBDCSUB schedules the session to be processed in background.
6: What is the structure of the BDC table?
The BDCDATA consists of the following fields:
PROGRAM [CHAR 40] - Online program name.
DYNPRO [NUMC 4] - Screen number.
DYNBEGIN [CHAR 1] - Flag to indicate the start
of a new screen.
FNAM [CHAR 132] - Field name of a screen field
to be filled with data.
FVAL
[CHAR 132] - The actual value to be filled into the specified screen field.
BDCDATA table structure
|
7: What is the difference between BDC_OKCODE and
BDC_CURSOR?
BDC_OKCODE: is used for storing commands during the
recording. Like '/00' is the command for 'ENTER' Key.
BDC_CURSOR: contains the cursor position. It contains
the field in which cursor will be.
Example code:
Perform bdc_field using
'BDC_CURSOR'
'PROJ-PSPID'.
Perform bdc_field using
'BDC_OKCODE'
'=BU'.
8: What are the 3 methods that we use in sequence in a
Batch input session method?
1) BDC_OPEN_GROUP for opening the Batch Input
Session
2) BDC_INSERT for inserting the transactional
data into SAP
3) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP for
closing the Batch Input Session.BDC_OPEN_GROUP and BDC_CLOSE_GROUP are called only once.
General Information about a session is stored in table APQI.
Transaction data for a session is stored in table APQD.
9: What is your approach for writing a BDC program?
Identify the Tcode and do the recording in SHDB to populate the BDCDATA.
Once the recording is done , one can Transfer it to the Batch input program.
In the batch Input program , The transactional data is read from the
file to an internal table.
Then one can loop over the transactional data in the internal table and start uploading the data in SAP either by CALL TRANSACTION method or by creating sessions through the batch input program.
Then one can loop over the transactional data in the internal table and start uploading the data in SAP either by CALL TRANSACTION method or by creating sessions through the batch input program.
10: How do you process errors in Session method?
You can go to Transaction SM35, Choose the session name and
click on Process.
11: What are the different modes of processing batch input sessions?
The three modes are:
Foreground
Display Errors Only
Background.
12: What is the difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous Update?
In Synchronous update, the database is updated before the next transaction is taken for processing in a batch input.
In Asynchronous update, the system doesn't wait for updating the database before the next transaction is taken for processing in a batch input.
13: What is the transaction for Recording BDC?
The Tcode is SHDB.
14: How do you read files from the Application server?
14: How do you read files from the Application server?
You can use the commands:
OPEN DATASET ---> opens the file(dataset) either in read /write mode.
READ DATASET ---> Read the file
CLOSE DATASET ---> Close the dataset once the date has been read.
OPEN DATASET ---> opens the file(dataset) either in read /write mode.
READ DATASET ---> Read the file
CLOSE DATASET ---> Close the dataset once the date has been read.
15: How do you read files from the presentation server?
You can use the Function Modules:
GUI_UPLOAD --> to read data from file into an internal table
GUI_DOWNLOAD --> to write data from internal table to a file on presentation server.
GUI_UPLOAD --> to read data from file into an internal table
GUI_DOWNLOAD --> to write data from internal table to a file on presentation server.
Internal Tables
1. What is an internal table?
Internal table is a temporary table stored in the RAM of
the application server. It gets created during the program execution and gets
deleted once the program ends.
2. Different types of internal table?
Standard table
Sorted table
Hashed table.
3. What is the difference between COLLECT and APPEND statements?
APPEND statement adds a new record to the end of the
internal table. COLLECT statement adds a new record to the end of the internal
table if there is no record already exists in the internal table with the same
key. If a record exits in the internal table with the same key then COLLECT
adds the numeric values in the work area to the existing record.
4. How do you delete duplicate records from internal table?
Use SORT and DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES statements to
delete the duplicate records from internal table.
5. How do you find number of records present in internal table?
Use DESCRIBE TABLE statement.
6. What is the difference between REFRESH and FREE statements?
REFRESH clears the contents of the internal table but the
memory remains allocated. FREE clears the contents of the internal table and
releases the memory space.
7. What are the different control break statements available
inside a loop?
AT FIRST / ENDAT
AT LAST / ENDAT
AT NEW / ENDAT
AT END OF / ENDAT
SUM
ON CHANGE OF / ENDON.
8. What is the purpose of AT FIRST and AT LAST?
AT FIRST is used to write headings and loop initialization
process. AT LAST is used to write grand totals and loop termination processing.
9. What is the purpose of SUM statement?
SUM statement is used to calculate the totals for the rows
of a control level.
10. Can we use ON CHANGE OF between SELECT and ENDSELECT?
Yes. It can be used in any loop construct. It can be used
within LOOP AT/ENDLOOP, SELECT/ENDSELECT, DO/ENDDO and WHILE/ENDWHILE.
Reports
1. What is a report?
Report is a program used to fetch data from the database
tables and display it on the screen. It has 2 screens selection screen (optional)
and list or output screen.
2. When the TOP-OF-PAGE event does get triggered?
TOP-OF-PAGE event will be triggered when the first ULINE,
WRITE or SKIP statement occurs in a program.
3. What is the difference between SKIP and RESERVE?
SKIP provides empty space between lines, while RESERVE
executes a page break on the current page if the number of lines between
current line and the page footer is less than the number specified in RESERVE
statement.
4. What is the difference between SKIP and NEW-LINE?
SKIP generates a blank line, while the NEW-LINE causes the
control to move to next line.
5. What is hotspot?
Hotspot is an area on the list where the mouse pointer
turns into an upright hand symbol. A single click on the hotspot does the same
thing as a double-click.
6. What does HIDE statement do?
The HIDE statement hides the contents of the line along
with the line numbers in a system defined HIDE area. This is used in
interactive reporting.
7. What are the events in classical reports?
INITIALIZATION
AT SELECTION-SCREEN
START-OF-SELECTION
END-OF-SELECTION
TOP-OF-PAGE
END-OF-PAGE.
8. How many detail lists can be created in interactive reporting?
20.
9. What is the name of the system variable that holds the contents
of the selected line in interactive reporting?
SY-LISEL.
10. Can we set page headers to details lists?
Yes. Use TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION event.
Sap Abap Interview
FAQ
What is an ABAP?
ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL.
ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL.
What is an ABAP data dictionary?
ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
What are domains and data element?
Domains: Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
Domains: Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
What is foreign key relationship?
A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
Describe data classes?
Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data: It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.
Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data: It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.
What are indexes?
Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.
Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.
Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables?
Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary
has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds
to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the
dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled
tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database.
Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table
are stored in table pool at the database level.
What is an ABAP/4 Query?
ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
What is BDC programming?
Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC (Batch Data Communications). The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.
Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC (Batch Data Communications). The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.
What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?
These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.
These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.
What are internal tables?
Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.
Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.
What is ITS?
What are the merits of IT’S? - ITS is an Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the IT’S outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
What are the merits of IT’S? - ITS is an Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the IT’S outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
What is DynPro?
DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
What are screen painter and menu painter?
Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
What are the components of SAP scripts?
SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.
SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.
What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?
ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
What are the events in ABAP/4 language?
Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection,
end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command,
At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
What is CTS and what do you know about it?
The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/
dis-advantages of logical databases?
To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i) check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii) Meaningful data selection. iii) Central authorization checks for database accesses. iv) Good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii) There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i) check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii) Meaningful data selection. iii) Central authorization checks for database accesses. iv) Good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii) There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
What is a batch input session?
BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
How to upload data using CATT ?
These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
What is Smart Forms?
Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
How can I make a differentiation between dependent and
independent data?
Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
What is the difference between macro and subroutine?
Macros can only be used in the program they are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program they are defined in and other programs. A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.
Macros can only be used in the program they are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program they are defined in and other programs. A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.
What is the differences between structure and table in data
dictionary in ABAP?
Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure.
1. Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store.
2. Table can have primary key but a structure does not have.
3. Table can have the technical attribute but a structure does not have.
Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure.
1. Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store.
2. Table can have primary key but a structure does not have.
3. Table can have the technical attribute but a structure does not have.
What is the difference between collect and sum?
SUM.
When processing an internal table in a block starting with LOOP and concluded by ENDLOOP , SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P (see also ABAP/4 number types ) and places them in the LOOP output area (header line of the internal table or an explicitly specified work area).
When you use SUM in a LOOP with an explicitly specified output area, this output area must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.When using LOOP to process a sorted extract (see SORT ), the control total of f at the end of the group appears in the field SUM(f) - - if f is type I , F or P .
COLLECT.
COLLECT is used to create unique or compressed datsets. The key fields are the default key fields of the internal table itab .
If you use only COLLECT to fill an internal table, COLLECT makes sure that the internal table does not contain two entries with the same default key fields.
If, besides its default key fields, the internal table contains number fields,the contents of these number fields are added together if the internal table already contains an entry with the same key fields.
If the default key of an internal table processed with COLLECT is blank, all the values are added up in the first table line.
If you specify wa INTO, the entry to be processed is taken from the explicitly specified work area wa . If not, it comes from the header line of the internal table itab.
After COLLECT, the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the - existing or new - table entry with default key fields which match those of the entry to be processed.
COLLECT can create unique or compressed datasets and should be used precisely for this purpose. If uniqueness or compression are unimportant, or two values with identical default key field values could not possibly occur in your particular task, you should use APPEND instead. However, for a unique or compressed dataset which is also efficient, COLLECT is the statement to use.
If you process a table with COLLECT, you should also use COLLECT to fill it. Only by doing this can you guarantee that the internal table will actually be unique or compressed, as described above and COLLECT will run very efficiently.
If you use COLLECT with an explicitly specified work area, it must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.
SUM.
When processing an internal table in a block starting with LOOP and concluded by ENDLOOP , SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P (see also ABAP/4 number types ) and places them in the LOOP output area (header line of the internal table or an explicitly specified work area).
When you use SUM in a LOOP with an explicitly specified output area, this output area must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.When using LOOP to process a sorted extract (see SORT ), the control total of f at the end of the group appears in the field SUM(f) - - if f is type I , F or P .
COLLECT.
COLLECT is used to create unique or compressed datsets. The key fields are the default key fields of the internal table itab .
If you use only COLLECT to fill an internal table, COLLECT makes sure that the internal table does not contain two entries with the same default key fields.
If, besides its default key fields, the internal table contains number fields,the contents of these number fields are added together if the internal table already contains an entry with the same key fields.
If the default key of an internal table processed with COLLECT is blank, all the values are added up in the first table line.
If you specify wa INTO, the entry to be processed is taken from the explicitly specified work area wa . If not, it comes from the header line of the internal table itab.
After COLLECT, the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the - existing or new - table entry with default key fields which match those of the entry to be processed.
COLLECT can create unique or compressed datasets and should be used precisely for this purpose. If uniqueness or compression are unimportant, or two values with identical default key field values could not possibly occur in your particular task, you should use APPEND instead. However, for a unique or compressed dataset which is also efficient, COLLECT is the statement to use.
If you process a table with COLLECT, you should also use COLLECT to fill it. Only by doing this can you guarantee that the internal table will actually be unique or compressed, as described above and COLLECT will run very efficiently.
If you use COLLECT with an explicitly specified work area, it must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.
How we format the data before before write statement in report?
We can format the reports output by using the loop events like:
1.at first
2.at new
3.at last
etc check docu
We can format the reports output by using the loop events like:
1.at first
2.at new
3.at last
etc check docu
What is the difference between Table and Template?
Table is a dynamic and template is a static.
Table is a dynamic and template is a static.
When do we use End-of-selection?
End-of-selection event are mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will be done in End-of-selection event.
End-of-selection event are mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will be done in End-of-selection event.
In events start-of-selection is default event. When we have to
use this event explicitly? Why?
The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitely this event when you are writing other than ths event , that is when you write AT SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitely mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic.
Before these events called, all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event.
The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitely this event when you are writing other than ths event , that is when you write AT SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitely mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic.
Before these events called, all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event.
What is the differences between ABAP and OOABAP? In which
situation we use OOABAP?
OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms...etc.where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.
OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms...etc.where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.
What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer?
Buffer is nothing but a memory area. Table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. When you call data from database table it will come from application server.
Transparent and pooled tables are buffered. Cluster tables cannot buffered.
Buffer is nothing but a memory area. Table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. When you call data from database table it will come from application server.
Transparent and pooled tables are buffered. Cluster tables cannot buffered.
What is the use of pretty printer?
Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding?
Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor, like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system settings.
We can call the function module in the ABAP Code .Press the Pattern button on Appl. tool bar then u will get box where u write the function module NAME which u want to call in the code by selecting the radio button CALL FUNCTION. In this way we link function module to ABAP Code.
Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding?
Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor, like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system settings.
We can call the function module in the ABAP Code .Press the Pattern button on Appl. tool bar then u will get box where u write the function module NAME which u want to call in the code by selecting the radio button CALL FUNCTION. In this way we link function module to ABAP Code.
What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP memory?
Answer1:
data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory
data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory
Answer2:
sap memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory.
For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some varibles to a particular program in abap memory then those varibles can't be used by anyother program in abap memory i.e., the variables are only for that program and also local to that memory,whereas sap memory can access all the abap memory or else it can perform any kind of modifications.
Answer3:
SAP memory is available to the user during the entire terminal session.
ABAP memory is available to the user during life time of external session.
Answer1:
data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory
data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory
Answer2:
sap memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory.
For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some varibles to a particular program in abap memory then those varibles can't be used by anyother program in abap memory i.e., the variables are only for that program and also local to that memory,whereas sap memory can access all the abap memory or else it can perform any kind of modifications.
Answer3:
SAP memory is available to the user during the entire terminal session.
ABAP memory is available to the user during life time of external session.
What is the difference between Types and like?
Answer1:
TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring.
LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly.
Answer2:
Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas like is a keyword used to copy the existing properties of already existing data object.
Answer3:
type refers the existing data type
like refers the existing data object.
Answer1:
TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring.
LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly.
Answer2:
Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas like is a keyword used to copy the existing properties of already existing data object.
Answer3:
type refers the existing data type
like refers the existing data object.
What is Tcode SE16? For what is it used? Explain briefly?
Answer1:
SE16 is a T-code for object browser.
Generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables. And respective data.
Answer2:
se16 is a data browse and it is used to view the contents of the table and we cannot change or append new fields to the existing structure of the table as we cannot view the structure level display using the se16.
Answer1:
SE16 is a T-code for object browser.
Generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables. And respective data.
Answer2:
se16 is a data browse and it is used to view the contents of the table and we cannot change or append new fields to the existing structure of the table as we cannot view the structure level display using the se16.
What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the
differences?
The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the abap editor in place. In se38 you can go create programs and view online reports and basically do all thedevelopmet of objects in this editor. In se80 ( object navigator) there are additional features such as creating packages,module pool , function group ,classes, programs ( where you can create ur programs) and BSP applications .
The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the abap editor in place. In se38 you can go create programs and view online reports and basically do all thedevelopmet of objects in this editor. In se80 ( object navigator) there are additional features such as creating packages,module pool , function group ,classes, programs ( where you can create ur programs) and BSP applications .
What is difference between dialog program and a report?
Report is a excecutable program
Dialog is a module pool program.It has to be executed via a transaction only.
Dialog programming is used for customization ofscreens
Report is a excecutable program
Dialog is a module pool program.It has to be executed via a transaction only.
Dialog programming is used for customization ofscreens
How do you connect to the remote server if you are working
from the office for the client in remote place.
WAS web application server or ITS are generally used for this purpose. If you are sitting at your office with a server which is in the system and the other server is at the clients place you can generate IDOC, intermidiate documents which carry the data you want to transfer or the documents you want to transfer, these IDOC are interpretted by the system at the recieving end with the message class with which it is bound with. If you want to logon a system which is very distant..then remote login can be used this depends on the internet speed.
WAS web application server or ITS are generally used for this purpose. If you are sitting at your office with a server which is in the system and the other server is at the clients place you can generate IDOC, intermidiate documents which carry the data you want to transfer or the documents you want to transfer, these IDOC are interpretted by the system at the recieving end with the message class with which it is bound with. If you want to logon a system which is very distant..then remote login can be used this depends on the internet speed.
