RJ's SAP Technical Blog

GEN Faq

What are elements?

Can we have more than one selection-screen and how?

Yes, we can have more than one selection screen.

Selection-screen begin of block honey with frame title text-101.

Select-options: deptno for zrekha_deptt-deptno.

Selection-screen end of block honey.

Selection-screen begin of block honey1 with frame title text-102.

Select-options: dname for zrekha_deptt-dname.

Selection-screen end of block honey1.

How to declare select-option as a parameter?

SELECT-OPTIONS: specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values.

Parameters: dname like dept-dname.

Select-options: dname for dept-dname.

How can u write programmatically value help to a field without using search help and match codes?

By using two types of function modules to be called in SAP Script:

HELP_OBJECT_SHOW_FOR_FIELD

HELP_OBJECT_SHOW

What are the differences between SE01, SE09 and SE10?

SE01 - Correction & Transport Organizer

SE09 - Workbench Organizer SE10 - Customizing Organizer

How to set destination?

What are the function module types?

What are tables?

Tables: ZREKHA_EMP.

It creates a structure – the table work area in a program for the database tables, views or structure ZREKHA_EMP. The table work area has the same name as the object for which we created it. ZREKHA_EMP must be declared in the ABAP dictionary. The name and sequence of fields in the table work area ZREKHA_EMP corresponds exactly to the sequence of fields in the database table, view definition in the ABAP dictionary.

What are client-dependent tables and independent tables?

How to distinguish client-dependent tables from independent tables?

What is the use of Table maintenance allowed?

Mark the Table maintenance allowed flag if users with the corresponding authorization may change the data in the table using the Data Browser (Transaction SE16). If the data in the table should only be maintained with programs or with the table view maintenance transaction (Transaction SM30), you should not set the flag.

How to define Selection Screen?

Parameters, Select-options & Selection-Screen

What are the check tables and value tables?

Value Table: Prior to Release 4.0, it was possible to use the value table of a domain to provide input help. This is no longer possible, primarily because unexpected results could occur if the value table had more than one key field. It was not possible to restrict the other key fields, which meant that the environment of the field was not considered, as is normal with check tables.

In cases where this kind of value help was appropriate, you can reconstruct it by creating a searc h h elp for the data elements that use the domain in question, and using the value table as the selection method.

Check table will be at field level checking.

Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid.

What is the difference between tables and structures?

Tables:

Data is permanently stored in tables in the database.

Database tables are generated from them.

Structure:

It contains data temporarily during program run-time.

No Database tables are generated from it.

How to declare one internal table without header line without using structures?

No, we cannot declare internal table without header line and without structure because it gives error ―ITAB cannot be a table, a reference, a string or contain any of these object‖.

Code with Header without Structure

TABLES: ZREKHA_EMP.

DATA: ITAB LIKE ZREKHA_EMP OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.

SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB.

APPEND ITAB.

ENDSELECT.

LOOP AT ITAB.

WRITE: / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME, ITAB-DEPTNO.

ENDLOOP.

Code without Header with Structure

TABLES: ZREKHA_EMP.

DATA: BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0,

EMPNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNO,

EMPNAME LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNAME,

DEPTNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-DEPTNO,

END OF ITAB.

SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB.

APPEND ITAB.

ENDSELECT.

LOOP AT ITAB.

WRITE: / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME, ITAB-DEPTNO.

ENDLOOP.

What are lock objects?

The R/3 System synchronizes simultaneous access of several users to the same data records with a lock mechanism. When interactive transactions are programmed, locks are set and released by calling function modules (see Function Modules for Lock Requests). These function modules are automatically generated from the definition of lock objects in the ABAP Dictionary.

Two types of Lock: Shared and Exclusive

What are datasets? What are the different syntaxes?

The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.

OPEN DATASET [DATASET NAME] FOR [OUTPUT / INPUT / APPENDING]

IN [BINARY / TEXT] MODE

AT POSITION [POSITION]

MESSAGE [FIELD]

READ DATASET [DATASET NAME] INTO [FIELD]

DELETE DATASET [DATASET NAME]

CLOSE DATASET [DATASET NAME]

TRANSFER [FIELD] TO [DATASET NAME]

What are the events we use in dialog programming and explain them?

There are two events in Dialog Programming i.e. screen:

1. PBO (Process before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed. 2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is processed.

POH (Process on Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.

POV (Process on Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.

What is the difference between OPEN_FORM and CLOSE_FORM?

OPEN_FORM – This module opens layout set printing. This function must be called up before we can work with other layout set function like WRITE_FORM.

WRITE_FORM – Output text element in form window. The specified element of the layout set window entered is output. The element must be defined in the layout set.

CLOSE_FORM – End layout set printing. Form printing started with OPEN_FORM is completed. Possible closing operations on the form last opened are carried out. Form printing must be completed by this function module. If this is not carried out, nothing is printed or displayed on the screen.

What are the page windows? How many main windows will be there in a page window?

Page Window: In this window, we define the margins for left, width, upper and height for the layout of Header, Logo, Main, & Footer.

What are control events in a loop?

Control level processing is allowed within a LOOP over an internal table. This means that we can divide sequences of entries into groups based on the contents of certain fields.

AT . ENDAT.

You can react to the following control level changes:

	Meaning
FIRST	First line of the internal table
LAST	Last line of the internal table
NEW	Beginning of a group of lines with the same contents in the field and in the fields left of
END Of	End of a group of lines with the same contents in the field and in the fields left of

How to debug a script?

Go to SE71, give layout set name, go to utilities select debugger mode on.

How many maximum sessions can be open in SAPgui?

There are maximum 6 sessions open in SAPgui.

SAP Scripts and ABAP programs are client dependent or not? Why?

What are System Variable?

At present, we can use the following system variables:

System Variable	Use	Meaning
SY_MODE	In function modules	Current mode of the PI sheet
SY_TEST	In function modules	Status of the PI sheet (test or active)
SY_ROW	In function modules	Current table line
SY_VALUE or X	Generally	Refers to the immediately preceding input value

Is it compulsory to use all the events in Reports?

What is the difference between sum and collect?

Sum: You can only use this statement within a LOOP. If you use SUM in an AT - ENDAT block, the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines in the current line group and writes them to the corresponding fields in the work area. If you use the SUM statement outside an AT - ENDAT block (single entry processing), the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines of the internal table in each loop pass and writes them to the corresponding fields of the work area. It therefore only makes sense to use the SUM statement in AT…ENDAT blocks.