Explain about roll area , Dispatcher, ABAP-Processor.
Answer1:
Roll area is nothing but memory allocated by work process. It holds the information needed by R/3 about programs execution such as value of the variables.
Dispatcher: All the requests that come from presentation server will be directed first to dispatcher. Further dispatcher sends this requests to work process on FIFO (First in And First Out) basis.
Answer2:
Dispatcher recieves the request from client and assigns the request to one of the work process.
Roll area: Each workprocess works in a particular memory that memory is known as Role Area, which consists of User context and session data.
ABAP- Processor: is an interpretor which can execute logic
Answer1:
Roll area is nothing but memory allocated by work process. It holds the information needed by R/3 about programs execution such as value of the variables.
Dispatcher: All the requests that come from presentation server will be directed first to dispatcher. Further dispatcher sends this requests to work process on FIFO (First in And First Out) basis.
Answer2:
Dispatcher recieves the request from client and assigns the request to one of the work process.
Roll area: Each workprocess works in a particular memory that memory is known as Role Area, which consists of User context and session data.
ABAP- Processor: is an interpretor which can execute logic
Which one is not an exit comand? (Exit, cencle, stop,
back)
STOP.
Effect: The statement STOP is only to be used in executable programs
EXIT.
Effect: If the EXIT statement is executed outside of a loop, it will immediately terminate the current processing block.
BACK.
Effect: This statement positions the list cursor on the first position of the first line in a logical unit.
So "Cancle" is not an exit command.
STOP.
Effect: The statement STOP is only to be used in executable programs
EXIT.
Effect: If the EXIT statement is executed outside of a loop, it will immediately terminate the current processing block.
BACK.
Effect: This statement positions the list cursor on the first position of the first line in a logical unit.
So "Cancle" is not an exit command.
What is Field symbol?
Answer1:
You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this example the name of a table control is substituted by a field symbol. Thus you cal call the form with any internal table, using the name of the table control as a parameter.
Example
form insert_row
using p_tc_name.
Field-symbols type cxtab_control. "Table control
assign (p_tc_name) to.
* insert 100 lines in table control
-lines = 100.
Answer2:
fieldsymbol has the same concept as pointer in c,
fieldsymbol don't point to a data type like char, num instead of that it points to the memory block. the syntax for fieldsymbol is
FIELD-SYMBOL.
EG. FOR FIELD SYMBOL.
DATA: DAT LIKE SY-DATUM,
TIM LIKE SY-UZEIT,
CHAR(3) TYPE C VALUE 'ADF'.
FIELD-SYMBOL :.
MOVE DAT TO.
WRITE:/.
MOVE TIM TO.
WRITE:/.
MOVE CHAR TO.
WRITE:/.
The output will be
Today's date
current time
Answer1:
You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this example the name of a table control is substituted by a field symbol. Thus you cal call the form with any internal table, using the name of the table control as a parameter.
Example
form insert_row
using p_tc_name.
Field-symbols
assign (p_tc_name) to
* insert 100 lines in table control
Answer2:
fieldsymbol has the same concept as pointer in c,
fieldsymbol don't point to a data type like char, num instead of that it points to the memory block. the syntax for fieldsymbol is
FIELD-SYMBOL
EG. FOR FIELD SYMBOL.
DATA: DAT LIKE SY-DATUM,
TIM LIKE SY-UZEIT,
CHAR(3) TYPE C VALUE 'ADF'.
FIELD-SYMBOL :
MOVE DAT TO
WRITE:/
MOVE TIM TO
WRITE:/
MOVE CHAR TO
WRITE:/
The output will be
Today's date
current time
What is lock object?
Lock Objects used to synchronize access of several users using same data.
Lock Objects used to synchronize access of several users using same data.
Why BAPI need then BDC?
BAPI"S provide the standard interface to other applications apart from SAP and within different versions of SAP too. Also it is OOD bases so doesn’t depends on screen flow. BDC gets failed if we make changes for screen changes through IMG customization.
BAPI"S provide the standard interface to other applications apart from SAP and within different versions of SAP too. Also it is OOD bases so doesn’t depends on screen flow. BDC gets failed if we make changes for screen changes through IMG customization.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using views in ABAP
programming?
Advantages: view is used to retrieve the data very fastly from the database tables
*memory wastage is reduced
*faster than joins to retrieve the data from database table’s
disadvantages:
view is not a container, it will not hold the data
*view memory is not permanent memory.
Advantages: view is used to retrieve the data very fastly from the database tables
*memory wastage is reduced
*faster than joins to retrieve the data from database table’s
disadvantages:
view is not a container, it will not hold the data
*view memory is not permanent memory.
How data is stored in cluster table?
A cluster table contains data from multiple DDIC tables.
It stores data as a name value pair (varkey, vardata).
A cluster table contains data from multiple DDIC tables.
It stores data as a name value pair (varkey, vardata).
Have you used performance tuning? What major steps will you use
for these?
First of all tuning can be done
In three ways: disk i/o ,sql tuning , memory tuning,
Before tuning u have to get the status of your database using
Oracle utility called stat pack , tkprof, then you should go for tuning.
First of all tuning can be done
In three ways: disk i/o ,sql tuning , memory tuning,
Before tuning u have to get the status of your database using
Oracle utility called stat pack , tkprof, then you should go for tuning.
How to create client independent tables?
Client independent tables:
the table in which the first field is not mandt is the client independent tables
*mandt is the field with mandt as the data element
*automatically client which we login is populated to mandt.
Client independent tables:
the table in which the first field is not mandt is the client independent tables
*mandt is the field with mandt as the data element
*automatically client which we login is populated to mandt.
What type of user exits have you written?
There are four types
1.function exit
2.menu exit
3.screen exit.
4. Field exit.
These are the user exits.
There are four types
1.function exit
2.menu exit
3.screen exit.
4. Field exit.
These are the user exits.
How can you debug a script form?
SE71 -> give the form name -> utilities -> activate debugger .
SE71 -> give the form name -> utilities -> activate debugger .
How do we debug sap script?
First we need to put Break point in Print program where ever you want to stop the execution.
After in SE71 give your form name and go to Utilities-->Active De-bugger.
Then go to your transaction like VF03 (for Invoice or Credit memo) etc to see the print preview or print the form execute it.
When you execute it the the form Debugging will get activated and you can see your Form execution step by step.
First we need to put Break point in Print program where ever you want to stop the execution.
After in SE71 give your form name and go to Utilities-->Active De-bugger.
Then go to your transaction like VF03 (for Invoice or Credit memo) etc to see the print preview or print the form execute it.
When you execute it the the form Debugging will get activated and you can see your Form execution step by step.
What are the different types of data dictionary objects?
Answer1
Data Dictionary Objects
* Tables
* Views
* Domain
* Data Element
* Type Groups
* Search Helps/Match code Objects
* Lock objects
* Structures
* Table Types
Answer1
Data Dictionary Objects
* Tables
* Views
* Domain
* Data Element
* Type Groups
* Search Helps/Match code Objects
* Lock objects
* Structures
* Table Types
Answer2
the dictionary objects are:
domain
data elements
tables
views
structures
type groups
search helps
lock objects etc which are data base related objects in sap.
the dictionary objects are:
domain
data elements
tables
views
structures
type groups
search helps
lock objects etc which are data base related objects in sap.
What is the step by step process to create a table in data
dictionary?
Answer1
steps to create database tables
1.go to se11
2.give name the database table
3.give short description for the table
4.Give delivery class name as A and data browser / table view maint as Display/maintenence allowed
5.select fields tab
6.give field name data type(user defined element type/built-in-type),short text
7.select technical settings tab ,give data class as appl0 and size category as 0
8.save it
9.go utillities menu click table contents select create and enter the field values then select display in table contents and u can view the table values with field lables
Answer2
bottom to top approach:
_________________________
step 1:
creating a domain:
*se11,select the object type as domain ,name it ,create,description,enter the datatype and length(size),save ,activate
step2:
creating a dataelement;
se11,select the object type as :date element,name it ,create,desc,assign it with a domain what we created now,save,activate it.
step3:
creating a table;
se11,select the object type as table,name it, create,
enter the field name and assign it with the data element instead of assigning a datatype to it,
like this create req fields:
on behalf of this:
table maintainence:
assign the type of the table ie.,A C G L S
NEXT
maintaince:
allowed,not allowed ,allowed with restricions
______________________________________________
fields of a table:(as descripted above)
___________________________________________
techical settings:
A0
OR
A1
AND
BUFFERED OR NON-BUFFERED.
Answer1
steps to create database tables
1.go to se11
2.give name the database table
3.give short description for the table
4.Give delivery class name as A and data browser / table view maint as Display/maintenence allowed
5.select fields tab
6.give field name data type(user defined element type/built-in-type),short text
7.select technical settings tab ,give data class as appl0 and size category as 0
8.save it
9.go utillities menu click table contents select create and enter the field values then select display in table contents and u can view the table values with field lables
Answer2
bottom to top approach:
_________________________
step 1:
creating a domain:
*se11,select the object type as domain ,name it ,create,description,enter the datatype and length(size),save ,activate
step2:
creating a dataelement;
se11,select the object type as :date element,name it ,create,desc,assign it with a domain what we created now,save,activate it.
step3:
creating a table;
se11,select the object type as table,name it, create,
enter the field name and assign it with the data element instead of assigning a datatype to it,
like this create req fields:
on behalf of this:
table maintainence:
assign the type of the table ie.,A C G L S
NEXT
maintaince:
allowed,not allowed ,allowed with restricions
______________________________________________
fields of a table:(as descripted above)
___________________________________________
techical settings:
A0
OR
A1
AND
BUFFERED OR NON-BUFFERED.
Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the
data base physically?
Answer1
NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE, EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.
No,
at the point you will activate your table a same transparent table is going to be create in database
Answer2
Yes, a transparent table (definition) can exist in the data dictionary and not in the database. In this case, it is not activated.
Answer1
NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE, EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.
No,
at the point you will activate your table a same transparent table is going to be create in database
Answer2
Yes, a transparent table (definition) can exist in the data dictionary and not in the database. In this case, it is not activated.
What are the domains and data elements?
Domains:
___________
domains are the dictionary objects that are assigned with constants and data type’s
data elements:
______________
data elements are dictionary objects that are assigned with the domains.
Uses:'
* data elements are used to create relation between tables.
* Data elements are used to transfer the data from one R/3 to another R/3.
* To create search helps.
Domains:
___________
domains are the dictionary objects that are assigned with constants and data type’s
data elements:
______________
data elements are dictionary objects that are assigned with the domains.
Uses:'
* data elements are used to create relation between tables.
* Data elements are used to transfer the data from one R/3 to another R/3.
* To create search helps.
What is a collect statement? How is it different from
append?
APPEND :
IT IS USED TO GET THE RECORD FROM THE INTERNAL TABLE HEADER TO THE BODY AREA
IT ALLOWS DUPLICATION
COLLECT:
IT IS USED TO A GET A RECORD FROM HEADER TO THE BODY AREA BUT IT WILL NOT ALLOW ANY DUPLICATION EXCEPT IF THERE IS ANY NUMERIC FIELS IT ADDS THAT FIELDS DATA BUT NOT AS A NEW RECORD.
APPEND :
IT IS USED TO GET THE RECORD FROM THE INTERNAL TABLE HEADER TO THE BODY AREA
IT ALLOWS DUPLICATION
COLLECT:
IT IS USED TO A GET A RECORD FROM HEADER TO THE BODY AREA BUT IT WILL NOT ALLOW ANY DUPLICATION EXCEPT IF THERE IS ANY NUMERIC FIELS IT ADDS THAT FIELDS DATA BUT NOT AS A NEW RECORD.
On ABAP: Did you set up a workflow? Are you familiar with all
steps for setting up a workflow?
Yes.
Execute the Txn SWDD (Creating a new Workflow).
In the header of the Workflow, define the Business Object and Event you refer to for triggering the Wf.
Create the Steps required for your workflow (Activity).
Inside the Activity, Create the task and assign the Business Object and the related method for that business object.
Activate the Workflow.
Yes.
Execute the Txn SWDD (Creating a new Workflow).
In the header of the Workflow, define the Business Object and Event you refer to for triggering the Wf.
Create the Steps required for your workflow (Activity).
Inside the Activity, Create the task and assign the Business Object and the related method for that business object.
Activate the Workflow.
In the ‘select’ statement what is “group by”?
Group by clause is used to fetch the data from the table by the specified field
ex.select count (*) from emptable group by deptno where deptno = 1.
It is used to find the number of employees present in the specified department no.
Group by clause is used to fetch the data from the table by the specified field
ex.select count (*) from emptable group by deptno where deptno = 1.
It is used to find the number of employees present in the specified department no.
How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table?
WE CAN CREATE A STRUCTURE LIKE THE SAME STRUCTURE AS DATABASE TABLE AND WE CAN USE
SELECT* FROM DATABASE TABLE INTO TABLE ITAB
OR
INSERT INTO ITAB VALUES DATABASE TABLE.
WE CAN CREATE A STRUCTURE LIKE THE SAME STRUCTURE AS DATABASE TABLE AND WE CAN USE
SELECT* FROM DATABASE TABLE INTO TABLE ITAB
OR
INSERT INTO ITAB VALUES DATABASE TABLE.
From Excel to ABAP - Is batch mode possible?
DATA w_file TYPE string.
* Convert the file path into string
w_file = p_input.
* Internal Table should have same field sequence as EXL File.
CLEAR t_upload.
REFRESH t_upload.
* Call function to upload the data into internal table
CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD'
EXPORTING
filename = w_file
filetype = 'ASC'
has_field_separator = 'X'
TABLES
data_tab = t_upload
EXCEPTIONS
file_open_error = 1
file_read_error = 2
no_batch = 3
gui_refuse_filetransfer = 4
invalid_type = 5
no_authority = 6
unknown_error = 7
bad_data_format = 8
header_not_allowed = 9
separator_not_allowed = 10
header_too_long = 11
unknown_dp_error = 12
access_denied = 13
dp_out_of_memory = 14
disk_full = 15
dp_timeout = 16
OTHERS = 17.
IF sy-subrc NE 0.
* MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
* WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. ELSE.
* Delete the first row of heading from the uploaded table
DELETE t_upload INDEX 1.
ENDIF. “IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
SY-UNAME - Logon User Name
Local Object 
Conditions (Transaction Data)
- KONV
Matchcode
Checkbox
DATA w_file TYPE string.
* Convert the file path into string
w_file = p_input.
* Internal Table should have same field sequence as EXL File.
CLEAR t_upload.
REFRESH t_upload.
* Call function to upload the data into internal table
CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD'
EXPORTING
filename = w_file
filetype = 'ASC'
has_field_separator = 'X'
TABLES
data_tab = t_upload
EXCEPTIONS
file_open_error = 1
file_read_error = 2
no_batch = 3
gui_refuse_filetransfer = 4
invalid_type = 5
no_authority = 6
unknown_error = 7
bad_data_format = 8
header_not_allowed = 9
separator_not_allowed = 10
header_too_long = 11
unknown_dp_error = 12
access_denied = 13
dp_out_of_memory = 14
disk_full = 15
dp_timeout = 16
OTHERS = 17.
IF sy-subrc NE 0.
* MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
* WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. ELSE.
* Delete the first row of heading from the uploaded table
DELETE t_upload INDEX 1.
ENDIF. “IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
1. What is SAP R/3?
SAP R/3
refers to Systems Application and Product for data processing Real-time having
a 3 tier architecture i.e. Presentation layer, Application layer and Database
layer.
2. What are the programming standards followed?
3. What are the contents in technical specifications?
There
are five contents in Technical Settings: Data Class, Size Category, Buffering
Permission, Buffering Type and Logging.
4. What is an instance?
When you call a function module, an instance
of its function group plus its data, is loaded into the memory area of the
internal session. An ABAP program can load several instances by calling
function modules from different function groups.
5. How to take care of performance in ABAP Development?
6. What is Function group? Difference between function group and
function module?
Function
Groups act as containers for Function Modules that logically belong together.
Function
Groups
These
cannot be defined in a Function Module.
It
cannot be called.
They
are containers for Function Module.
Function
Modules
These
must be defined in a Function Group.