If the table contains a nested table, you cannot use the SUM statement. Neither can you use it if you are using a field symbol instead of a work area in the LOOP statement.

Collect:

What are session method and call transaction method and explain about them?

Session method – Use the BDC_OPEN_GROUP to create a session. Once we have created a session, then we can insert the batch input data into it with BDC_INSERT. Use the

BDC_INSERT to add a transaction to a batch input session. We specify the transaction that is to be started in the call to BDC_INSERT. We must provide a BDCDATA structure that contains all the data required to process the transaction completely. Use the BDC_CLOSE_GROUP to close a session after we have inserted all of our batch input data into it. Once a session is closed, it can be processed.

Call Transaction -

In this method, we use CALL TRANSACTION USING to run an SAP transaction. External data does not have to be deposited in a session for later processing. Instead, the entire batch input process takes place inline in our program.

If you have 10000 records in your file, which method you use in BDC?

Call transaction is faster than session method. But usually we use session method in real time…because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a session, then process will not complete until session get correct.

What are different modes of Call Transaction method and explain them?

There are three modes of Call Transaction method:

A – Display All Screens

E – Display Errors

N – Background Processing

——————————————————————————————————————–

What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?

HEADER, BODY, FOOTER.

What are field symbols and field groups? Have you used ―component idx of structure‖ clause with field groups?

Field Symbols – They are placeholder or symbolic names for the other fields. They do not physically reserve space for a field, but point to its contents. It can point to any data objects.

Field-symbols

Field Groups – Field groups does not reserve storage space but contains pointers to existing fields.

An extract dataset consists of a sequence of records. These records may have different structures. All records with the same structure form a record type. You must define each record type of an extract dataset as a field group, using the FIELD-GROUPS statement.

Field-groups

What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?

STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED ―CONVERSION‖.

STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED

―SAP DATA TRANSFER‖.

STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE

i) Call transaction (Write the program explicitly) ii) Create sessions (sessions are created and processed. If success, data will transfer).

What is a batch input session?

BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session i.e. data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.

Create session – BDC_OPEN_GROUP

Insert batch input – BDC_INSERT

Close session – BDC_CLOSE_GROUP

What is the alternative to batch input session?

Call Transaction Method & Call Dialog

A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in background. How to do it?

Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps

(JOB SCHEDULING)

What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level?

Pool Table -

Many to One Relationship.

Table in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the fields have the different name as in the R3 Table definition.

It can hold only pooled tables.

Transparent Table – 1) One to One relationship. 2) Table in the Dictionary has the same name, same number of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3 Table definition.

3) It can hold Application data.

What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process different from processing on line?

Two Problems: -

If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue (log remains). However, if session is processed we may delete it manually.

If session processing fails, data will not be transferred to SAP database table.

Is Session Method, Asynchronous or Synchronous?

Synchronous

What are the different types of data dictionary objects?

Different types of data dictionary objects:

Tables

Views

Data elements

Structure

Domains

Search Helps

Local Objects

Matchcode

How many types of tables exist and what are they in data dictionary?

4 Types of Tables:

Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Open SQL and Native SQL can be used.

Pool tables

Cluster tables - These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables. One cannot use Native SQL on these tables (only Open SQL). They are not manageable directly using database system tools.

Internal tables

What is the step-by-step process to create a table in data dictionary?

Steps to create a table:

Step 1: creating domains (data type, field length, Range).

Step 2: creating data elements (properties and type for a table field).

Step 3: creating tables (SE11).

Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the database physically?

No, Transparent table do exist with the same structure both in the dictionary as well as in the database, exactly with the same data and fields.

In SAP Scripts, how will u link FORM with the Event Driven?

In PAI, define function code and write code for the same.

Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?

YES. e.g.:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.

Here we are referring to a data object (SPFLI) not data element.

What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?

GLOBAL EXISTANCE (these could be used by any other program without creating it again).

What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?

Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements:

EXTRACT.

When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset

EXTRACT HEADER.

When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields.

As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group, the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs.

By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.

What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?

Collect: If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.

Append – Duplicate entries occurs.

What is OPEN SQL vs NATIVE SQL?

Open SQL – These statements are a subset of standard SQL. It consists of DML command (Select, Insert, Update, Delete). It can simplify and speed up database access. Buffering is partly stored in the working memory and shared memory. Data in buffer is not always up-to-date.

Native SQL – They are loosely integrated into ABAP. It allows access to all functions containing programming interface. They are not checked and converted. They are sent directly to the database system. Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which they were written. For e.g. to create or change table definition in the ABAP.

What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?

To use a Native SQL statement, you must precede it with the EXEC SQL statement, and follow it with the ENDEXEC statement as follows:

EXEC SQL [PERFORMING

ENDEXEC.

There is no period after Native SQL statements. Furthermore, using inverted commas (‖) or an asterisk (*) at the beginning of a line in a native SQL statement does not introduce a comment as it would in normal ABAP syntax. You need to know whether table and field names are casesensitive in your chosen database.

What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary?

ABAP Editor: Tool in the ABAP Workbench in which you enter the source code of ABAP programs and check their syntax. You can also navigate from the ABAP Editor to the other tools in the ABAP Workbench.

What are the events in ABAP language?

The events are as follows:

Initialization

At selection-screen

Start-of-selection

End-of-selection

Top-of-page

End-of-page

At line-selection

At user-command

At PF

Get

At New

At LAST

AT END

AT FIRST

143) what is an interactive report? What is the obvious difference of such report compared with classical type reports?

An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on user’s choice.

Difference: -

a) The list produced by classical report doesn‘t allow user to interact with the system where as the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system.

Once a classical report, executed user loses control whereas Interactive, user has control.

In classical report, drilling is not possible where as in interactive, drilling is possible.

What is a drill down report?

It’s an Interactive report where in the user can get more relevant data by selecting explicitly.

How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.

Called program - SE37 - Creating function group, function module by assigning attributes, importing, exporting, tables, and exceptions.

Calling program - SE38 - In program, click pattern and write function name- provide export, import, tables, exception values.

146) what are the exceptions in function module?

Exceptions: Our function module needs an exception that it can trigger if there are no entries in table SPFLI that meet the selection criterion. The exception NOT_FOUND serves this function.

COMMUNICATION_FAILURE & SYSTEM_FAILURE

How are the date and time field values stored in SAP?

DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS

What are the fields in a BDC_Tab and BDCDATA Table?