It can
be called from any program.
They
are not containers for Function Group.
7. What is the difference between ‗Select single * ‗ and ‗Select
upto 1 rows‘?
Select
single *‘– The result of the selection should be a single entry. If it is not
possible to identify a unique entry, the system uses the first line of the
selection. For e.g.
DATA:
ITAB TYPE ZREKHA_EMP.
SELECT
SINGLE * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO ITAB
WHERE
EMPNO = ‗00101‘AND DEPTNO = ‗0010‘.
FROM
and TO CURSOR
End-of-Page
WRITE:
/ ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME, ITAB-DEPTNO.
Select up
to 1 rows -
8. What Function does data dictionary perform?
Central
information repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary
contains data definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data
structures in the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place.
This eliminates redundancy.
9. Difference between domain and data element? What are
aggregate object?
Domain
- Specifies the technical attributes of a data element - its data type, length,
possible values, and appearance on the screen. Each data element has an
underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis for several data elements.
Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary.
Data
Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical
attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its
field labels and documentation.
Aggregate
Object – Views, Match Code and Lock objects are called aggregate objects
because they are formed from several related table.
10. What is view? Different types of view. Explain?
View -
A view is a virtual table containing fields from one or more tables. A virtual
table that does not contain any data, but instead provides an
application-oriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables.
Different
Types of View:
Maintenance
Database
– It is on more than two tables.
Projection
– It is only on one table.
Help
11. Can u print decimals
in type N? What is difference between float and packed data type?
No, we cannot print decimals in type N because
decimal places are not permitted with N data type.
Float
Data Type: It cannot be declared in Parameters.
Packed
Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For e.g.
PARAMETERS:
A (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
B (4)
TYPE P DECIMALS 2.
DATA: C
(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2.
C = A +
B.
WRITE:
/ ‗THE SUM IS‘, C.
12. What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?
A step
loop is a repeated series of field-blocks in a screen. Each block can contain
one or more fields, and can extend over more than one line on the screen.
Step
loops as structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can
contain more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP…ENDLOOPs
in the flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP…ENDLOOPs must exactly
parallel the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the
system which loop processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are
ordered primarily by screen row, and secondarily by screen column.
Transaction
TZ61 (development class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the table you
saw in transaction TZ60.
Static
and Dynamic Step Loops
Step
loops fall into two classes: static and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed
size that cannot be changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in
size. If the user resizes the window, the system automatically increases or
decreases the number of step loop blocks displayed. In any given screen, you
can define any number of static step loops, but only a single dynamic one.
You
specify the class for a step loop in the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen
has the attributes Looptype (fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loopcount. If
a loop is fixed, the Loopcount tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for
the loop. This number can never change.
Programming
with static and dynamic step loops is essentially the same. You can use both
the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both types.
Looping
in a Step Loop
When
you use LOOP AT with a step loop, the system
automatically displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll
bars, and the updated (scrolled) table display, are managed by the system.
Use the
following additional parameters if desired:
FROM
What is
the initial value and maximum length of all data type?
Ans
Data Type
|
Initial field length
|
Valid field length
|
Initial value
|
Meaning
|
Numeric types
|
||||
I
|
4
|
4
|
0
|
Integer (whole number)
|
F
|
8
|
8
|
0
|
Floating point number
|
P
|
8
|
1 – 16
|
0
|
Packed number
|
Character types
|
||||
C
|
1
|
1 – 65535
|
‘ … ‘
|
Text field (alphanumeric characters)
|
D
|
8
|
8
|
‘00000000′
|
Date field (Format: YYYYMMDD)
|
N
|
1
|
1 – 65535
|
‘0 … 0′
|
Numeric text field (numeric characters)
|
T
|
6
|
6
|
‘000000′
|
Time field (format: HHMMSS)
|
Hexadecimal type
|
||||
X
|
1
|
1 – 65535
|
X’0 … 0′
|
Hexadecimal field
|
13. What are the ways to find out the tables used in the program?
14. Can you have two detail lists from the basic list at the
same time?
15. If yes how and if no why?
16. What function module upload data from application server?
17. What are the various types of selection screen event?
SELECTION-SCREEN
BEGIN OF BLOCK ABC WITH FRAME TITLE T01.
SELECTION-SCREEN
BEGIN OF SCREEN 500 AS WINDOW.
CALL
SELECTION-SCREEN 500 STARTING AT 10 10.
18. What do you know about a client?
19. What are the system fields? Explain?
The ABAP system fields are active in all ABAP
programs. They are filled by the runtime environment, and you can query their
values in a program to find out particular states of the system. Although they
are variables, you should not assign your own values to them, since this may
overwrite information that is important for the normal running of the program.
However, there are some isolated cases in which you may need to overwrite a
system variable. For example, by assigning a new value to the field SY-LSIND,
you can control navigation within details lists.
20. What is SAP Script? What is the purpose of SAP Script?
Difference between
SAP Script and Report?
SAP Script – It is the integrated text
management system of the SAP R/3 System. Two types – PC Editor & Line
Editor.
Reports
- It is the way to display data fetched from database table onto screen or
directly output it to a printer. Two types – Classical and Interactive.
21. What is the use of
occurs in internal table? Can u change occurs value in program?
Use of
Occurs - If you use the OCCURS parameter, the value of the INITIAL SIZE of the
table is returned to the variable
Data: Begin of ITAB occurs 0,
End of
ITAB.
Occurs
or Initial Size – to specify the initial amount of memory that should be
assigned to the table.
Yes, we
can change the occurs value in program but output remains the same.
22. Difference between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX? Where it is used?
23. Can u check SY-SUBRC after perform?
SY-TABIX
- Current line of an internal table. SY-TABIX is set by the statements below,
but only for index tables. The field is either not set or is set to 0 for
hashed tables.
APPEND
sets SY-TABIX to the index of the last line of the table, that is, it contains
the overall number of entries in the table.
COLLECT
sets SY-TABIX to the index of the existing or inserted line in the table. If
the table has the type HASHED TABLE, SY-TABIX is set to 0.
LOOP AT
sets SY-TABIX to the index of the current line at the beginning of each loop
lass. At the end of the loop, SY-TABIX is reset to the value that it had before
entering the loop. It is set to 0 if the table has the type HASHED TABLE.
READ
TABLE sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line read. If you use a binary
search, and the system does not find a line, SY-TABIX contains the total number
of lines, or one more than the total number of lines. SY-INDEX is undefined if
a linear search fails to return an entry.
SEARCH
FOR sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line in which the
search string is found.
SY_INDEX
- In a DO or WHILE loop, SY-INDEX contains the number of loop passes including
the current pass.
24. What are the different functions used in sap script? What
are the parameters used in each Function?
There
are three different functions used in SAP Script:
OPEN_FORM
WRITE_FORM
CLOSE_FORM
Parameters
in Each Function:
OPEN_FORM–
Exporting
Form
Language
WRITE_FORM–
Exporting
Element
Window
CLOSE_FORM
25. What is sequence of event triggered in report?
There
are 6 events in report:
Initialization
At
Selection-Screen
Start-of-Selection
Get
Get
Late
End-of-Selection
7) Top-of-Page
End-of-Page
At Line
Selection
At User
Command
At PF
(nn)
26. What are standard layouts sets in the SAP Script?
There
are four standard layouts in the SAP Script:
Header
Logo
Main
Window
Footer
27. Difference between UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD?
UPLOAD
- File transfer with
dialog from presentation server file to internal table. Data which is available
in a file on the presentation server is transferred in an internal table. ASCII
& Binary files can be transferred.
WS_UPLOAD
- To read data from the presentation server into an internal table without a
user dialog, use the function module WS_UPLOAD. The most important parameters
are listed below.
Parameters
|
Function
|
CODEPAGE
|
Only for upload under DOS: Value IBM
|
FILENAME
|
Filename
|
FILETYPE
|
File type
|
28. Why did u switch to SAP?
29. What is a Logical Database?
Logical
Databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to
application programs.
Use of
LDB – is used to read data from database tables by linking them to executable
ABAP programs.
30. What are the events used for Logical Database?
Two Events –
1) GET
- This is the most important event for executable programs that use a logical
database. It occurs when the logical database has read a line from the node
And
made it available to the program in the work area declared using the statement
NODES
. The
depth to which the logical database is read is determined by the GET
statements2) PUT -
The PUT
statement directs the program flow according to the structure of
The
logical database.
30) What is the difference between Get and Get Late?
GET -
After the logical database has read an entry from the node
.GET
LATE - After all of the nodes of the logical database have been processed that
are below
In the database hierarchy.
31) What are the data types of Internal Tables?
There
are three types:
Line
Key
Table
32) What are the events used in ABAP in the order of execution?
Events
are:
INITIALIZATION
AT
SELECTION-SCREEN
AT
SELECTION-SCREEN ON
START-OF-SELECTION
TOP-OF-PAGE
TOP-OF-PAGE
DURING LINE SELECTION
END-OF-PAGE
END-OF-SELECTION
AT
USER-COMMAND
AT
LINE-SELECTION
AT PF
GET
GET
LATE.
AT User
Command
33. What are Interactive Reports?
An output list which displays just the basic
details & allow user to interact, so that a new list is populated based on
user-selection. With interactive list, the user can actively control data retrieval and
display during the session.
34. What are the commands used for interactive reports?
Top-of-Page
during line-selection
35. What are the system fields u have worked with? Explain?
I had worked with the following (30) system
fields:
SY-DBSYS
- Central Database
SY-HOST
- Server
SY-OPSYS
- Operating System
SY-SAPRL
- SAP Release
SY-SYSID
- System Name
SY-LANGU
- User Logon Language 7) SY-MANDT - Client
SY-UNAME - Logon User Name
SY-DATLO
- Local Date
SY-DATUM
- Server Date
SY-TIMLO
- Local Time
SY-UZEIT
- Server Time
SY-DYNNR
- Screen Number
SY-REPID
- Current ABAP program
SY-TCODE
- Transaction Code
SY-ULINE
- Horizontal Line
SY-VLINE
- Vertical Line
SY-INDEX
- Number of current loop Pass
SY-TABIX
- Current line of internal table
SY-DBCNT
- Number of table entries processed
SY-SUBRC
- Return Code
SY-UCOMM
- Function Code
SY-LINCT
- Page Length of list
SY-LINNO
- Current Line
SY-PAGNO
- Current Page Number
SY-LSIND
- Index of List
SY-MSGID
- Message Class
SY-MSGNO
- Message Number
SY-MSGTY
- Message Type
SY-SPONO
- Spool number during printing
36. What is the difference between Primary key and Unique Key?
Primary
Key – It can accepts 0 value and cannot be NULL.
Unique
Key – It can be NULL.
37. What is the transaction code for Table maintenance?
SM30
38. If u are using Logical Databases how will u modify the
selection-screen elements?
Select-options:
dname for deptt-dname.
39. What is an RFC?
Remote
Function Call
40. If u are using RFC and passing values to a remote system how
does it work?
41. What are the events in Screen Programming?
There
are two events in Screen Programming:
1. PBO
(Process before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is
processed. 2. PAI (Process after Input) – When the user interacts with the
screen, the PAI event is processed.
POH
(Process on Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You
can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the
end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.
POV
(Process on Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help
(F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks.
At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.
42. What is the significance of HIDE?
Its
stores the click value and display the related record in the secondary list.
43. Where do u code the HIDE statement?
In a
LOOP statement
44. Types of BDC‘s?
There
are two types of BDC‘s:
Transaction
Method
Session
Method
45) Advantages & Disadvantages of different types of BDC‘s?
Transaction
Method:
It is
faster than session method.
While
executing, it starts from starting.
Session
Method:
It is
slower than transaction method.
While
executing, it does not start from starting.
46) What are the events used in Interactive Reports.
There
are three events of Interactive Reports:
At PF (nn)
At
line-selection
At user-command
47. What is an RDBMS?
RDBMS –
Relational Database Management System. It
helps to create relationship between two or more table.
48. What standards u use to follow while coding ABAP programs?
49. What will you code in START-OF-SELECTION &
END-OF-SELECTON & why?
START-OF-SELECTION
SELECT
* FROM DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB
WHERE
DEPTNO IN DEPTNO.
APPEND
ITAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT
ITAB.
WRITE:
/ 10 ITAB-DEPTNO.
HIDE:
ITAB-DEPTNO.
ENDLOOP.
END-OF-SELECTION
50. What are joins and different types joins?
There
are four types of Joins:
Self-Join
Inner
Join
Outer
Join
Equi
Join
51. Which is the default join?
52. How do u display a data in a Detail List?
By using two statements:
Top-of-page
during line-selection
At
line-selection
53) What are the types of windows in SAP Script?
There
are five Standard Layouts in SAP Script:
Page
Window
Page
Window
Paragraph
Format
Character
Format
54) What are the function modules used in a SAP Script driver
program?
There
are three functions used in SAP Script:
OPEN_FORM
WRITE_FORM
CLOSE_FORM
55. What are Extracts?
Extracts are dynamic sequential datasets in
which different lines can have different structures. We can access the
individual records in an extract dataset using a LOOP.
56. How would u go about improving the performance of a Program,
which selects data from?
MSEG & MKPF?
57. How does System work in case of an Interactive Report?
58. What is LUW?
Logical Unit of Work
59. Different types of LUWs. What r they?
Two types of LUW are:
DB LUW
- A database LUW is the mechanism used by the database to ensure that its data
is always consistent. A database LUW is an inseparable sequence of database
operations that ends with a database commit. The database LUW is either fully
executed by the database system or not at all. Once a database LUW has been
successfully executed, the database will be in a consistent state. If an error
occurs within a database LUW, all of the database changes since the beginning
of the database LUW are reversed. This leaves the database in the state it had
before the transaction started.
SAP LUW
- A logical unit consisting of dialog steps, whose changes are written to the
database in a single database LUW is called an SAP LUW. Unlike a database LUW,
an SAP LUW can span several dialog steps, and be executed using a series of
different work processes.
60. What is First event triggered in program?
61. What are various Joins? What is right outer join?
62. How do u find out whether a file exits on the presentation
server?
Ans
eps_get_directory_listing for directory
Systems
fields used for Interactive Lists AND Lists
Interactive
System Fields: SY-LSIND, SY-CPAGE, SY-LILLI, SY-LISEL, SY-LISTI,
SY-LSTAT,
SY-STACO, SY-STARO
Lists:
SY-COLNO, SY-LINCT, SY-LINNO, SY-LINSZ, SY-PAGNO,
SY-TVAR0…..SY-TVAR9,
SY-WTITL
63. Logo in SAP Script?
RSTXLDMC
OR
Steps
for making and inserting Logo in SAP Script:
First
Procedure:
Draw
the picture
Save it
/nSE78
Write
name & Choose Color
Click
on Import
Browse
picture
Enter
Second
Procedure
/nSE71
Insert
Graphics
Execute
Choose
name of BMAP
64. What are the difference between call screens and leave
screen?
Call
Screen: Calling a single screen is a special case of embedding a screen
sequence. If you
Want to
prevent the called screen from covering the current screen completely, you can
use the CALL SCREEN statement with the STARTING AT and ENDING AT CALL SCREEN
1000.
CALL
SCREEN 1000 STARTING AT 10 10 ENDING AT 20 20.
LEAVE
SCREEN statement ends the current screen and calls the subsequent screen.
LEAVE
SCREEN.
LEAVE
TO SCREEN 2000.
65.
If internal table used in for all entries in empty then what happens?
No, records will be displayed.
66. If I forgot some command in SAP Script e.g.: suppress zero
display - How to do find it?
Suppressing
of entire screens is possible with this command. This command allows us to
perform screen processing ―in the background‖. Suppressing screens is useful
when we are branching to list-mode from a transaction dialog step.
67. How to write a BDC - how do u go about it?
Steps
for writing BDC
/nSE38
Declare
Tables, Data (for ITAB) and Data (for BDCITAB)
Call
function ‗Upload‘.
Write
code for the First Screen, Radio Button, Filename, Change Button, Second Screen,
Utilities (Create Entries), Third Screen and save.
Call
transaction ‗SE11‘using BDCITAB mode ‗A‘.
Save,
Check Errors, Activate and Execute.
68. What is Performance tuning?
69. Define Documentation.
70. Brief about Testing of programs.
71. How do u move on to the next screen in interactive
reporting?
Write
code of the following:
Top-of-Page
during line-selection
At
line-selection
73) Create any functions? How to go about it?
Steps
for creating the Functions:
First
Procedure:
/nSE37
Goto
Function
Group (FG)
Create
Group
Name of
FG (ZREKHA_FG)
Short
Text 7) Save
Local Object
Second
Procedure
Environment
Inactive
Object
Function
Group (ZREKHA_FG)
Activate
Back
Third
Procedure
Name of
Function Module (ZREKHA_FM)
Create
Write
FG Name (ZREKHA_FG)
Short
Text
Save
Fourth
Step:
Call
function ‗ZREKHA_FM‘.
74. Function modules used in F4 help.
There
are two types of function modules used in F4 help:
F4IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST
F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST
76) Work most on which module: Name a few tables.
Sales & Distribution Module
Sales
Document: Item Data – VBAP
Sales
Document: Partner – VBPA
Sales
Document: Header Data – VBAK
Sales
Document Flow – VBFA
Sales
Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS
Customer
Master – KNA1
Material
Data – MARA
Conditions (Transaction Data)
- KONV
77) System Table used
Sales
Document: Item Data – VBAP
Sales
Document: Partner – VBPA
Sales
Document: Header Data – VBAK
Sales
Document Flow – VBFA
Sales
Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS
Customer
Master – KNA1
Material
Data – MARA
Conditions (Transaction Data)
- KONV
From a
table how do u find whether a material is used in another material BOM? Ans
78. What is read line?
READ
LINE and READ CURRENT LINE – These statements are used to read data from the
lines of existing list levels. These statements are closely connected to the
HIDE technique.
79. How u used logical database? How is data transferred to
program? Corresponding statement in LDB.
80. How do u suppress fields on selection screen generated by
LDB?
81. Can there be more than 1 main window in SAP Script?
No, there cannot be more than 1 main window in
SAP Script because in WRITE_FORM, it asks for the parameter Window that will
create the problem.
WRITE_FORM–
Exporting
Element
Window
82. Global and local data in function modules.
83. What are the differences between SAP memory and ABAP memory?
ABAP
Memory is a memory area in the internal session (roll area) of an ABAP program.
Data within this area is retained within a sequence of program calls, allowing
you to pass data between programs that call one another. It is also possible to
pass data between sessions using SAP Memory.
SAP
Memory is a memory area to which all sessions within a SAP gui have access. You
can use SAP memory either to pass data from one program to another within a
session (as with ABAP memory) or to pass data from one session to another.
84. What are differences between at selection-screen and at
selection-screen output?
AT
SELECTION-SCREEN event is triggered in the PAI of the selection screen once the
ABAP runtime environment has passed all of the input data from the selection
screen to the ABAP program.
AT
SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT - This event block allows you to modify the selection
screen directly before it is displayed.
85. What are the events?
86. What is get cursor field?
GET
CURSOR statement transfers the name of the screen element on which the cursor
is positioned during a user action into the variable.
GET
CURSOR FIELD [OFFSET] [LINE] [VALUE] LENGTH].
87. What is the inside concept in select-options?
Select-options
specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values.
88. Different Properties of Select-options:
Visible
Length
Match
code Object
Memory
ID
Lowercase
Obligatory
No
Display
Modify
ID
89. What is the difference between occurs 1 and occurs 2?
90. What is the difference between Free and Refresh?
Free - You can use FREE to initialize an
internal table and release its memory space without first using the REFRESH or
CLEAR statement. Like REFRESH, FREE works on the table body, not on the table
work area. After a FREE statement, you can address the internal table again. It
still occupies the amount of memory required for its header (currently 256 bytes).
When you refill the table, the system has to allocate new memory space to the
lines.
Refresh
- This always applies to the body of the table. As with the CLEAR statement,
the memory used by the table before you initialized it remains allocated. To
release the memory space, use the statement
91. What are elements?
92. Can we have more than one selection-screen and how?
Yes, we can have more than one selection
screen.
Selection-screen
begin of block honey with frame title text-101.
Select-options:
deptno for zrekha_deptt-deptno.
Selection-screen
end of block honey.
Selection-screen
begin of block honey1 with frame title text-102.
Select-options:
dname for zrekha_deptt-dname.
Selection-screen
end of block honey1.
93. How to declare select-option as a parameter?
SELECT-OPTIONS:
specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values.
Parameters:
dname like dept-dname.
Select-options:
dname for dept-dname.
94. How can u write programmatically value help to a field
without using search help and match codes?
By using two types of function modules to be
called in SAP Script:
HELP_OBJECT_SHOW_FOR_FIELD
HELP_OBJECT_SHOW
95. What are the differences between SE01, SE09 and SE10?
SE01 -
Correction & Transport Organizer
SE09 -
Workbench Organizer SE10 - Customizing Organizer
96. How to set destination?
97. What are the function module types?
98. What are tables?
Tables: ZREKHA_EMP.
It
creates a structure – the table work area in a program for the database tables,
views or structure ZREKHA_EMP. The table work area has the same name as the
object for which we created it. ZREKHA_EMP must be declared in the ABAP
dictionary. The name and sequence of fields in the table work area ZREKHA_EMP
corresponds exactly to the sequence of fields in the database table, view
definition in the ABAP dictionary.
99. What are client-dependent tables and independent tables?
100. How to distinguish client-dependent tables from independent
tables?
101. What is the use of Table maintenance allowed?
Mark the Table maintenance allowed flag if
users with the corresponding authorization may change the data in the table
using the Data Browser (Transaction SE16). If the data in the table should only
be maintained with programs or with the table view maintenance transaction
(Transaction SM30), you should not set the flag.
102. How to define Selection Screen?
Parameters, Select-options &
Selection-Screen
103. What are the check tables and value tables?
Check
Table: The ABAP Dictionary allows you to define relationships
between tables using foreign keys. A dependent table is called a foreign key
table, and the referenced table is called the check table. Each key field of
the check table corresponds to a field in the foreign key table. These fields
are called foreign key fields. One of the foreign key fields is designated as
the check field for checking the validity of values. The key fields of the
check table can serve as input help for the check field.
Value
Table: Prior to Release 4.0, it was possible to use the value
table of a domain to provide input help. This is no longer possible, primarily
because unexpected results could occur if the value table had more than one key
field. It was not possible to restrict the other key fields, which meant that the
environment of the field was not considered, as is normal with check tables.
In
cases where this kind of value help was appropriate, you can reconstruct it by
creating a search help for
the data elements that use the domain in question, and using the value table as
the selection method.
Check
table will be at field level checking.
Value
table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for
carrid.
104) what is the difference between tables and structures?
Tables:
Data is
permanently stored in tables in the database.
Database
tables are generated from them.
Structure:
It
contains data temporarily during program run-time.
No
Database tables are generated from it.
105) How to declare one internal table without header line
without using structures?
No, we cannot declare internal table without
header line and without structure because it gives error ―ITAB cannot be a
table, a reference, a string or contain any of these object‖.
Code
with Header without Structure
TABLES:
ZREKHA_EMP.
DATA:
ITAB LIKE ZREKHA_EMP OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT
* FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB.
APPEND
ITAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT
ITAB.
WRITE:
/ ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME, ITAB-DEPTNO.
ENDLOOP.
Code
without Header with Structure
TABLES:
ZREKHA_EMP.
DATA:
BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0,
EMPNO
LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNO,
EMPNAME
LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNAME,
DEPTNO
LIKE XREKHA_EMP-DEPTNO,
END OF
ITAB.
SELECT
* FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB.
APPEND
ITAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT
ITAB.
WRITE:
/ ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME, ITAB-DEPTNO.
ENDLOOP.
106. What are lock objects?
Reason for Setting Lock: Suppose a travel
agent want to book a flight. The customer wants to fly to a particular city
with a certain airline on a certain day. The booking must only be possible if
there are still free places on the flight. To avoid the possibility of overbooking,
the database entry corresponding to the flight must be locked against access
from other transactions. This ensures that one user can find out the number of
free places, make the booking, and change the number of free places without the
data being changed in the meantime by another transaction.
The R/3
System synchronizes simultaneous access of several users to the same data
records with a lock mechanism. When interactive transactions are programmed,
locks are set and released by calling function modules (see Function Modules
for Lock Requests). These function modules are automatically generated from the
definition of lock objects in the ABAP Dictionary.
Two
types of Lock: Shared and Exclusive
107. What are datasets? What are the different syntaxes?
The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER)
are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.
OPEN
DATASET [DATASET NAME] FOR [OUTPUT / INPUT / APPENDING]
IN
[BINARY / TEXT] MODE
AT
POSITION [POSITION]
MESSAGE
[FIELD]
READ
DATASET [DATASET NAME] INTO [FIELD]
DELETE
DATASET [DATASET NAME]
CLOSE
DATASET [DATASET NAME]
TRANSFER
[FIELD] TO [DATASET NAME]
108. What are the events we use in dialog programming and
explain them?
There
are two events in Dialog Programming i.e. screen:
1. PBO
(Process before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is
processed. 2. PAI (Process after Input) – When the user interacts with the
screen, the PAI event is processed.
POH
(Process on Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You
can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the
end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.
POV
(Process on Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help
(F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks.
At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.
109. What is the difference between OPEN_FORM and CLOSE_FORM?
OPEN_FORM
– This module opens layout set printing. This function must be called up before
we can work with other layout set function like WRITE_FORM.
WRITE_FORM
– Output text element in form window. The specified element of the layout set
window entered is output. The element must be defined in the layout set.
CLOSE_FORM
– End layout set printing. Form printing started with OPEN_FORM is completed.
Possible closing operations on the form last opened are carried out. Form
printing must be completed by this function module. If this is not carried out,
nothing is printed or displayed on the screen.
110. What are the page windows? How many main windows will be
there in a page window?
Page
Window: In this window, we define the margins for left, width, upper and height
for the layout of Header, Logo, Main, & Footer.
111. What are control events in a loop?
Control
level processing is allowed within a LOOP over an internal table. This means
that we can divide sequences of entries into groups based on the contents of
certain fields.
AT
. ENDAT.
You can
react to the following control level changes:
Meaning
|
|
FIRST
|
First
line of the internal table
|
LAST
|
Last
line of the internal table
|
NEW
|
Beginning
of a group of lines with the same contents in the field
|
END
Of
|
End
of a group of lines with the same contents in the field
|
112. How to debugg a script?
Go to
SE71, give layout set name, and go to utilities select debugger mode on.
113. How many maximum sessions can be open in SAP gui?
There are maximum 6 sessions open in SAP gui.
114. SAP Scripts and ABAP programs are client dependent or not?
Why?
115. What are System Variable?
System
variables have been predefined by SAP. We can use these variables in formulas
or, for example, to pass on certain pieces of information to a function module.
How the function called by the function module behaves depends on the type of
information passed on.
At
present, we can use the following system variables:
System
Variable
|
Use
|
Meaning
|
SY_MODE
|
In
function modules
|
Current
mode of the PI sheet
|
SY_TEST
|
In
function modules
|
Status
of the PI sheet (test or active)
|
SY_ROW
|
In
function modules
|
Current
table line
|
SY_VALUE
or X
|
Generally
|
Refers
to the immediately preceding input value
|
116. Is it compulsory to use all the events in Reports?
117. What is the difference between sum and collect?
Sum:
You can only use this statement within a LOOP. If you use SUM in an AT - ENDAT
block, the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines in the
current line group and writes them to the corresponding fields in the work
area. If you use the SUM statement outside an AT - ENDAT block (single entry
processing), the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines
of the internal table in each loop pass and writes them to the corresponding
fields of the work area. It therefore only makes sense to use the SUM statement
in AT…ENDAT blocks.
If the
table contains a nested table, you cannot use the SUM statement. Neither can
you use it if you are using a field symbol instead of a work area in the LOOP
statement.
Collect:
118. What are session method and call transaction method and
explain about them?
Session
method – Use the BDC_OPEN_GROUP to create a session. Once we have created a
session, then we can insert the batch input data into it with BDC_INSERT. Use
the
BDC_INSERT
to add a transaction to a batch input session. We specify the transaction that
is to be started in the call to BDC_INSERT. We must provide a BDCDATA structure
that contains all the data required to process the transaction completely. Use
the BDC_CLOSE_GROUP to close a session after we have inserted all of our batch
input data into it. Once a session is closed, it can be processed.
Call
Transaction -
In this
method, we use CALL TRANSACTION USING to run an SAP transaction. External data
does not have to be deposited in a session for later processing. Instead, the
entire batch input process takes place inline in our program.
119. If you have 10000 records in your file, which method you
use in BDC?
Call
transaction is faster than session method. But usually we use session method in
real time…because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to
database and if any errors in a session, then process will not complete until
session get correct.
120. What are different modes of Call Transaction method and
explain them?
There
are three modes of Call Transaction method:
A –
Display All Screens
E – Display
Errors
N –
Background Processing
121. What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?
HEADER,
BODY, FOOTER.
122. What are field symbols and field groups? Have you used
―component idx of structure‖ clause with field groups?
Field
Symbols – They are placeholder or symbolic names for the other fields. They do
not physically reserve space for a field, but point to its contents. It can
point to any data objects.
Field-symbols
Field
Groups – Field groups does not reserve storage space but contains pointers to
existing fields.
An
extract dataset consists of a sequence of records. These records may have
different structures. All records with the same structure form a record type.
You must define each record type of an extract dataset as a field group, using
the FIELD-GROUPS statement.
Field-groups
123. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
STEP 1:
CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED
―CONVERSION‖.
STEP 2:
TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED
―SAP
DATA TRANSFER‖.
STEP 3:
DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE
i) Call
transaction (Write the program explicitly) ii) Create sessions (sessions are
created and processed. If success, data will transfer).
124. What is a batch input session?
BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step
between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored
in session i.e. data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program
name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
Create
session – BDC_OPEN_GROUP
Insert
batch input – BDC_INSERT
Close
session – BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
125. What is the alternative to batch input session?
Call
Transaction Method & Call Dialog
126. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session.
We need to submit the program and the batch session in background. How to do
it?
Go to
SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps
(JOB
SCHEDULING)
127. What is the difference between a pool table and a
transparent table and how they are stored at the database level?
Pool
Table -
Many to
One Relationship.
Table
in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the
fields have the different name as in the R3 Table definition.
It can
hold only pooled tables.
Transparent
Table – 1) One to One relationship. 2) Table in the Dictionary has the same
name, same number of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3
Table definition.
3) It
can hold Application data.
128) what are the problems in processing batch input sessions?
How is batch input process different from processing on line?
Two
Problems: -
If the
user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically
removed from the session queue (log remains). However, if session is processed
we may delete it manually.
If
session processing fails, data will not be transferred to SAP database table.
129. Is Session Method, Asynchronous or Synchronous?
Synchronous
130. What are the different types of data dictionary objects?
Different
types of data dictionary objects:
Tables
Views
Data
elements
Structure
Domains
Search
Helps
Local
Objects
Matchcode
131) How many types of tables exist and what are they in data
dictionary?
4 Types
of Tables:
Transparent
tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as
well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Open SQL and Native
SQL can be used.
Pool
tables
Cluster
tables - These are logical tables that are arranged as records of
transparent tables. One cannot use Native SQL on these tables (only Open SQL).
They are not manageable directly using database system tools.
Internal
tables
132. What is the step-by-step process to create a table in data
dictionary?
Steps
to create a table:
Step 1:
creating domains (data type, field length, Range).
Step 2:
creating data elements (properties and type for a table field).
Step 3:
creating tables (SE11).
133. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in
the database physically?
No, Transparent table do exist with the same
structure both in the dictionary as well as in the database, exactly with the
same data and fields.
134. In SAP Scripts, how will u link FORM with the Event Driven?
In PAI, define function code and write code
for the same.
135. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data
elements?
YES. e.g.:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.
Here we
are refering to a data object (SPFLI) not data element.
136. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in
the ABAP programs?
GLOBAL
EXISTANCE (these could be used by any other program without creating it again).
137. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
Once
you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their
structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements:
EXTRACT.
When
the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract
dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT
statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset
EXTRACT
HEADER.
When
you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding
fields.
As soon
as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group, the
structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed.
You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you
try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT
statement, a runtime error occurs.
By
processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you
fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since
you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT
statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine
the structure at the beginning of the program.
138. What is a collect statement? How is it different from
append?
Collect:
If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not
append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area
to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.
Append
– Duplicate entries occurs.
139. What is OPEN SQL vs NATIVE SQL?
Open
SQL
– These statements are a subset of standard SQL. It consists of DML command
(Select, Insert, Update, Delete). It can simplify and speed up database access.
Buffering is partly stored in the working memory and shared memory. Data in
buffer is not always up-to-date.
Native
SQL
– They are loosely integrated into ABAP. It allows access to all functions
containing programming interface. They are not checked and converted. They are
sent directly to the database system. Programs that use Native SQL are specific
to the database system for which they were written. For e.g. to create or
change table definition in the ABAP.
140. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the
disadvantage of using it?
To use
a Native SQL statement, you must precede it with the EXEC SQL statement, and
follow it with the ENDEXEC statement as follows:
EXEC
SQL [PERFORMING
].
ENDEXEC.
There
is no period after Native SQL statements. Furthermore, using inverted commas
(‖) or an asterisk (*) at the beginning of a line in a native SQL statement
does not introduce a comment as it would in normal ABAP syntax. You need to
know whether table and field names are casesensitive in your chosen database.
141. What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP
data dictionary?
ABAP Editor: Tool in the ABAP Workbench in
which you enter the source code of ABAP programs and check their syntax. You
can also navigate from the ABAP Editor to the other tools in the ABAP
Workbench.
142. What are the events in ABAP language?
The events are as follows:
Initialization
At
selection-screen
Start-of-selection
End-of-selection
Top-of-page
End-of-page
At
line-selection
At
user-command
At PF
Get
At New
At LAST
AT END
AT
FIRST
143) what is an interactive report? What is the obvious
difference of such report compared with classical type reports?
An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down
report that produces the list on user’s choice.
Difference:
-
a) The
list produced by classical report doesn‘t allow user to interact with the
system where as the list produced by interactive report allows the user to
interact with the system.
Once a
classical report, executed user loses control whereas Interactive, user has
control.
In
classical report, drilling is not possible where as in interactive, drilling is
possible.
144. What is a drill down report?
It’s an Interactive report where in the user
can get more relevant data by selecting explicitly.
145. How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.
Called
program - SE37 - Creating function group, function module by assigning
attributes, importing, exporting, tables, and exceptions.
Calling
program - SE38 - In program, click pattern and write function name- provide
export, import, tables, exception values.
146) what are the exceptions in function module?
Exceptions:
Our function module needs an exception that it can trigger if there are no
entries in table SPFLI that meet the selection criterion. The exception
NOT_FOUND serves this function.
COMMUNICATION_FAILURE
& SYSTEM_FAILURE
147. How are the date and time field values stored in SAP?
DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS
148. What are the fields in a BDC Tab and BDCDATA Table?
Fields
of BDC_Tab & BDCDATA Table:
Sr.No
Fields - Description
Program
- BDC Module pool
Dynpro
- BDC Screen Number
Dynbegin
- BDC Screen Start
Fname -
Field Name
Fval -
BDC field value
150) Name a few data dictionary objects?
Different
types of data dictionary objects:
Tables
Views
Data
elements
Structure
Match
code
Domains
Search
Helps
Local Objects
151) what happens when a table is activated in DD?
When
the table is activated, a physical table definition is created in the database
for the table definition stored in the ABAP dictionary. The table definition is
translated from the ABAP dictionary of the particular database.
It is
available for any insertion, modification and updation of records by any user.
152. What are match codes? Describe?
It is
similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary
keys or non-primary keys.
153. What transactions do you use for data analysis?
154. What are the elements of selection screen?
There
are 5 elements of selection screen:
Selection-screen
include blocks
Selection-screen
include parameters
Selection-screen
include select-options
Selection-screen
include comment
Selection-screen
include push-button
155. What are ranges? What are number ranges?
Main function of ranges to pass data to the
actual selection tables without displaying the selection screen.
Min,
Max values provided in selection screens.
It is
often necessary to directly access individual records in a data structure. This
is done using unique keys. Number ranges are used to assign numbers to
individual database records for a commercial object, to complete the key. Such
numbers are e.g. order numbers or material master numbers.
156. What are select options and what is the diff from
parameters?
Parameters: We can enter a single value.
PARAMETERS:
PARAM (10).
Select-options:
We can enter low and high value i.e. range has to be specify. By using
NOINTERVAL user can process only single fields.
SELECT-OPTIONS:
DNO FOR DEPT-DNO.
SELECT-OPTIONS:
DNO FOR DEPT-DNO NO-INTERVAL.
SELECT-OPTIONS
declares an internal table, which is automatically filled with values or ranges
of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS, the system creates
a selection table.
SELECT-OPTIONS
FOR.
A
selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH.
The
type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of.
The
SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E
Exclusive (should not apply)
The
OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT Greater than NE Not
equal BT Between LE Less than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains
pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern.
Differences-
PARAMETERS
allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report.
SELECT-OPTIONS
allows users to fill an internal table with a range of values.
Select-options
provide ranges whereas parameters do not.
For
each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by
choosing
Go to -
Text elements - Selection texts - Change.
E.g.: -
Parameters name (30).
When
the user executes the ABAP/4 program, an input field for ‗name‘will appear on
the selection screen. You can change the comments on the left side of the input
fields by using text elements as described in Selection Texts.
158) how do you validate
the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial values in a
selection screen?
The
selection criteria is validated in the processing block of the AT SELECTION
SCREEN event for the input values on the screen and respective messages can be
sent.
To
display initial values in the selection screen:
Use
INITIALIZATION EVENT
Use
DEFAULT VALUE option of PARAMETERS Statement
Use
SPA/GPA Parameters (PIDs).
Validate:
- by using match code objects.
Display:
- Parameters default ‗xxx‘.
Select-options
for spfli-carrid.
Initial
values in a selection screen:
INITIALIZATION.
DNO-LOW
= 10.
DNO-HIGH
= 30 SIGN I.
OPTION
NB.
APPEND
DNO.
159. What are selection texts?
160. What is CTS and what do you know about it?
CTS
stands for Correction and Transport System. The CTS provides a range of
functions that help you to choose a transport strategy optimally suited to your
requirements. We recommend that you follow the transport strategy while you
plan and set up your system landscape.
Correction
and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development
projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the
changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This
documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the
CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape
and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when
planning your development project. For practical information on working with
the Correction and Transport System, see Correction and Transport Organizer and
Transport Management System.
162. When a program is created and need to be transported to
prodn does selection texts always go with it? If not how do you make sure? Can
you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?
163. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of
client independent?
In
commercial, organizational and technical terms, the client is a self-contained
unit in the R3 system, with separate set of Master data and its own set of
Tables. When a change is made in one client all other clients are affected in
the system - this type of objects are called Client independent objects.
164. Are programs client dependent?
Yes,
group of users can access these programs with a client number.
165. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP
programs?
SY-SUBRC, SY-DBCNT, SY-LILLI, SY-DATUM,
SY-UZEIT, SY-UCOMM,
SY-TABIX…..
SY-LILLI
is absolute number of lines from which the event was triggered.
166. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of
lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement?
It is a
standard data type object, which exists only during the runtime of the program.
They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and
for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.
Using
SY-DBCNT.
The
number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record
population.
166) how do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP
programs?
Performance of ABAP programs can be improved
by minimizing the amount of data to be transferred. The data set must be
transferred through the network to the applications, so reducing the amount of
time and also reduces the network traffic.
Some
measures that can be taken are:
Use
views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of better
reusability).
Use
field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *.
Range
tables should be avoided (IN operator)
Avoid
nested SELECTS.
167. What are datasets?
The
sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for
file handling in SAP.
168. How to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs?
Open
SQL has 2 system fields with return codes:
SY-SUBRC
SY-DBCNT
Using
function modules
169. What are Conversion & Interface programs in SAP?
CONVERSION:
Legacy system to flat file.
INTERFACE:
Flat file to SAP system.
170. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?
SAP
supplied BDC programs
RM06BBI0
(Purchase Requisitions)
RMDATIND
(Material Master)
RFBIKR00
(Vendor Masters)
RFBIDE00
(Customer Master)
RVINVB00
(Sales Order)
171. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied
programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why?
Þ
Identify relevant fields
Þ
Maintain transfer structure (Predefined – first one is always session record)
Þ
Session record structure, Header Data, Item (STYPE – record type)
Þ
Fields in session structure – STYPE, GROUP, MANDT, USERNAME, NO DATA
Þ
Fields in header structure – consists of transaction code also – STYPE, BMM00,
TCODE, MATNR and Fields in Item - ITEMS …
Þ
Maintain transfer file – sample data set creation
172. What are logical databases? What are the
advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?
To read
data from a database tables we use logical database.
A
logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an
ABAP/4 program.
Advantages:
- The programmer need not worry about the primary key for each table. Because
Logical database knows how the different tables relate to each other, and can
issue the SELECT command with proper where clause to retrieve the data.
An easy-to-use
standard user interface.
Check
functions, which check that user input is complete, correct, and plausible.
Meaningful
data selection.
Central
authorization checks for database accesses.
Good
read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined
by the application logic.
No need
of programming for retrieval, meaning for data selection
Disadvantages:
-
If you
do not specify a logical database in the program attributes, the GET events
never occur.
There
is no ENDGET command, so the code block associated with an event ends with the
next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
Fast in
case of lesser no. of tables but if the table is in the lowest level of
hierarchy, all upper level tables should be read so performance is slower.
173. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill
down report?
AT
LINE-SELECTION
AT
USER-COMMAND
AT PF.
174. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all
have you used?
175. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query
tool?
Advantages:
No programming knowledge is required.
Disadvantages:
Depending on the complexity of the database tables, it may not be easy for the
user to select the necessary data correctly.
176. What are the functional areas? User groups? How does ABAP
query work in relation to these?
Functional
Areas - By creating functional areas, we can initially select this data. This
ensures that the data is presented to the ABAP Query user in a meaningful way
to accomplish the task, and that only the data that the user may use is
presented.
User
Groups – A user group is a collection of users that work with
about the same data and carry out similar tasks. The members of a user group
can use all programs (queries) created by any user of the group. Changes to
such a program are at once visible to all users. This ensures that all members
of a user group use the same evaluation programs.
ABAP
Query:
It consists of three components – queries, functional areas and user groups.
The functional areas provide the user with an initial set of data in accordance
with the task to be accomplished. All users must be members of at least one
user group. All members of one user group can access the same data as well as
the same program (queries) to create lists.
177. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP
query?
No, it
is not must to use LDB. Apart from it, we have other options:
Table
join by Basis Table
Direct
Read of table
Data
Retrieval by Program
178. What is the structure of a BDC sessions.
BDCDATA
179. What are Change header and detail tables? Have you used
them?
180. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a
BDC batch session?
We will
look into the error log file (SM35). Check number of records already updated
and delete them from input file and run BDC again.
181. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?
We look
into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect
session, we analyze the session to determine which screen and value produced
the error. For small errors in data we correct them interactively otherwise
modify batch input program that has generated the session or many times even
the data file.
182. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the
steps? What are the events driven batch jobs?
Go to
SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps
(JOB
SCHEDULING)
183. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment?
How do you run?
184. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the
relevant table for that?
185. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?
Yes.
186. What is a currency factoring technique?
187. How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program
documentation menu option?
188. What is SAP Script and layout set?
The
tool, which is used to create layout set is called SAP Script. Layout set is a
design, appearance and structure of document.
189. What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set?
Control
Commands, System Commands
190. What is output determination?
191. What is the field length of Packed Number? What is the
default decimal of packed number?
192. What are the different types of data types?
There are three types of data types:
Data
Types
Elementary
Complex References
Fixed
Variable Structure Table Data Object
Variable
193. What is the syntax of Packed Number?
Data: NUM type P decimals 2.
194. What are different types of attributes of Function Module?
There are 6 attributes of FM:
Import
Export
Table
Changing
Source
Exception
195) List of Screen elements. Ans There are 13 screen elements:
i.
Input / output field’s ii. Text fields iii. Checkbox IV. Radio button
v. Push
Button VI. Drop down list vii. Sub screen viii. Table control ix. Tab strip
control
x.
Custom control xi. Box xii. Status icons xiii. OK_CODE fields
196. How many default Tab Strips are there? How to insert more
Tabs in it?
There 2
default Tab strips. Screen painter attributes contain Tab Title, which is used
to insert more tabs in tab strip.
197. How to define Selection Screen?
There
are 3 ways of defining selection screen:
Parameters
Select-options
Selection-Screen
198) what are the properties of Selection Screen?
There
are 11 properties of selection screen:
Default
Memory
ID
Lowercase
Visible
length
Obligatory
Match
code 7) Check
Checkbox
Radio button
Group
No-display
Modify
ID
199. What are the components of Selection Table?
There
are four components of selection table:
Low,
High, Sign, Options
200. How to display or know if the value entered contains
records or not?
SY-SUBRC
201. What are the sequences of event block?
i.
Reports ii. Nodes iii. Data IV. Initialization
V. At
selection-screen VI. Start-of-selection vii. Get deptt viii. Get emp ix. Get
deptt late
x.
End-of-selection xi. Form xii. Endform
201. What are types of Select statements?
SELECT
SINGLE … WHERE …
SELECT
[DISTINCT] … WHERE …
SELECT
* …
202. What are DML commands?
Select,
Insert, Delete, and Modify, Update.
203. What is Asynchronous and Synchronous Update?
Asynchronous
Update – The program does not wait for the work process to finish the update.
Commit Work.
Synchronous
Update – The program wait for the work process to finish the update.
Commit
Work and Wait.
204. Write syntax for Message Error (Report)?
AT
SELECTION-SCREEN.
SELECT
* FROM ZREKHA_DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB WHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO.
ENDSELECT.
If
SY-DBCNT = 0.
MESSAGE
E000 WITH ‗NO RECORDS FOUND‘.
ENDIF.
205. How to see the list of all created session?
There
are two method to see all sessions:
SHDB
(Recording)
206. Write code in SE38 then save, check errors activate and
execute it.
System
Service
Batch input
Session
207) what are the function module in BDC?
There
are three function module in BDC:
BDC_OPEN_GROUP
BDC_INSERT
BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
208) write the steps to execute session method.
Steps
for execution Session Method:
System
Service
Batch
Input
Session
Choose
Session Name
Process
Asks
for Mode (Display All Screen, Display Errors & Background)
Process
209) what are the different types of mode (run code) in Call
Transaction method?
There
are three modes in Call Transaction:
A –
Displays All Screen
E –
Display Errors
N –
Background Processing
210) write the transaction code of Customer Master Data,
Pricing, Inquiry, Quotation and Sales Order.
Customer
Master Data - XD01
Pricing
-
Inquiry
- VA11
Quotation
- VA21
Sales
Order - VA01
- MM01
211. What are the fields of Sales Order?
Transaction
Code of Sales Order: VA01
Table
of Sales Order: VBAK
Order
Type - AUART
Sales
Org – VKORG
Dist
Channel – VTWEG
Division
– SPART
Sales
Office - VKBUR
Sales
Group - VKGRP
212. What are different types of screen keywords?
There
are four types of screen keywords: Module, Loop, Chain and Field.
213. Write special commands of List.
There
are four specials commands of lists: Write, Uline, Skip and New-Page
214. Write the following in different manner.
IF (A
GE B) AND (A LE C)
IF A BETWEEN B AND C
215. What are the different types of ABAP statements?
There
are six types of ABAP statements:
Declarative
- Types, Data, Tables
Modularization
- Event Keywords and Defining Keywords
Control
- If…Else, While, Case
Call -
Perform, Call, Set User Command, Submit, Leave to
Operational
- Write, Add, Move
Database
- Open SQL & Native SQL
216. How data is stored in cluster table?
Each
field of cluster table behaves as tables, which contains the number of entries.