Ans Fields of BDC_Tab & BDCDATA Table:

Sr.No Fields - Description

Program - BDC Module pool

Dynpro - BDC Screen Number

Dynbegin - BDC Screen Start

Fname - Field Name

Fval - BDC field value

150) Name a few data dictionary objects?

Different types of data dictionary objects:

Tables

Views

Data elements

Structure

Match code

Domains

Search Helps

Local Objects

151) what happens when a table is activated in DD?

When the table is activated, a physical table definition is created in the database for the table definition stored in the ABAP dictionary. The table definition is translated from the ABAP dictionary of the particular database.

It is available for any insertion, modification and updation of records by any user.

What are match codes? Describe?

It is similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or no primary keys.

What transactions do you use for data analysis?

What are the elements of selection screen?

There are 5 elements of selection screen:

Selection-screen include blocks

Selection-screen include parameters

Selection-screen include select-options

Selection-screen include comment

Selection-screen include push-button

What are ranges? What are number ranges?

Main function of ranges to pass data to the actual selection tables without displaying the selection screen.

Min, Max values provided in selection screens.

It is often necessary to directly access individual records in a data structure. This is done using unique keys. Number ranges are used to assign numbers to individual database records for a commercial object, to complete the key. Such numbers are e.g. order numbers or material master numbers.

What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?

Parameters: We can enter a single value.

PARAMETERS: PARAM (10).

Select-options: We can enter low and high value i.e. range has to be specify. By using NOINTERVAL user can process only single fields.

SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO.

SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO NO-INTERVAL.

SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table, which is automatically filled with values or ranges of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS, the system creates a selection table.

SELECT-OPTIONS FOR.

A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH.

The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of.

The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply)

The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT Greater than NE Not equal BT Between LE Less than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern.

Differences-

PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report.

SELECT-OPTIONS allows users to fill an internal table with a range of values.

Select-options provide ranges whereas parameters do not.

For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by choosing

Go to - Text elements - Selection texts - Change.

E.g.:- Parameters name (30).

When the user executes the ABAP/4 program, an input field for ‗name‘will appear on the selection screen. You can change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text elements as described in Selection Texts.

158) how do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial values in a selection screen?

The selection criteria is validated in the processing block of the AT SELECTION SCREEN event for the input values on the screen and respective messages can be sent.

To display initial values in the selection screen:

Use INITIALIZATION EVENT

Use DEFAULT VALUE option of PARAMETERS Statement

Use SPA/GPA Parameters (PIDs).

Validate: - by using match code objects.

Display: - Parameters default ‗xxx‘.

Select-options for spfli-carrid.

Initial values in a selection screen:

INITIALIZATION.

DNO-LOW = 10.

DNO-HIGH = 30 SIGN I.

OPTION NB.

APPEND DNO.

What are selection texts?

What is CTS and what do you know about it?

Correction and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project. For practical information on working with the Correction and Transport System, see Correction and Transport Organizer and Transport Management System.

When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go with it? If not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?

What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?

In commercial, organizational and technical terms, the client is a self-contained unit in the R3 system, with separate set of Master data and its own set of Tables. When a change is made in one client all other clients are affected in the system - this type of objects are called Client independent objects.

Are programs client dependent?

Yes, group of users can access these programs with a client number.

Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs?

SY-SUBRC, SY-DBCNT, SY-LILLI, SY-DATUM, SY-UZEIT, SY-UCOMM,

SY-TABIX…..

SY-LILLI is absolute number of lines from which the event was triggered.

What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement?

It is a standard data type object, which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.

Using SY-DBCNT.

The number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record population.

How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?

Some measures that can be taken are:

Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of better reusability).

Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *.

Range tables should be avoided (IN operator)

Avoid nested SELECTS.

What are datasets?

The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.

How to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs?

Open SQL has 2 system fields with return codes:

SY-SUBRC

SY-DBCNT

Using function modules

What are Conversion & Interface programs in SAP?

CONVERSION: Legacy system to flat file.

INTERFACE: Flat file to SAP system.

Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?

SAP supplied BDC programs

RM06BBI0 (Purchase Requisitions)

RMDATIND (Material Master)

RFBIKR00 (Vendor Masters)

RFBIDE00 (Customer Master)

RVINVB00 (Sales Order)

What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why?

Þ Identify relevant fields

Þ Maintain transfer structure (Predefined – first one is always session record)

Þ Session record structure, Header Data, Item (STYPE – record type)

Þ Fields in session structure – STYPE, GROUP, MANDT, USERNAME, NO DATA

Þ Fields in header structure – consists of transaction code also – STYPE, BMM00, TCODE, MATNR and Fields in Item - ITEMS …

Þ Maintain transfer file – sample data set creation

What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?

To read data from a database tables we use logical database.

A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.

Advantages: - The programmer need not worry about the primary key for each table. Because Logical database knows how the different tables relate to each other, and can issue the SELECT command with proper where clause to retrieve the data.

An easy-to-use standard user interface.

Check functions, which check that user input is complete, correct, and plausible.

Meaningful data selection.

Central authorization checks for database accesses.

Good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic.

No need of programming for retrieval, meaning for data selection

Disadvantages: -

If you do not specify a logical database in the program attributes, the GET events never occur.

There is no ENDGET command, so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).

Fast in case of lesser no. of tables but if the table is in the lowest level of hierarchy, all upper level tables should be read so performance is slower.

What using when writing a drill down report? Specific statements do you

AT LINE-SELECTION

AT USER-COMMAND

AT PF.

What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query tool?

Advantages: No programming knowledge is required.

Disadvantages: Depending on the complexity of the database tables, it may not be easy for the user to select the necessary data correctly.

What are the functional areas? User groups? How does ABAP query work in relation to these?

User Groups – A user group is a collection of users that work with about the same data and carry out similar tasks. The members of a user group can use all programs (queries) created by any user of the group. Changes to such a program are at once visible to all users. This ensures that all members of a user group use the same evaluation programs.

ABAP Query: It consists of three components – queries, functional areas and user groups. The functional areas provide the user with an initial set of data in accordance with the task to be accomplished. All users must be members of at least one user group. All members of one user group can access the same data as well as the same program (queries) to create lists.

Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP query?

No, it is not must to use LDB. Apart from it, we have other options:

Table join by Basis Table

Direct Read of table

Data Retrieval by Program

What is the structure of a BDC sessions.

BDCDATA

What are Change header and detail tables? Have you used them?

What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session?

We will look into the error log file (SM35). Check number of records already updated and delete them from input file and run BDC again.