217. What are client dependent objects in ABAP / SAP?
SAP
Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects.
218. On which event we can validate the input fields in module
programs?
In PAI
(Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate
group of fields put in chain and End chain statement.)
219. In selection screen, I have three fields, plant material
number and material group. If I input plant how do I get the material number
and material group based on plant dynamically?
AT
SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL.
CALL
FUNCTION ‗F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST‘
To get
material and material group for the plant.
220. How do you get output from IDOC?
Data in IDOC is stored in segments; the output
from IDOC is obtained by reading the data stored in its respective segments.
221. When top of the page event is triggered?
After
executing first write statement in start-of-selection event.
222. Can we create field without data element and how?
In
SE11, one option is available above the fields strip i.e. Data element / direct
type.
Fields
of VBAK Table.
VBAK –
Sales Document: Header Data
Details
about Sales Organization, Distribution Channel, Division, Sales Group, Sales
Office, Business Area, Outline Agreements, etc
223. Which transaction code can I used to analyze the
performance of ABAP program?
Transaction Code AL21.
224. How can I copy a standard table to make my own Z_TABLE?
Go to
transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button.
Enter the name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z_table name
and press enter.
225. What is runtime analysis? Have you used this?
It
checks program execution time in microseconds. When you go to SE30. If you give
desired program name in performance file. It will take you to below screen. You
can get how much fast your program is.
226. What is meant by performance analysis?
227. How to transfer the objects? Have you transferred any
objects?
228. How did you test the developed objects?
There
are two types of testing
-
Negative testing - Positive testing
In
negative testing, we will give negative data in input and we check any errors
occurs.
In
positive testing, we will give positive data in input for checking errors.
230) how did you handle errors in Call Transaction?
We can
create an internal table like ‗bsgmcgcoll‘. All the messages will go to
internal table. We can get errors in this internal table.
Below
messages are go to internal table. When you run the call transaction.
TCODE
Message
Type
Message
Id
Message
Number
MSGV1
MSGV2
MSGV3
MSGV4
CALL
TRANSACTION TCODE USING BDCDATA MODE A/N/E.
UPDATE
MODE A/S MESSAGE INTO BDCDATA.
THEN
PUT LOOP…ENDLOOP OF BDCMSGCOLL
CALL
FUNCTION ‗FORMAT_WRITE‘
EXPORT
= SYSTEM FIELD
IMPORT
= MSG TEXT ERROR
231. Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is
faster?
Call transaction is faster than session
method. But usually we use session method in real time…because we can transfer
large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a
session, then process will not complete until session get correct.
232. What are the difference between Interactive and Drill down
Reports?
ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on
lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION (double click) or AT USER-COMMAND (pressing a
button). You can use these events to move through layers of information about
individual items in a list.
Drill
down report is nothing but interactive report…drilldown means above paragraph
only.
233. How to pass the variables to forms?
234. What is the table, which contain the details of all the
name of the programs and forms?
Table
contains vertical and horizontal lines. We can store the data in table as
blocks. We can scroll depends upon your wish. And these all are stored in
database (data dictionary).
235. What are Standard Texts?
236. What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled
Tables?
A pooled table is used to combine several
logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary. Pooled tables are logical tables that
must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined.
Cluster
table are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they are
defined. Cluster table can be used to store control data. They can also use to
store temporary data or text such as documentation.
237. What is PF-STATUS?
PF-Status
is used in interactive report for enhancing the functionality. If we go to
SE41, we can get menus, items and different function keys, which we are using
for secondary list in interactive report.
238. Among ―Move‖ and ―Move Corresponding‖, which is efficient
one?
I
guess, ‗move corresponding ‘is very efficient then ‗move ‘statement. Because
usually we use this statement for internal table fields only…so if we give move
corresponding. Those fields only moving to other place (whatever you want).
239. What are the Output Type, Transaction codes, Page Format?
240. Where we use Chain and End chain?
in
Screen Programming
241. Do you use select statement in loop…end loop, how will be
the performance? To improve the performance?
In
select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and
last date by default? Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004
242. What are IDOCs?
IDOCs
are intermediate documents to hold the messages as a container.
243. What are screen painter? Menu painter? Gui status? Etc.
dynpro
- flow logic + screens.
Menu
painter -
GUI
Status - It is subset of the interface elements (title bar, menu bar, standard
tool bar, and push buttons) used for a certain screen.
The
status comprises those elements that are currently needed by the transaction.
244. What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it?
Explain PAI and PBO.
The
control statements that control the screen flow.
PBO -
This event is triggered before the screen is displayed.
PAI -
This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the
data and clicks the pushbutton.
245. Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP?
Create
program-SE93-create transaction code -Run it from command field.
Create
the transaction using object browser (SE80)
Define
the objects e.g. screen, Transactions. – Modules – PBO, PAI.
246. Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what
operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of screen painter
called?
Yes.
Operating
System – Windows based
Screen
Painter – Alpha numeric Screen Painter
247. What are step loops? How do you program page down page up
in step loops?
Step
loops are repeated blocks of field in a screen.
Step
loops: Method of displaying a set of records.
Page
down & Page up: decrement / increment base counter
Index =
base + sy-step1 – 1
248. Is ABAP a GUI language?
Yes,
ABAP IS AN EVENT DRIVEN LANGUAGE.
249. Normally how many and what files get created when a
transaction program is written?
250. What is the XXXXXTOP program?
Main program with A Includes
TOP
INCLUDE – GLOBAL DATA
Include
for PBO
Include
for PAI
Include
for Forms
251. What are they include programs?
When
the same sequence of statements in several programs is to be written repeatedly.
They are coded in include programs (External programs) and are included in
ABAP/4 programs.
252. Can you call a subroutine of one program from another
program?
Yes, only
external subroutines Using ‗SUBMIT‘statement.
253. What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What
precautions are needed?
User
defined functionality included to predefined SAP standards. Point in an SAP
program where a customer‘s own program can be called. In contrast to customer
exits, user exits allow developers to access and modify program components and
data objects in the standard system.
On
upgrade, each user exit must be checked to ensure that it conforms to the
standard system.
There
are two types of user exit:
User
exits that use INCLUDEs - These are customer enhancements that are called
directly in the program.
User
exits that use TABLEs - These are used and managed using Customizing. Should
find the customer enhancements belonging to particular development class.
254. What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side?
255. What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs?
Should start with Y or Z.
256. How do you find if a logical database exists for your
program requirements?
Ans
SLDB-F4.
257. How do you find the tables to report from when the user
just tell you the transaction he uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP
structures?
Transaction code is entered in command field
to open the table – Utilities –
Table
contents display.
258. How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in
SAP?
259. What are the different modules of SAP?
FI, CO, SD, MM, PP, HR.
260. How do you get help in ABAP?
HELP-SAP LIBRARY, by pressing F1 on a keyword.
261. What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the
differences?
262. What are the different elements in layout sets?
PAGES,
Page windows, Header, Paragraph, Character String, Windows.
263. Can you use if then else, perform..etc. statements in sap
script?
Yes.
264. What type of variables normally used in sap script to
output data?
265. How do your number pages in SAP Script layout outputs?
& page & &next Page &
266. What takes most time in SAP script programming?
LAYOUT
DESIGN AND LOGO INSERTION.
267. How do you use tab sets in layout sets?
Define
paragraph with defined tabs.
268. How do you backup SAP Script layout sets? Can you download
and upload? How?
SAP script backup: - In transaction SE71 go to
Utilities -> Copy from client -> Give source form name, source client
(000 default), and Target form name.
Download:
- SE71, type form name -> Display -> Utilities -> form info -> List
-> Save to PC file.
Upload:
- Create form with page, window, and page window with the help of downloaded PC
file.
Text elements
for Page windows to be copied from PC file.
269. What are presentation and application servers in SAP?
The
application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and
the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on
application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation
components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server.
270. In an ABAP/4 program, how do you access data that exists on
Presentation Server vs on an Application Server?
Using loop statements and Flat
271. What are different data types in ABAP/4?
Elementary
-
Predefined:
C, D, F, I, N, P, T, X.
User
defined: TYPES.
Structured
-
Predefined:
TABLES.
User
defined: Field Strings and internal tables.
272. What is difference between session method and Call
Transaction?
Call
Transaction –
Single
transaction
Synchronous
processing
Asynchronous
and Synchronous update
No
session log is created
Faster
Session
–
Multiple
Transaction
Asynchronous
processing
Synchronous
update
Session
log is created
Slower
273. Setting up a BDC program where you find information from?
274. What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting
to a BDC session?
Fields
converted into character type.
275. What is the structure of a BDC sessions?
BDCDATA (standard structure).
276. What are the fields in a BDC Tab Table.
PROGRAM,
DYNPRO, DYNBEGIN, FNAM, FVAL.
277. What do you define in the domain and data element?
Domain - Technical details are defined in
Domain like data type, number of decimal places and length.
Data
Element – Functionality details are defined in Data elements – Field Text,
Column Captions, Parameters ID, and Online Field Documentation.
278. What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent
table and how they are stored at the database level?
Pool tables are a logical representation of
transparent tables. Hence no existence at database level.
279. Whereas transparent tables are physical tables and exist at
database level?
Pool
Table -
Many to
One Relationship.
Table
in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the
fields have the different name as in the R3 Table definition.
It can
hold only pooled tables.
Transparent
Table –
One to
One relationship.
Table
in the Dictionary has the same name, same number of fields, and the fields have
the same name as in the R3 Table definition.
It can
hold Application data.
280. What is cardinality?
For
cardinality one out of two (domain or data element) should be the same for
Ztest1 and Ztest2 tables. M:N Cardinality specifies the number of
dependent(Target) and independent (source) entities which can be in a
relationship.
281. For Sales Document: Item Data, which table is used?
VBAP –
Sales Document, Sales Document Item, Material Number, Material Entered, Batch
Number, Material Group, Target Quantity in Sales Document.
282. What are the types of tables?
Transparent
table 5) Pool table
Cluster
table are data dictionary table objects 6) Sorted table
Indexed
table 7) Hash table 4) internal tables.
283. What are pooled table?
Table
pools (pools) and table clusters (clusters) are special table types in the ABAP
Dictionary. The data from several different tables can be stored together in a
table pool or table cluster. Tables assigned to a table pool or table cluster
are referred to as pooled tables or cluster tables.
A table
in the database in which all records from the pooled tables assigned to the
table pool are stored corresponds to a table pool. The definition of a pool
consists essentially of two key fields (Tabname and Varkey) and a long argument
field (Vardata).
Table
Clusters Several logical data records from different cluster tables can be
stored together in one physical record in a table cluster.
A
cluster key consists of a series of freely definable key fields and a field
(Pageno) for distinguishing continuation records. A cluster also contains a
long field (Vardata) that contains the contents of the data fields of the
cluster tables for this key. If the data does not fit into the long field,
continuation records are created. Control information on the structure of the
data string is still written at the beginning of the Vardata field.
284. What are Hashed Tables?
Hashed tables - This is the most appropriate
type for any table where the main operation is key access. You cannot access a
hashed table using its index. The response time for key access remains
constant, regardless of the number of table entries. Like database tables,
hashed tables always have a unique key. Hashed tables are useful if you want to
construct and use an internal table, which resembles a database table or for
processing large amounts of data.
SAMPLE
PROG: THIS DOES NOTHING.
REPORT
Z_1 .
TABLES:
MARA.
DATA: I
TYPE HASHED TABLE OF MARA WITH UNIQUE KEY MATNR
285. How did you test the form u developed? How did you take the
print of it?
286. How many maximum number of fields can be there in a table?
287. How many primary keys can be there in a table?
288. What are the steps to perform Performance Tuning? What will
you do increase the performance of your system?
299. What is mandatory in Screen Painter?
300. If u are entering large amount of data, and system fails,
then how many records will be entered or no records or half records will be
entered?
301. In Screen Painter, if two fields are mandatory and user do
not want to enter anything but he wants to come out of the screen, then what
will he do?
302. What is At-Exit and User-Exit?
303. How will you find the standard tables, you only know their
names like Customer Master Table?
304. How will change Development Class?
305. How will you call both Function Module and Function Group?
306. What is ALV?
307. What is Chain-Field & Chain-Loop?
308. What is Value-Ranges?
309. How will you provide help for value request particular
fields?
310. How will you find relationship between two or more tables?
311. In BDC‘s, if you forget to write one field, then how will
you modify that field in your BDC program?
Detail
concept of Transport Organizer.
312. Which is slower ―Select *‖ and ―Select field1, field2‖?
313. What are the errors in ―Call Transaction‖?
314. What is QA and production?
315. How will you display only 10 lines in Report?
316. In BDC, if out of 10 records, 7 are successful and there
are 3 records with some missing fields, how will you modify those fields?
317. How will you set breakpoint to 100 messages?
318. How will you set Reports to Background job?
319.What is SAP R/3?
SAP R/3 refers to Systems Application and Product for data
processing Real-time having a 3 tier architecture i.e. Presentation layer,
Application layer and Database layer.
320. What are the programming standards followed?
321. What are the contents in technical specifications?
There are five contents in Technical Settings: Data Class,
Size Category, Buffering Permission, Buffering Type and Logging.
322. What is an instance?
When you call a function module, an instance of its
function group plus its data, is loaded into the memory area of the internal
session. An ABAP program can load several instances by calling function modules
from different function groups.
323.How to take care of performance in ABAP
Development?
324. What is Function
group? Difference between function group and function module?
Function Groups act as containers for Function Modules that
logically belong together. Function Groups 1) these cannot be defined in a
Function Module. 2) It cannot be called. 3) They are containers for Function
Module. Function Modules 1) these must be defined in a Function Group. 2) It
can be called from any program. 3) They are not containers for Function Group.
325. What is the difference between ‗Select single * ‗ and ‗Select
upto 1 rows‘?
Select single *‘– The result of the selection should be a
single entry. If it is not possible to identify a unique entry, the system uses
the first line of the selection. For e.g.DATA : ITAB TYPE ZREKHA_EMP. SELECT
SINGLE * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO ITAB WHERE EMPNO = ‗00101‘ AND DEPTNO = ‗0010‘.
WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO. Select upto 1 rows –
326. What Function does data dictionary perform?
Central information
repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary contains data
definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in
the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates
redundancy.
327. Difference between domain and data element? What are
aggregate object?
Domain - Specifies the technical attributes of a data
element - its data type, length, possible values, and appearance on the screen.
Each data element has an underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis
for several data elements. Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary. Data
Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical
attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its
field labels and documentation. Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock
objects are called aggregate objects because they are formed from several
related table.
328. What is view? Different types of view. Explain?
View - A view is a virtual table containing fields from one
or more tables. A virtual table that does not contain any data, but instead
provides an application-oriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables.
Different Types of View: 1) Maintenance 2) Database – It is on more than two tables.
3) Projection – It is only on one table. 4) Help
329.Can u print decimals in type N? What is difference between
float and packed data type?
No, we cannot print decimals in type N because decimal
places are not permitted with N data type. Float Data Type: It cannot be
declared in Parameters. Packed Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For
e.g. PARAMETERS: A (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2, B (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2. DATA: C (4)
TYPE P DECIMALS 2. C = A + B. WRITE: / ‗THE SUM IS‘, C.
330. What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?
A step loop is a
repeated series of field-blocks in a screen. Each block can contain one or more
fields, and can extend over more than one line on the screen. Step loops as
structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can contain
more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP…ENDLOOPs in the
flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP…ENDLOOPs must exactly parallel
the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the system which loop
processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are ordered primarily
by screen row, and secondarily by screen column. Transaction TZ61 (development
class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the table you saw in transaction
TZ60. Static and Dynamic Step Loops Step loops fall into two classes: static
and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size that cannot be changed at
runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user resizes the
window, the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step loop
blocks displayed. In any given screen, you can define any number of static step
loops, but only a single dynamic one. You specify the class for a step loop in
the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen has the attributes Looptype
(fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loopcount. If a loop is fixed, the
Loopcount tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for the loop. This number
can never change.Programming with static and dynamic step loops is essentially
the same. You can use both the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both types.