What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?

We look into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect session, we analyze the session to determine which screen and value produced the error. For small errors in data we correct them interactively otherwise modify batch input program that has generated the session or many times even the data file.

How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the events driven batch jobs?

Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps

(JOB SCHEDULING)

Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run?

What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant table for that?

Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?

What is a currency factoring technique?

How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program documentation menu option?

What is SAP Script and layout set?

The tool, which is used to create layout set is called SAP Script. Layout set is a design, appearance and structure of document.

What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set?

Control Commands, System Commands

What is output determination?

What is the field length of Packed Number? What is the default decimal of packed number?

What are the different types of data types?

There are three types of data types:

Data Types

Elementary Complex References

Fixed Variable Structure Table Data Object

Variable

What is the syntax of Packed Number?

Data: NUM type P decimals 2.

What are different types of attributes of Function Module?

There are 6 attributes of FM:

Import

Export

Table

Changing

Source

Exception

List of Screen elements.

There are 13 screen elements:

i. Input / output fields ii. Text fields iii. Checkbox iv. Radio button

v. Push Button vi. Drop down list vii. Subscreen viii. Table control ix. Tabstrip control

x. Custom control xi. Box xii. Status icons xiii. OK_CODE fields

How many default Tab Strips are there? How to insert more Tabs in it?

There 2 default Tab strips. Screen painter attributes contain Tab Title, which is used to insert more tabs in tab strip.

How to define Selection Screen?

There are 3 ways of defining selection screen:

Parameters

Select-options

Selection-Screen

What are the properties of Selection Screen?

There are 11 properties of selection screen:

Default

Memory ID

Lowercase

Visible length

Obligatory

Matchcode 7) Check

Checkbox

Radiobutton Group

No-display

Modif ID

What are the components of Selection Table?

There are four components of selection table:

Low, High, Sign, Options

How to display or know if the value entered contains records or not?

SY-SUBRC

What are the sequences of event block?

i. Reports ii. Nodes iii. Data iv. Initialization

v. At selection-screen vi. Start-of-selection vii. Get deptt viii. Get emp ix. Get deptt late

x. End-of-selection xi. Form xii. Endform

What are types of Select statements?

SELECT SINGLE … WHERE …

SELECT [DISTINCT] … WHERE …

SELECT * …

What are DML commands?

Select, Insert, Delete, and Modify, Update.

What is Asynchronous and Synchronous Update?

Asynchronous Update – The program does not wait for the work process to finish the update. Commit Work.

Synchronous Update – The program wait for the work process to finish the update.

Commit Work and Wait.

Write syntax for Message Error (Report)?

AT SELECTION-SCREEN.

SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB WHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO.

ENDSELECT.

If SY-DBCNT = 0.

MESSAGE E000 WITH ‗NO RECORDS FOUND‘.

ENDIF.

How to see the list of all created session?

There are two method to see all sessions:

SHDB (Recording)

Write code in SE38 then save, check errors activate and execute it.

System

Service

Batch input

Session

What are the function module in BDC?

There are three function module in BDC:

BDC_OPEN_GROUP

BDC_INSERT

BDC_CLOSE_GROUP.

208) write the steps to execute session method.

Steps for execution Session Method:

System

Service

Batch Input

Session

Choose Session Name

Process

Asks for Mode (Display All Screen, Display Errors & Background)

Process

What are the different types of mode (run code) in Call Transaction method?

There are three modes in Call Transaction:

A – Displays All Screen

E – Display Errors

N – Background Processing

Write the transaction code of Customer Master Data, Pricing, Inquiry, Quotation and Sales Order.

Customer Master Data - XD01

Pricing -

Inquiry - VA11

Quotation - VA21

Sales Order - VA01

- MM01

What are the fields of Sales Order?

Transaction Code of Sales Order: VA01

Table of Sales Order: VBAK

Order Type - AUART

Sales Org – VKORG

Dist Channel – VTWEG

Division – SPART

Sales Office - VKBUR

Sales Group - VKGRP

What are different types of screen keywords?

There are four types of screen keywords: Module, Loop, Chain and Field.

Write special commands of List.

There are four specials commands of lists: Write, Uline, Skip and New-Page

Write the following in different manner.

IF (A GE B) AND (A LE C)

IF A BETWEEN B AND C

What are the different types of ABAP statements?

There are six types of ABAP statements:

Declarative - Types, Data, Tables

Modularization - Event Keywords and Defining Keywords

Control - If…Else, While, Case

Call - Perform, Call, Set User Command, Submit, Leave to

Operational - Write, Add, Move

Database - Open SQL & Native SQL

How data is stored in cluster table?

Each field of cluster table behaves as tables, which contains the number of entries.

What are client dependent objects in ABAP / SAP?

SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects.

On which event we can validate the input fields in module programs?

In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of fields put in chain and End chain statement.)

In selection screen, I have three fields, plant material number and material group. If I input plant how do I get the material number and material group based on plant dynamically?

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL.

CALL FUNCTION ‗F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST‘

To get material and material group for the plant.

How do you get output from IDOC?

Data in IDOC is stored in segments; the output from IDOC is obtained by reading the data stored in its respective segments.

When top of the page event is triggered?

After executing first write statement in start-of-selection event.

Can we create field without data element and how?

In SE11, one option is available above the fields strip i.e. Data element / direct type.

Fields of VBAK Table.

VBAK – Sales Document: Header Data

Details about Sales Organization, Distribution Channel, Division, Sales Group, Sales Office, Business Area, Outline Agreements, etc

Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program?

Transaction Code AL21.

How can I copy a standard table to make my own Z_TABLE?

Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button. Enter the name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z_table name and press enter.

What is runtime analysis? Have you used this?

It checks program execution time in microseconds. When you go to SE30. If you give desired program name in performance file. It will take you to below screen. You can get how much fast your program is.

What is meant by performance analysis?

How to transfer the objects? Have you transferred any objects?

How did you test the developed objects?

There are two types of testing

- Negative testing - Positive testing

In negative testing, we will give negative data in input and we check any errors occurs.

In positive testing, we will give positive data in input for checking errors.

How did you handle errors in Call Transaction?

We can create an internal table like ‗bsgmcgcoll‘. All the messages will go to internal table. We can get errors in this internal table.

Below messages are go to internal table. When you run the call transaction.

TCODE

Message Type

Message Id

Message Number

MSGV1

MSGV2

MSGV3

MSGV4

CALL TRANSACTION TCODE USING BDCDATA MODE A/N/E.