Looping in a Step Loop When you use LOOP AT with a step loop, the system
automatically displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll
bars, and the updated (scrolled) table display, are managed by the system. Use
the following additional parameters if desired: FROM and TO CURSOR
331 What is the initial value and maximum length of all data
type?
Data Type Initial field length Valid field length Initial
value Meaning Numeric types I 4 4 0 Integer (whole number) F 8 8 0 Floating
point number P 8 1 – 16 0 Packed number Character types C 1 1 – 65535 ‘ … ‘
Text field (alphanumeric characters) D 8 8 ‘00000000′ Date field (Format:
YYYYMMDD) N 1 1 – 65535 ‘0 … 0′ Numeric text field (numeric characters) T 6 6
‘000000′ Time field (format: HHMMSS) Hexadecimal type X 1 1 – 65535 X’0 … 0′
Hexadecimal field
332. What are the ways to find out the tables used in the
program?
333. Can you have two detail lists from the basic list at the
same time? If yes how and if no why?
334. What function module upload data from application server?
335. What Function does data dictionary perform?
Central information
repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary contains data
definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in
the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates
redundancy.
336. Difference between domain and data element? What are
aggregate object?
Domain - Specifies the technical attributes of a data
element - its data type, length, possible values, and appearance on the screen.
Each data element has an underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis
for several data elements. Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary. Data
Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical
attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its
field labels and documentation. Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock
objects are called aggregate objects because they are formed from several
related table.
337. What is view? Different types of view. Explain?
View - A view is a virtual table containing fields from one
or more tables. A virtual table that does not contain any data, but instead
provides an application-oriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables.
Different Types of View: 1) Maintenance 2) Database – It is on more than two tables.
3) Projection – It is only on one table. 4) Help
338. Can u print decimals in type N? What is difference between
float and packed data type?
No, we cannot print decimals in type N because decimal
places are not permitted with N data type. Float Data Type: It cannot be
declared in Parameters. Packed Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For
e.g. PARAMETERS: A (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2, B (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2. DATA: C (4)
TYPE P DECIMALS 2. C = A + B. WRITE: / ‗THE SUM IS‘, C.
339. What Function does data dictionary perform?
Central information
repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary contains data
definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in
the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates
redundancy.
340. Difference between domain and data element? What are
aggregate object?
Domain - Specifies the technical attributes of a data
element - its data type, length, possible values, and appearance on the screen.
Each data element has an underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis
for several data elements. Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary. Data
Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical
attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its
field labels and documentation. Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock
objects are called aggregate objects because they are formed from several
related table.
341. What is view? Different types of view. Explain?
View - A view is a virtual table containing fields from one
or more tables. A virtual table that does not contain any data, but instead
provides an application-oriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables.
Different Types of View: 1) Maintenance 2) Database – It is on more than two
tables. 3) Projection – It is only on one table. 4) Help
342. Can u print decimals in type N? What is difference between
float and packed data type?
No, we cannot print decimals in type N because decimal
places are not permitted with N data type. Float Data Type: It cannot be
declared in Parameters. Packed Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For
e.g. PARAMETERS: A (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2, B (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2. DATA: C (4)
TYPE P DECIMALS 2. C = A + B. WRITE: / ‗THE SUM IS‘, C.
343. What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?
A step loop is a
repeated series of field-blocks in a screen. Each block can contain one or more
fields, and can extend over more than one line on the screen. Step loops as
structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can contain
more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP…ENDLOOPs in the
flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP…ENDLOOPs must exactly parallel
the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the system which
loop processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are ordered
primarily by screen row, and secondarily by screen column. Transaction TZ61
(development class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the table you saw in
transaction TZ60. Static and Dynamic Step Loops Step loops fall into two
classes: static and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size that cannot be
changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user
resizes the window, the system automatically increases or decreases the number
of step loop blocks displayed. In any given screen, you can define any number
of static step loops, but only a single dynamic one. You specify the class for
a step loop in the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen has the attributes
Looptype (fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loopcount. If a loop is fixed,
the Loopcount tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for the loop. This
number can never change.Programming with static and dynamic step loops is
essentially the same. You can use both the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both
types. Looping in a Step Loop When you use LOOP AT with a step loop, the system
automatically displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll
bars, and the updated (scrolled) table display, are managed by the system. Use
the following additional parameters if desired: FROM and TO CURSOR
344. What is the initial value and maximum length of all data
type?
Ans Data Type Initial field length Valid field length
Initial value Meaning Numeric types I 4 4 0 Integer (whole number) F 8 8 0
Floating point number P 8 1 – 16 0 Packed number Character types C 1 1 – 65535
‘ … ‘ Text field (alphanumeric characters) D 8 8 ‘00000000′ Date field (Format:
YYYYMMDD) N 1 1 – 65535 ‘0 … 0′ Numeric text field (numeric characters) T 6 6
‘000000′ Time field (format: HHMMSS) Hexadecimal type X 1 1 – 65535 X’0 … 0′
Hexadecimal field
14) What are the ways to find out the tables used in the
program? Ans
15) Can you have two detail lists from the basic list at
the same time? If yes how and if no why?
345. What function module upload data from application server?
346. What are the various types of selection screen event?
FROM
and TO CURSOR
End-of-Page
SY-UNAME - Logon User Name
Local Object
347. Name the tables, which is used to see all the transaction
available?
See tables, TSTC and TSTCT for all the
transaction available
List of
SAP supplied Programs.
Details
(5)
|
Program
|
Purchase
Requisitions
|
RM06BB10
|
Material
Master
|
RMDATIND
|
Vendor
Master
|
RFBIKR00
|
Customer
Master
|
RFBIDE00
|
Sales
Order
|
RVINVB00
|
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
|
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
(9)
SAP
SCRIPT PROGRAMS
|
(9)
|
|
Logo
|
RSTXLDMC
|
Debug
|
RSTXDBUG
|
Upload
/ Download (Import / Export)
|
RSTXSCRP
|
Convert
Page Format
|
RSTXFCON
|
Text
File Inconsistent
|
RSTXCHK0
|
Copy
Table Across Client
|
RSCLTCOP
|
Transfer
Scripts Files Across System (Not Clients)
|
RSTXSCRP
|
Comparing
The Contents Of A Table
|
RSTBSERV
|
Change
The Development Class
|
RSWBO052
|
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
|
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
REPORTS
(2)
|
|
Submit
A BDC Job With An Internal Batch Number
|
RSBDCBTC
|
Release
Batch Input Sessions
|
RSBDCSUB
|
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
|
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
|
|
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
STANDARD
PROGRAM
(7)
|
|
Table
Adjustment Across Clients
|
RSAVGL00
|
Extended
Program List
|
RSINCL00
|
Get
The Oracle Release
|
RSORAREL
|
Display
All Instance Parameters
|
RSPARAM
|
Substitution
/ Validation Utility
|
RSUGBR00
|
Check
Passwords Of Users SAP And DDIC In All Clients
|
RSUSR003
|
Last
Users Last Login
|
RSUSR006
|
348. How to schedule a Report in background? What is the use of
background job please explain about it?
There
are 3 ways to schedule in background:
SM36
SE38
SA38
The
easiest of the three is SA38.
349. Why background?
In
foreground jobs are only allowed a certain amount of runtime. Long running jobs
usually times out in foreground, and have to be run background. Some customers
has day-end jobs to fill custom tables, and these only run late at night, so
they are scheduled as background jobs as well. There may be any of a hundred
reasons why you want a job to run in background instead of foreground, and
these are only 2 of them.
What is SAP R/3?
SAP R/3
refers to Systems Application and Product for data processing Real-time having
a 3 tier architecture i.e. Presentation layer, Application layer and Database
layer.
What are the programming standards followed?
What are the contents in technical specifications?
There
are five contents in Technical Settings: Data Class, Size Category, Buffering
Permission, Buffering Type and Logging.
What is an instance?
When
you call a function module, an instance of its function group plus its data, is
loaded into the memory area of the internal session. An ABAP program can load
several instances by calling function modules from different function groups.
How to take care of performance in ABAP Development?
What is Function group? Difference between function group and
function module?
Function
Groups act as containers for Function Modules that logically belong together.
Function
Groups
These
cannot be defined in a Function Module.
It
cannot be called.
They
are containers for Function Module.
Function
Modules
These
must be defined in a Function Group.
It can
be called from any program.
They
are not containers for Function Group.
What is the difference between ‗Select single * ‗ and ‗Select
upto 1 rows‘?
Select
single *‘ – The result of the selection should be a single entry. If it is not
possible to identify a unique entry, the system uses the first line of the
selection. For e.g.
DATA :
ITAB TYPE ZREKHA_EMP.
SELECT
SINGLE * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO ITAB
WHERE
EMPNO = ‗00101‘ AND DEPTNO = ‗0010‘.
WRITE :
/ ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO.
Select
upto 1 rows -
What Function does data dictionary perform?
Central
information repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary
contains data definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data
structures in the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place.
This eliminates redundancy.
Difference between domain and data element? What are aggregate
object?
Domain
- Specifies the technical attributes of a data element - its data type, length,
possible values, and appearance on the screen. Each data element has an
underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis for several data elements.
Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary.
Data
Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical
attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its
field labels and documentation.
Aggregate
Object – Views, Match Code and Lock objects are called aggregate objects
because they are formed from several related table.
What is view? Different types of view. Explain?
View -
A view is a virtual table containing fields from one or more tables. A virtual
table that does not contain any data, but instead provides an application-oriented
view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables.
Different
Types of View:
Maintenance
Database
– It is on more than two tables.
Projection
– It is only on one table.
Help
Can u print decimals in type N? What is difference between float
and packed data type?
No, we
cannot print decimals in type N because decimal places are not permitted with N
data type.
Float
Data Type: It cannot be declared in Parameters.
Packed
Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For e.g.
PARAMETERS
: A(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
B(4)
TYPE P DECIMALS 2.
DATA :
C(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2.
C = A +
B.
WRITE :
/ ‗THE SUM IS‘ , C.
12What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?
A step loop is a repeated series of
field-blocks in a screen. Each block can contain one or more fields, and can
extend over more than one line on the screen.
Step
loops as structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can
contain more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP…ENDLOOPs
in the flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP…ENDLOOPs must exactly
parallel the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the
system which loop processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are
ordered primarily by screen row, and secondarily by screen column.
Transaction
TZ61 (development class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the table you
saw in transaction TZ60.
Static
and Dynamic Step Loops
Step
loops fall into two classes: static and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed
size that cannot be changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in
size. If the user resizes the window, the system automatically increases or
decreases the number of step loop blocks displayed. In any given screen, you
can define any number of static step loops, but only a single dynamic one.
You
specify the class for a step loop in the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen
has the attributes Looptype (fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loopcount. If
a loop is fixed, the Loopcount tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for
the loop. This number can never change.
Programming
with static and dynamic step loops is essentially the same. You can use both
the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both types.
Looping
in a Step Loop
When
you use LOOP AT with a step loop, the system
automatically displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll
bars, and the updated (scrolled) table display, are managed by the system.
Use the
following additional parameters if desired:
FROM
What is
the initial value and maximum length of all data type?
Ans
Data Type
|
Initial field length
|
Valid field length
|
Initial value
|
Meaning
|
Numeric types
|
||||
I
|
4
|
4
|
0
|
Integer (whole number)
|
F
|
8
|
8
|
0
|
Floating point number
|
P
|
8
|
1 – 16
|
0
|
Packed number
|
Character types
|
||||
C
|
1
|
1 – 65535
|
‘ … ‘
|
Text field (alphanumeric characters)
|
D
|
8
|
8
|
‘00000000′
|
Date field (Format: YYYYMMDD)
|
N
|
1
|
1 – 65535
|
‘0 … 0′
|
Numeric text field (numeric characters)
|
T
|
6
|
6
|
‘000000′
|
Time field (format: HHMMSS)
|
Hexadecimal type
|
||||
X
|
1
|
1 – 65535
|
X’0 … 0′
|
Hexadecimal field
|
What are the ways to find out the tables used in the program?
Can you have two detail lists from the basic list at the same
time?
If yes how and if no why?
What function module upload data from application server?
What are the various types of selection screen event?
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK ABC WITH
FRAME TITLE T01.
SELECTION-SCREEN
BEGIN OF SCREEN 500 AS WINDOW.
CALL
SELECTION-SCREEN 500 STARTING AT 10 10.
What do you know about a client?
What are the system fields? Explain?
The
ABAP system fields are active in all ABAP programs. They are filled by the
runtime environment, and you can query their values in a program to find out
particular states of the system. Although they are variables, you should not
assign your own values to them, since this may overwrite information that is
important for the normal running of the program. However, there are some
isolated cases in which you may need to overwrite a system variable. For
example, by assigning a new value to the field SY-LSIND, you can control
navigation within details lists.
What is SAP Script? What is the purpose of SAP Script?
Difference between
SAP Script and Report?
SAP
Script – It is the integrated text management system of the SAP R/3 System. Two
types – PC Editor & Line Editor.
Reports
- It is the way to display data fetched from database table onto screen or
directly output it to a printer. Two types – Classical and Interactive.
What the use is of occurs in internal table? Can u change occurs
value in program?
Use of
Occurs - If you use the OCCURS parameter, the value of the INITIAL SIZE of the
table is returned to the variable
Data: Begin of ITAB occurs 0,
End of
ITAB.
Occurs
or Initial Size – to specify the initial amount of memory that should be
assigned to the table.
Yes, we
can change the occurs value in program but output remains the same.
Difference between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX? Where it is used?
Can u check SY-SUBRC after perform?
SY-TABIX
- Current line of an internal table. SY-TABIX is set by the statements below,
but only for index tables. The field is either not set or is set to 0 for
hashed tables.
APPEND
sets SY-TABIX to the index of the last line of the table, that is, it contains
the overall number of entries in the table.
COLLECT
sets SY-TABIX to the index of the existing or inserted line in the table. If
the table has the type HASHED TABLE, SY-TABIX is set to 0.
LOOP AT
sets SY-TABIX to the index of the current line at the beginning of each loop
lass. At the end of the loop, SY-TABIX is reset to the value that it had before
entering the loop. It is set to 0 if the table has the type HASHED TABLE.
READ
TABLE sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line read. If you use a binary
search, and the system does not find a line, SY-TABIX contains the total number
of lines, or one more than the total number of lines. SY-INDEX is undefined if
a linear search fails to return an entry.
SEARCH
FOR sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line in which the
search string is found.
SY_INDEX
- In a DO or WHILE loop, SY-INDEX contains the number of loop passes including
the current pass.
What are the different functions used in sap script? What are
the parameters used in each Function?
There
are three different functions used in SAP Script:
OPEN_FORM
WRITE_FORM
CLOSE_FORM
Parameters
in Each Function:
OPEN_FORM–
Exporting
Form
Language
WRITE_FORM–
Exporting
Element
Window
CLOSE_FORM
What is sequence of event triggered in report?
There
are 6 events in report:
Initialization
At
Selection-Screen
Start-of-Selection
Get
Get
Late
End-of-Selection
7) Top-of-Page
End-of-Page
At Line
Selection
At User
Command
At PF
(nn)
What are standard layouts sets in the SAP Script?
There
are four standard layouts in the SAP Script:
Header
Logo
Main
Window
Footer
Difference between UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD?
UPLOAD
- File transfer with
dialog from presentation server file to internal table. Data which is available
in a file on the presentation server is transferred in an internal table. ASCII
& Binary files can be transferred.
WS_UPLOAD
- To read data from the presentation server into an internal table without a
user dialog, use the function module WS_UPLOAD. The most important parameters
are listed below.
Parameters
|
Function
|
CODEPAGE
|
Only for upload under DOS: Value IBM
|
FILENAME
|
Filename
|
FILETYPE
|
File type
|
Why did u switch to SAP?
What is a Logical Database?
Logical
Databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to
application programs.
Use of
LDB – is used to read data from database tables by linking them to executable
ABAP programs.
What are the events used for Logical Database?
Two
Events –
1) GET
- This is the most important event for executable programs that use a logical
database. It occurs when the logical database has read a line from the node
and
made it available to the program in the work area declared using the statement
NODES
. The
depth to which the logical database is read is determined by the GET
statements2) PUT -
The PUT
statement directs the program flow according to the structure of
the
logical database.