UPDATE MODE A/S MESSAGE INTO BDCDATA.

THEN PUT LOOP…ENDLOOP OF BDCMSGCOLL

CALL FUNCTION ‗FORMAT_WRITE‘

EXPORT = SYSTEM FIELD

IMPORT = MSG TEXT ERROR

Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster?

What are the difference between Interactive and Drill down Reports?

ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION (double click) or AT USER-COMMAND (pressing a button). You can use these events to move through layers of information about individual items in a list.

Drill down report is nothing but interactive report…drilldown means above paragraph only.

How to pass the variables to forms?

What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms?

Table contains vertical and horizontal lines. We can store the data in table as blocks. We can scroll depends upon your wish. And these all are stored in database (data dictionary).

What are Standard Texts?

What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables?

A pooled table is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary. Pooled tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined.

Cluster table are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they are defined. Cluster table can be used to store control data. They can also use to store temporary data or text such as documentation.

What is PF-STATUS?

PF-Status is used in interactive report for enhancing the functionality. If we go to SE41, we can get menus, items and different function keys, which we are using for secondary list in interactive report.

Among ―Move‖ and ―Move Corresponding‖, which is efficient one?

I guess, ‗move corresponding‘is very efficient then ‗move‘statement. Because usually we use this statement for internal table fields only…so if we give move corresponding. Those fields only moving to other place (whatever you want).

What are the Output Type, Transaction codes, Page Format?

Where we use Chain and End chain?

In Screen Programming

Do you use select statement in loop…end loop, how will be the performance? To improve the performance?

In select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and last date by default? Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004

What are IDOCs?

IDOCs are intermediate documents to hold the messages as a container.

What are screen painter? Menu painter? Gui status?etc.

dynpro - flow logic + screens.

Menu painter -

GUI Status - It is subset of the interface elements (title bar, menu bar, standard tool bar, and push buttons) used for a certain screen.

The status comprises those elements that are currently needed by the transaction.

What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO.

The control statements that control the screen flow.

PBO - This event is triggered before the screen is displayed.

PAI - This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data and clicks the pushbutton.

Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP?

Create program-SE93-create transaction code -Run it from command field.

Create the transaction using object browser (SE80)

Define the objects e.g. screen, Transactions. – Modules – PBO, PAI.

Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of screen painter called?

Yes.

Operating System – Windows based

Screen Painter – Alpha numeric Screen Painter

What are step loops? How do you program page down page up in step loops?

Step loops are repeated blocks of field in a screen.

Step loops: Method of displaying a set of records.

Page down & Page up: decrement / increment base counter

Index = base + sy-step1 – 1

Is ABAP a GUI language?

Yes, ABAP IS AN EVENT DRIVEN LANGUAGE.

Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written?

What is the XXXXXTOP program?

Main program with A Includes

TOP INCLUDE – GLOBAL DATA

Include for PBO

Include for PAI

Include for Forms

What are they include programs?

When the same sequence of statements in several programs is to be written repeatedly. They are coded in include programs (External programs) and are included in ABAP/4 programs.

Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program?

Yes, only external subroutines Using ‗SUBMIT‘ statement.

What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precautions are needed?

On upgrade, each user exit must be checked to ensure that it conforms to the standard system.

There are two types of user exit:

User exits that use INCLUDEs - These are customer enhancements that are called directly in the program.

User exits that use TABLEs - These are used and managed using Customizing. Should find the customer enhancements belonging to particular development class.

What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side?

What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs?

Should start with Y or Z.

How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requirements?

SLDB-F4.

How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tell you the transaction he uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures?

Transaction code is entered in command field to open the table – Utilities –

Table contents display.

How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP?

What are the different modules of SAP?

FI, CO, SD, MM, PP, HR.

How do you get help in ABAP?

HELP-SAP LIBRARY, by pressing F1 on a keyword.

What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?

What are the different elements in layout sets?

PAGES, Page windows, Header, Paragraph, Character String, Windows.

Can you use if then else, perform..etc statements in sap script?

Yes.

What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data?

Ans

How do your number pages in SAP Script layout outputs?

& page & &next Page &

What takes most time in SAP script programming?

LAYOUT DESIGN AND LOGO INSERTION.

How do you use tab sets in layout sets?

Define paragraph with defined tabs.

How do you backup SAP Script layout sets? Can you download and upload? How?

SAP script backup: - In transaction SE71 goto Utilities -> Copy from client -> Give source form name, source client (000 default), and Target form name.

Download: - SE71, type form name -> Display -> Utilities -> form info -> List -> Save to PC file.

Upload: - Create form with page, window, and page window with the help of downloaded PC file.

Text elements for Page windows to be copied from PC file.

What are presentation and application servers in SAP?

The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server.

In an ABAP/4 program, how do you access data that exists on Presentation Server vs on an Application Server?

Using loop statements and Flat

What are different data types in ABAP/4?

Elementary -

Predefined: C, D, F, I, N, P, T, X.

User defined: TYPES.

Structured -

Predefined: TABLES.

User defined: Field Strings and internal tables.

What is difference between session method and Call Transaction?

Call Transaction –

Single transaction

Synchronous processing

Asynchronous and Synchronous update

No session log is created

Faster

Session –

Multiple Transaction

Asynchronous processing

Synchronous update

Session log is created

Slower

Setting up a BDC program where you find information from?

What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session.

Fields converted into character type.

What is the structure of a BDC sessions.

BDCDATA (standard structure).

What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table.

PROGRAM, DYNPRO, DYNBEGIN, FNAM, FVAL.

What do you define in the domain and data element?

Domain - Technical details are defined in Domain like data type, number of decimal places and length.

Data Element – Functionality details are defined in Data elements – Field Text, Column Captions, Parameters ID, and Online Field Documentation.

What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level?

Pool tables are a logical representation of transparent tables. Hence no existence at database level.

Whereas transparent tables are physical tables and exist at database level.

Pool Table -

Many to One Relationship.

Table in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the fields have the different name as in the R3 Table definition.

It can hold only pooled tables.

Transparent Table –

One to One relationship.

Table in the Dictionary has the same name, same number of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3 Table definition.

It can hold Application data.

What is cardinality?

For cardinality one out of two (domain or data element) should be the same for Ztest1 and Ztest2 tables. M:N Cardinality specifies the number of dependent(Target) and independent (source) entities which can be in a relationship.

For Sales Document: Item Data, which table is used?

VBAP – Sales Document, Sales Document Item, Material Number, Material Entered, Batch Number, Material Group, Target Quantity in Sales Document.

What are the types of tables?

Transparent table 5) Pool table

Cluster table are data dictionary table objects 6) Sorted table

Indexed table 7) Hash table 4) internal tables.

282) what are pooled table?

A table in the database in which all records from the pooled tables assigned to the table pool are stored corresponds to a table pool. The definition of a pool consists essentially of two key fields (Tabname and Varkey) and a long argument field (Vardata).

Table Clusters Several logical data records from different cluster tables can be stored together in one physical record in a table cluster.

A cluster key consists of a series of freely definable key fields and a field (Pageno) for distinguishing continuation records. A cluster also contains a long field (Vardata) that contains the contents of the data fields of the cluster tables for this key. If the data does not fit into the long field, continuation records are created. Control information on the structure of the data string is still written at the beginning of the Vardata field.

What are Hashed Tables?

Hashed tables - This is the most appropriate type for any table where the main operation is key access. You cannot access a hashed table using its index. The response time for key access remains constant, regardless of the number of table entries. Like database tables, hashed tables always have a unique key. Hashed tables are useful if you want to construct and use an internal table, which resembles a database table or for processing large amounts of data.

SAMPLE PROG: THIS DOES NOTHING.

REPORT Z_1 .

TABLES: MARA.

DATA: I TYPE HASHED TABLE OF MARA WITH UNIQUE KEY MATNR

How did you test the form u developed? How did you take the print of it?

How many maximum number of fields can be there in a table?

How many primary keys can be there in a table?

What are the steps to perform Performance Tuning? What will you do increase the performance of your system?

What is mandatory in Screen Painter?

If u are entering large amount of data, and system fails, then how many records will be entered or no records or half records will be entered?

In Screen Painter, if two fields are mandatory and user do not want to enter anything but he wants to come out of the screen, then what will he do?

What is At-Exit and User-Exit?

How will you find the standard tables, you only know their names like Customer Master Table?

How will change Development Class?

How will you call both Function Module and Function Group?

What is ALV?

What is Chain-Field & Chain-Loop?

What is Value-Ranges?

How will you provide help for value request particular fields?

How will you find relationship between two or more tables?

In BDC‘s, if you forget to write one field, then how will you modify that field in your BDC program?

Detail concept of Transport Organizer.

Which is slower ―Select *‖ and ―Select field1, field2‖?

What are the errors in ―Call Transaction‖?

What is QA and production?

How will you display only 10 lines in Report?

In BDC, if out of 10 records, 7 are successful and there are 3 records with some missing fields, how will you modify those fields?

How will you set breakpoint to 100 messages?

How will you set Reports to Background job?

Name the tables, which is used to see all the transaction available.

See tables, TSTC and TSTCT for all the transaction available

List of SAP supplied Programs.

Details (5)	Program
Purchase Requisitions	RM06BB10
Material Master	RMDATIND
Vendor Master	RFBIKR00

Customer Master	RFBIDE00
Sales Order	RVINVB00
SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS (9) SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS (9) SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS (9) SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS (9) SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS (9) SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS (9) SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS (9) SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS (9) SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS

(9)

SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS

(9)

SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS

(9)

SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS

(9)

SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS

(9)

SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS

(9)

SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS

(9)

SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS

(9)

SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS

(9)

SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS

(9)
Logo	RSTXLDMC
Debug	RSTXDBUG
Upload / Download (Import / Export)	RSTXSCRP
Convert Page Format	RSTXFCON
Text File Inconsistent	RSTXCHK0
Copy Table Across Client	RSCLTCOP
Transfer Scripts Files Across System (Not Clients)	RSTXSCRP
Comparing The Contents Of A Table	RSTBSERV
Change The Development Class	RSWBO052
REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2)

REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2) REPORTS (2)
Submit A BDC Job With An Internal Batch Number	RSBDCBTC
Release Batch Input Sessions	RSBDCSUB
STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM

(7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM
(7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7) STANDARD PROGRAM (7)
Table Adjustment Across Clients	RSAVGL00
Extended Program List	RSINCL00
Get The Oracle Release	RSORAREL
Display All Instance Parameters	RSPARAM
Substitution / Validation Utility	RSUGBR00
Check Passwords Of Users SAP And DDIC In All Clients	RSUSR003
Last Users Last Login	RSUSR006

How to schedule a Report in background? What is the use of background job please explain about it?

There are 3 ways to schedule in background:

SM36

SE38

SA38

The easiest of the three is SA38.

Master data is a collection of information about a person or an object, e.g. a cost object, vendor, or G/L account. For example, a vendor master record contains not only general information such as the vendor's name and address, but also specific information, such as payment terms and delivery instructions. Generally for end users, master data is reference data that you will look up and use, but not create or change.

Transactional data is data related to a single business event such as a purchase requisition or a request for payment. When you create a requisition, for example, SAP creates an electronic document for that particular transaction. SAP gives the transaction a document number and adds the document to the transaction data that is already in the system. Whenever you complete a transaction in SAP, that is, when you create, change, or print a document in SAP, this document number appears at the bottom of the screen.

Workflow A routing tool in SAP that forwards documents for review or approval. For example, a requisition that needs to be approved is sent to the appropriate approver's inbox.Workflow is also used to route journal vouchers, credit card charges, and other documents in SAP.

What are the central interfaces of the R/3 system?

Presentation interface

Database interface

Operating system interface

Which interface controls what is shown on the p.c.?

Presentation interface

Which interface converts SQL requirements in the SAP development system to those of the database? - Database interface

What is SAP dispatcher?

SAP dispatcher is the control agent which manages the resources for the R/3 applications.

What are the functions of dispatcher?

Equal distribution of transaction load to the work processes

Management of buffer areas in main memory Integration of the presentation levels Organization of communication activies

What is a work process?

A work process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is done. Each work process handles one type of request.

Name various work processes of R/3 system?

Dialog or Online (processes only one request at a time)

Background ( started at a specified time ) 3) Update ( primary or secondary ) 4) Enque( lock mechanism ) 5) Spool ( generated online or during back ground processing For printing )

What are the types of Update requests?

An update request can be divided into one primary (V1) and several Secondary update components (V2). Time-critical operations are placed in V1 component and those whose timing are less critical are placed in V2 components. If a V1 update fails, V2 components will not be processed.

What are the roll and page areas?

Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests) . The SAP dispatcher assigns process requests to work processes as they are received. If the work process is unavailable the process requests are queued in the roll and page areas. Paging area holds data from the application programs. Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that characterizes user.

What is a Spool request?

Spool requests are generated during dialog or background processing and placed in the spool database with information about the printer and print format. The actual data is placed in the Tem Se (Temporary Sequential objects).

What are the different database integrities?

Semantic integrity

Relational integrity

Primary key integrity

Value set integrity - Foreign key integrity and - Operational integrity.

DATA DICTIONARY.

Type of a table or structure

The table type determines how the logical table description defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary is reproduced on the database. There are the following table types:

Transparent table

Structure

Append structure

For internal purposes, such as storing control data or update texts, there are in addition the following table types:

Pooled table

Cluster table

Generated view structure

Transparent table there is a physical table on the database for each transparent table. The names of the physical tables and the logical table definition in the ABAP/4 Dictionary correspond. All business data and application data are stored in transparent tables.

Structure No data records exist in the database for a structure. Structures are used for the interface definition between programs or between screens and programs.

Append structure an append structure defines a set of fields which belong to another table or structure but which are treated in the correction administration as its own object. Append structures are used to support modifications.

Pooled table Pooled tables can be used to store control data (e.g. screen sequences, program parameters or temporary data). Several pooled tables can be combined to form a table pool. The table pool corresponds to a physical table on the database in which all the records of the allocated pooled tables are stored.

Cluster table Cluster tables contain continuous text, for example, documentation. Several cluster tables can be combined to form a table cluster. Several logical lines of different tables are combined to form a physical record in this table type. This permits object-by-object storage or object-by-object access. In order to combine tables in clusters, at least parts of the keys must agree. Several cluster tables are stored in one corresponding table on the database.

Generated view structure In activation a structure is generated for a view. This structure serves as interface for the runtime environment. It does not generally appear in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.

What is a Data Class?

The Data class determines in which tablespace the table is stored when it is created in the database.

What is a Size Category?

The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database.

How Many types of size categories and data classes are there?

There are five size categories (04) and 11 data classes, only three of which are appropriate for application tables:

APPL0 - Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated)

APPL1 - Transaction data (data that is changed frequnetly)

APPL2 - Organisational data (customizing data that is entered when system is configured and then rarely changed)

What are control tables?

The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specific values via control tables.

What is the function of the transport system and workbench organizer?

The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to manage any changes made to objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport these changes between different SAP systems.

What is a table pool?

A table pool (or pool) is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. The definition of a pool consists of at least two key fields and a long argument field (VARDATA).

What are pooled tables?

These are logical tables which must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Pooled tables can be used to store control data (such as screen sequences or program parameters).

What is a table cluster?

A table cluster combines several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logical rows from different cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record. The records from the cluster tables assigned to a cluster are thus stored in a single common table in the database.

Which objects are independent transport objects?

Domains, Data elements, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes for transparent tables, Structures, Views,

Matchcode objects, Matchcode IDs, Lock objects.

What are the Data types of the external layer?

ACCP, CHAR, CLNT, CUKY, CURR, DATS, DEC, FLTP, INT1, INT2, INT4, LANG, LCHR, LRAW, NUMC, PREC, QUAN, RAW, TIMS, UNIT, VARC.

What are the Data types of the ABAP/4 layer?

Possible ABAP/4 data types: C: Character. D: Date, format YYYYMMDD. F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (8 bytes). I: Integer. N: Numerical character string of arbitrary length. P: Amount or counter field (packed; implementation depends on hardware platform). S: Time stamp

YYYYMMDDHHMMSS. T: Time of day HHMMSS. V: Character string of variable length, length is given in the first two bytes. X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage.

How can we set the table spaces and extent sizes?

You can specify the extent sizes and the table space (physical storage area in the database) in which a transparent table is to be stored by setting the size category and data class.

What is a data dictionary?

Data dictionary is a central source of data in a data management system. Its main function is to support the .It has details about

What data is contained?

What are the attributes of the data?

What is the relationship existing between the various data elements?

What functions does a data dictionary perform?

In a data management system, the principal functions performed by the data dictionary are

Management of data definitions

Provision of information for evaluation

Support for software development

Support form documentation

Ensuring that the data definitions are flexible and up-to-date.

A field containing currency amounts (data type CURR) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference field. Explain.

As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid currencies is assigned or any other table which contains a field with the currency key format. This field is called as reference field. The assignment of the field containing currency amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the currency of the amount.

What is the significance of Technical settings (specified while creating a table in the data dictionary)?

By specifying technical settings we can control how database tables are created in the database. The technical settings allows us to - optimize storage space requirements

Table access behavior

Buffering required

Changes to entries logged

What is the significance of Delivery Class?

The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible for table maintenance

Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.

Determines the table type. - determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it is transported, and when a client copy is performed.

What is the maximum number of structures that can be included in a table or structure - Nine.

What are the two methods of modifying Sap standard tables? - Append Structures and - Customizing Includes.

What is the difference between a Substructure and an Append Structure?

In case of a substructure, the reference originates in the table itself, in the form of a statement

.include... . - In case of an append structure, the table itself remains unchanged and the refrence originates in the append structure.

What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain ?

- By specifying fixed values. - By stipulating a value table.

What is a Match Code?

Match Code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match codes are an efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.

What are the two levels in defining a Match Code?

Match Code object - Match Code Id.

What is the maximum number of match code Id's that can be defined for one Match code object?

- 36. A match code Id is a one character ID which can be a letter or a number.

Can we define our own Match Code ID's for SAP Match codes?

Yes, the numbers 0 to 9 are reserved for us to create our own Match Code IDs for a SAP defined match code object.

What is an Update type with reference to a Match code ID?

If the data in one of the base tables of a match code ID changes, the match code data has to be updated. The update type stipulates when the match code is to be updated and how it is to be done. The update type also specifies which method is to be used for Building match codes. You must specify the update type when you define a match code ID.

What are conversion routines?

Nonstandard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-versa are implemented with so called conversion routines.

Aggregated Objects Views, match codes, and lock objects are also called aggregate objects because they are formed from several related tables.

What is a View?

A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e, the data from a view is not actually physically stored instead being derived from one or more tables. A view can be used to summarize data which is distributed among several tables

How many types of Views are there? - Database View (SE11)

Database views are implement an inner join, that is, only records of the primary table (selected via the join operation) for which the corresponding records of the secondary tables also exist are fetched. Inconsistencies between primary and secondary table could, therefore, lead to a reduced selection set. In database views, the join conditions can be formulated using equality relationships between any base fields. In the other types of view, they must be taken from existing foreign keys. That is, tables can only be collected in a maintenance or help view if they are linked to one another via foreign keys.