What is the difference between Get and Get Late?
GET -
After the logical database has read an entry from the node
.GET
LATE - After all of the nodes of the logical database have been processed that
are below in the database hierarchy.
What are the data types of Internal Tables?
There
are three types:
Line
Key
Table
What are the events used
in ABAP in the order of execution?
Events are:
INITIALIZATION
AT
SELECTION-SCREEN
AT
SELECTION-SCREEN ON
START-OF-SELECTION
TOP-OF-PAGE
TOP-OF-PAGE
DURING LINE SELECTION
END-OF-PAGE
END-OF-SELECTION
AT
USER-COMMAND
AT
LINE-SELECTION
AT PF
GET
GET
LATE.
AT User
Command
What are Interactive Reports?
An
output list which displays just the basic details & allow user to interact,
so that a new list is populated based on user-selection. With interactive list,
the user can actively control data retrieval and
display during the session.
What are the commands used for interactive reports?
Top-of-Page
during line-selection
What are the system fields u have worked with? Explain?
I had
worked with the following (30) system fields:
SY-DBSYS
- Central Database
SY-HOST
- Server
SY-OPSYS
- Operating System
SY-SAPRL
- SAP Release
SY-SYSID
- System Name
SY-LANGU
- User Logon Language 7) SY-MANDT - Client
SY-UNAME - Logon User Name
SY-DATLO
- Local Date
SY-DATUM
- Server Date
SY-TIMLO
- Local Time
SY-UZEIT
- Server Time
SY-DYNNR
- Screen Number
SY-REPID
- Current ABAP program
SY-TCODE
- Transaction Code
SY-ULINE
- Horizontal Line
SY-VLINE
- Vertical Line
SY-INDEX
- Number of current loop Pass
SY-TABIX
- Current line of internal table
SY-DBCNT
- Number of table entries processed
SY-SUBRC
- Return Code
SY-UCOMM
- Function Code
SY-LINCT
- Page Length of list
SY-LINNO
- Current Line
SY-PAGNO
- Current Page Number
SY-LSIND
- Index of List
SY-MSGID
- Message Class
SY-MSGNO
- Message Number
SY-MSGTY
- Message Type
SY-SPONO
- Spool number during printing
What is the difference between Primary key and Unique Key?
Primary
Key – It can accepts 0 value and cannot be NULL.
Unique
Key – It can be NULL.
What is the transaction code for Table maintenance?
SM30
If u are using Logical Databases how will u modify the
selection-screen elements?
Select-options : dname for deptt-dname.
What is an RFC?
Remote
Function Call
If u are using RFC and passing values to a remote system how
does it work?
What are the events in Screen Programming?
There
are two events in Screen Programming:
1. PBO
(Process before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is
processed. 2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the
screen, the PAI event is processed.
POH
(Process on Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You
can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the
end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.
POV
(Process on Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help
(F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks.
At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.
What is the significance of HIDE?
Its stores the click value and display the
related record in the secondary list.
Where do u code the HIDE statement?
In a LOOP statement
Types of BDC‘s?
There
are two types of BDC‘s:
Transaction
Method
Session
Method
Advantages & Disadvantages of different types of BDC‘s?
Transaction
Method:
It is
faster than session method.
While
executing, it starts from starting.
Session
Method:
It is
slower than transaction method.
While
executing, it does not start from starting.
What are the events used in Interactive Reports.
There
are three events of Interactive Reports:
At PF (nn)
At
line-selection
At
user-command
What is an RDBMS?
RDBMS –
Relational Database Management System. It
helps to create relationship between two or more table.
What standards u use to follow while coding ABAP programs?
What will you code in START-OF-SELECTION & END-OF-SELECTON
& why?
START-OF-SELECTION
SELECT
* FROM DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB
WHERE
DEPTNO IN DEPTNO.
APPEND
ITAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT
ITAB.
WRITE:
/ 10 ITAB-DEPTNO.
HIDE:
ITAB-DEPTNO.
ENDLOOP.
END-OF-SELECTION
What are joins and different types joins?
There
are four types of Joins:
Self-Join
Inner
Join
Outer
Join
Equi
Join
Which is the default join?
How do u display a data in a Detail List?
By
using two statements:
Top-of-page
during line-selection
At
line-selection
What are the types of windows in SAP Script?
There
are five Standard Layouts in SAP Script:
Page
Window
Page
Window
Paragraph
Format
Character
Format
What are the function modules used in a SAP Script driver
program?
There
are three functions used in SAP Script:
OPEN_FORM
WRITE_FORM
CLOSE_FORM
What are Extracts?
Extracts
are dynamic sequential datasets in which different lines can have different
structures. We can access the individual records in an extract dataset using a
LOOP.
How
would u go about improving the performance of a Program, which selects data
from
MSEG & MKPF?
How does System work in case of an Interactive Report?
What is LUW?
Logical Unit of Work
Different types of LUWs. What r they?
Two types of LUW are:
DB LUW
- A database LUW is the mechanism used by the database to ensure that its data
is always consistent. A database LUW is an inseparable sequence of database
operations that ends with a database commit. The database LUW is either fully
executed by the database system or not at all. Once a database LUW has been
successfully executed, the database will be in a consistent state. If an error
occurs within a database LUW, all of the database changes since the beginning
of the database LUW are reversed. This leaves the database in the state it had
before the transaction started.
SAP LUW
- A logical unit consisting of dialog steps, whose changes are written to the
database in a single database LUW is called an SAP LUW. Unlike a database LUW,
an SAP LUW can span several dialog steps, and be executed using a series of
different work processes.
What is First event triggered in program?
What are various Joins? What is right outer join?
How do u find out whether a file exits on the presentation
server?
Ans
eps_get_directory_listing for directory
Systems
fields used for Interactive Lists AND Lists
Interactive
System Fields: SY-LSIND, SY-CPAGE, SY-LILLI, SY-LISEL, SY-LISTI,
SY-LSTAT,
SY-STACO, SY-STARO
Lists:
SY-COLNO, SY-LINCT, SY-LINNO, SY-LINSZ, SY-PAGNO,
SY-TVAR0…..SY-TVAR9,
SY-WTITL
Logo in SAP Script?
RSTXLDMC
OR
Steps
for making and inserting Logo in SAP Script:
First
Procedure:
Draw
the picture
Save it
/nSE78
Write
name & Choose Color
Click
on Import
Browse
picture
Enter
Second
Procedure
/nSE71
Insert
Graphics
Execute
Choose
name of BMAP
What are the difference between call screens and leave screen?
Call Screen: Calling a single screen is a
special case of embedding a screen sequence. If you
Want to
prevent the called screen from covering the current screen completely, you can
use the CALL SCREEN statement with the STARTING AT and ENDING AT CALL SCREEN
1000.
CALL
SCREEN 1000 STARTING AT 10 10 ENDING AT 20 20.
LEAVE
SCREEN statement ends the current screen and calls the subsequent screen.
LEAVE
SCREEN.
LEAVE
TO SCREEN 2000.
If internal table used in for all entries in empty then what happens?
No,
records will be displayed.
If I forgot some command in SAP Script e.g.: suppress zero
display - How to do find it?
Suppressing
of entire screens is possible with this command. This command allows us to
perform screen processing ―in the background‖. Suppressing screens is useful
when we are branching to list-mode from a transaction dialog step.
How to write a BDC - how do u go about it?
Steps for writing BDC
/nSE38
Declare
Tables, Data (for ITAB) and Data (for BDCITAB)
Call
function ‗Upload‘.
Write
code for the First Screen, Radio Button, Filename, Change Button, Second
Screen, Utilities (Create Entries), Third Screen and save.
Call
transaction ‗SE11‘using BDCITAB mode ‗A‘.
Save,
Check Errors, Activate and Execute.
What is Performance tuning?
Define
Documentation.
Brief
about Testing of programs.
How do u move on to the next screen in interactive reporting?
Write
code of the following:
Top-of-Page
during line-selection
At
line-selection
Create any functions? How to go about it?
Steps
for creating the Functions:
First
Procedure:
/nSE37
Go to
Function
Group (FG)
Create
Group
Name of
FG (ZREKHA_FG)
Short
Text 7) Save
Local Object
Second
Procedure
Environment
Inactive
Object
Function
Group (ZREKHA_FG)
Activate
Back
Third
Procedure
Name of
Function Module (ZREKHA_FM)
Create
Write
FG Name (ZREKHA_FG)
Short
Text
Save
Fourth
Step:
Call
function ‗ZREKHA_FM‘.
Advanced topics?
Function
modules used in F4 help.
There
are two types of function modules used in F4 help:
F4IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST
F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST
Work most on which module: Name a few tables.
Sales
& Distribution Module
Sales
Document: Item Data – VBAP
Sales
Document: Partner – VBPA
Sales
Document: Header Data – VBAK
Sales
Document Flow – VBFA
Sales
Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS
Customer
Master – KNA1
Material
Data – MARA
Conditions (Transaction Data)
- KONV
System Table used
Sales
Document: Item Data – VBAP
Sales
Document: Partner – VBPA
Sales
Document: Header Data – VBAK
Sales
Document Flow – VBFA
Sales
Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS
Customer
Master – KNA1
Material
Data – MARA
Conditions (Transaction Data)
- KONV
From a table how do u find whether a material is used in another
material BOM?
What is read line?
READ LINE and READ CURRENT LINE – These statements are used to
read data from the lines of existing list levels. These statements are closely
connected to the HIDE technique.
How u used logical database? How is data transferred to program?
Corresponding statement in LDB.
How do u suppress fields on selection screen generated by LDB?
Can there be more than 1 main window in SAP Script?
No, there cannot be more than 1 main window in
SAP Script because in WRITE_FORM, it asks for the parameter Window that will
create the problem.
WRITE_FORM–
Exporting
Element
Window
Global and local data in function modules.
What are the differences between SAP memory and ABAP memory?
ABAP
Memory is a memory area in the internal session (roll area) of an
ABAP program. Data within this area is retained within a sequence of program
calls, allowing you to pass data between programs that call one another. It is
also possible to pass data between sessions using SAP Memory.
SAP
Memory is a memory area to which all sessions within a SAPgui
have access. You can use SAP memory either to pass data from one program to
another within a session (as with ABAP memory) or to pass data from one session
to another.
What are differences between at selection-screen and at
selection-screen output?
AT
SELECTION-SCREEN event is triggered in the PAI of the selection screen once the
ABAP runtime environment has passed all of the input data from the selection
screen to the ABAP program.
AT
SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT - This event block allows you to modify the selection
screen directly before it is displayed.
What are the events?
What is get cursor field?
GET
CURSOR statement transfers the name of the screen element on which the cursor
is positioned during a user action into the variable.
GET
CURSOR FIELD [OFFSET] [LINE] [VALUE] LENGTH].
8) What Function does data dictionary perform?
Central information
repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary contains data
definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in
the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates
redundancy.
9) Difference between domain and data element? What are
aggregate object?
Domain - Specifies the technical attributes of a data
element - its data type, length, possible values, and appearance on the screen.
Each data element has an underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis
for several data elements. Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary. Data
Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical
attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its
field labels and documentation. Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock
objects are called aggregate objects because they are formed from several
related table.
10) What is view? Different types of view. Explain?
View - A view is a virtual table containing fields from one
or more tables. A virtual table that does not contain any data, but instead
provides an application-oriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables.
Different Types of View: 1) Maintenance 2) Database – It is on more than two
tables. 3) Projection – It is only on one table. 4) Help
11) Can u print decimals in type N? What is difference between
float and packed data type?
No, we cannot print decimals in type N because decimal
places are not permitted with N data type. Float Data Type: It cannot be
declared in Parameters. Packed Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For
e.g. PARAMETERS: A (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2, B (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2. DATA: C (4)
TYPE P DECIMALS 2. C = A + B. WRITE: / ‗THE SUM IS‘, C.
12) What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?
A step loop is a
repeated series of field-blocks in a screen. Each block can contain one or more
fields, and can extend over more than one line on the screen. Step loops as
structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can contain
more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP…ENDLOOPs in the
flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP…ENDLOOPs must exactly parallel
the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the system which
loop processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are ordered
primarily by screen row, and secondarily by screen column. Transaction TZ61
(development class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the table you saw in
transaction TZ60. Static and Dynamic Step Loops Step loops fall into two
classes: static and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size that cannot be
changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user
resizes the window, the system automatically increases or decreases the number
of step loop blocks displayed. In any given screen, you can define any number
of static step loops, but only a single dynamic one. You specify the class for
a step loop in the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen has the attributes
Looptype (fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loopcount. If a loop is fixed,
the Loopcount tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for the loop. This
number can never change.Programming with static and dynamic step loops is
essentially the same. You can use both the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both
types. Looping in a Step Loop When you use LOOP AT with a step loop, the system
automatically displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll
bars, and the updated (scrolled) table display, are managed by the system. Use
the following additional parameters if desired: FROM and TO CURSOR
13) What is the initial value and maximum length of all data
type?
Ans Data Type Initial field length Valid field length
Initial value Meaning Numeric types I 4 4 0 Integer (whole number) F 8 8 0
Floating point number P 8 1 – 16 0 Packed number Character types C 1 1 – 65535
‘ … ‘ Text field (alphanumeric characters) D 8 8 ‘00000000′ Date field (Format:
YYYYMMDD) N 1 1 – 65535 ‘0 … 0′ Numeric text field (numeric characters) T 6 6
‘000000′ Time field (format: HHMMSS) Hexadecimal type X 1 1 – 65535 X’0 … 0′
Hexadecimal field
14) What are the ways to find out the tables used in the
program?
15) Can you have two detail lists from the basic list at the
same time? If yes how and if no why?
19) What function module upload data from application server?
20) What are the various types of selection screen event?
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK ABC WITH FRAME TITLE T01.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 500 AS WINDOW. CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 500
STARTING AT 10 10.
21) What do you know
about a client?
22) What are the system fields? Explain?
The
ABAP system fields are active in all ABAP programs. They are filled by the
runtime environment, and you can query their values in a program to find out
particular states of the system. Although they are variables, you should not
assign your own values to them, since this may overwrite information that is
important for the normal running of the program. However, there are some
isolated cases in which you may need to overwrite a system variable. For
example, by assigning a new value to the field SY-LSIND, you can control navigation
within details lists.
23) What is SAP Script? What is the purpose of SAP Script?
Difference between SAP Script and Report?
SAP Script – It is
the integrated text management system of the SAP R/3 System. Two types – PC
Editor & Line Editor. Reports - It is the way to display data fetched from
database table onto screen or directly output it to a printer. Two types –
Classical and Interactive.
24) What is the use of occurs in internal table? Can u change
occurs value in program?
Use of Occurs - If
you use the OCCURS parameter, the value of the INITIAL SIZE of the table is
returned to the variable Data : Begin of ITAB occurs 0, End of ITAB. Occurs or
Initial Size – to specify the initial amount of memory that should be assigned
to the table.Yes, we can change the occurs value in program but output remains
the same.
25) Difference between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX? Where it is used?
Can u check SY-SUBRC after perform?
SY-TABIX - Current
line of an internal table. SY-TABIX is set by the statements below, but only
for index tables. The field is either not set or is set to 0 for hashed tables.
* APPEND sets SY-TABIX to the index of the last line of the table, that is, it
contains the overall number of entries in the table. * COLLECT sets SY-TABIX to
the index of the existing or inserted line in the table. If the table has the
type HASHED TABLE, SY-TABIX is set to 0. * LOOP AT sets SY-TABIX to the index
of the current line at the beginning of each loop lass. At the end of the loop,
SY-TABIX is reset to the value that it had before entering the loop. It is set
to 0 if the table has the type HASHED TABLE. * READ TABLE sets SY-TABIX to the
index of the table line read. If you use a binary search, and the system does
not find a line, SY-TABIX contains the total number of lines, or one more than
the total number of lines. SY-INDEX is undefined if a linear search fails to
return an entry. * SEARCH FOR sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line in
which the search string is found. SY_INDEX - In a DO or WHILE loop, SY-INDEX
contains the number of loop passes including the current pass.
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