Help View (SE54)

Help views are used to output additional information when the online help system is called. When the F4 button is pressed for a screen field, a check is first made on whether a matchcode is defined for this field. If this is not the case, the help view is displayed in which the check table of the field is the primary table. Thus, for each table no more than one help view can be created, that is, a table can only be primary table in at most one help view.

Projection View

Projection views are used to suppress or mask certain fields in a table (projection), thus minimizing the number of interfaces. This means that only the data that is actually required is exchanged when the database is accessed. A projection view can draw upon only one table. Selection conditions cannot be specified for projection views.

Maintenance View (SE54)

Maintenance views enable a business-oriented approach to looking at data, while at the same time, making it possible to maintain the data involved. Data from several tables can be summarized in a maintenance view and maintained collectively via this view. That is, the data is entered via the view and then distributed to the underlying tables by the system.

What is locking?

When two users simultaneously attempt to access the same data record, this is synchronised by a lock mechanism.

When dialog transactions are programmed, locks are set and released by calling certain function modules. These function modules are generated automatically from the definition of so-called lock objects in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. To synchronize the access to a table by setting and removing locks, a Lock object has to be defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Activating the lock object automatically creates #function modules for setting and removing locks. These function modules must be included when programming interactive transactions.

Lock Mechanism: To set locks, a lock object must be defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. In this lock object, those tables in which data records are to be locked by calling a lock are determined. All tables included in a lock object must be connected to each other via foreign keys. The key fields of the tables in a lock object form the Lock arguments for the tables. The lock arguments are the basis for formulating the logical condition for identifying the records to be locked. When activating this lock object, two function modulesB with the names ENQUEUE_ and DEQUEUE_ are generated.

Example:

Problem: You wish to prevent a user from being able to change the name of a course or the name of the professor with responsibility for the course at a time when another user is editing the course description (which contains this information).

Solution: The problem described above can be solved by defining a lock object E_UKURS. This is done by defining primary and secondary tables in the lock object. Table UKURS is check table of table UKRSB, so UKURS should be selected as primary table and UKRSB as secondary table of the lock object. The Lock argument in this case is the field combination FABNR, KRSNR, and SPRAS (i.e Primary Key Combination). The Lock mode Shared is to be selected here. This allows several users to access the data simultaneously in display mode. The lock mode in the generated function modules for setting (ENQUEUE_E_UKURS) and releasing (DEQUEUE_E_UKURS) locks is therefore set to share as default, but can be overridden by calling the function modules. If the function module

ENQUEUE_E_UKURS is called with FABNR = '1' and KRSNR = '3', the record for course 3 in faculty 1 is locked in table UKURS. Furthermore, all the course descriptions for this course are locked in table UKRSB since field SPRAS was not specified when the function module was called. In such cases, the lock is made generically for a field which is not defined. If the function module DEQUEUE_E_UKURS is now called with FABNR = '1', KRSNR = '3' and SPRAS = 'D', the German course description is unlocked. All other course descriptions remain locked.

What is database utility?

Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system. The database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the relational database underlying the SAP system. You can call the database utility from the initial screen of the ABAP/4 Dictionary with Utilities ® Database utility. The database utility allows you to create, delete and convert objects from the ABAP/4 Dictionary in the database. MODULARIZATION

What is Modularization and its benefits?

If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the same function several times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and to update.

How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 Program?

A. By defining macros. B. By creating include programs in the library.

What are subroutines?

Subroutines are program modules which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or within the same program.

What are the types of Subroutines?

Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be in the same ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (internal call).

External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in an ABAP/4 program other than the calling procedure.

What are the different types of parameters?

Formal parameters: Parameters which are defined during the definition of subroutine with the FORM statement. Actual parameters: Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PERFORM statement.

How can one distinguish between different kinds of parameters?

A. Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines. B. Output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.

What are the different methods of passing data?

Calling by reference: During a subroutine call, only the address of the actual parameter is transferred to the formal parameters. The formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we work with the field of the calling program within the subroutine. If we change the formal parameter, the field contents in the calling program also change.

Calling by value: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have memory of their own. Changes to the formal parameters have no effect on the actual parameters.

Calling by value and result: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have their own memory space. Changes to the formal parameters are copied to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine. The method by which internal tables are passed is By Reference.

What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine?

In contrast to normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface. Sub routines do not return values.

Sub routines do not return exceptions. Sub routines cannot be tested independently. Declaring data as common parts is not possible for function modules. Function modules are stored in a central library. What is a function group? A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with each other. All the modules in the group are included in the same main program. When an ABAP/4 program contains a CALL FUNCTION statement, the system loads the entire function group in with the program code at runtime. Every function module belongs to a function group.

What is the difference between internal tables and extract datasets?

The lines of an internal table always have the same structure. By using extract datasets, you can handle groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped data.

You have to define the structure of the internal table at the begining. You need not define the structure of the extract dataset.

In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses extract datasets when storing them. This reduces the storage space required.

Internal tables require special work area for interface whereas extract datasets do not need a special work area for interface.

LOGICAL DATABASE.

What are logical databases?

What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?

A Logical Database is a hierarchical structure of tables. Use the GET statement to process Logical Databases. - LDB consists of logically related tables grouped together used for reading and processing data.

Advantages = 1. No need of programming for retrieval, meaning for data selection - 2. Easy to use standard user interface, have check completeness of user input.

Disadvantages = 1. Fast in case of lesser no. of tables but if the table is in the lowest level of hierarchy, all upper level tables should be read so performance is slower.

Preparation of the data records by the L.D.B and reading of the data records in the actual report are accomplished with the command pair.

Put and Get.

The three main elements of LDB are - Structure, Selections, and Database Program.

What sort of tables one can use in designing the hierarchy of a LDB? - Tables which are having Foreign key relations.

The structure of Logical Databases reflects the ________________ dependencies of hierarchical tables in the SAP System.

Foreign key

If you want to improve the response time (time to access data) Logical DataBases permits you to achieve this using ______________ - VIEWS.

What are the advantages of Logical Data Bases?

It offers an easy-to-use selection screen.

You can modify the pre-generated selection screen to your needs. It offers check functions to check whether user input is complete, correct, and plausible.

It offers reasonable data selections.

It contains central authorization checks for database accesses.

Enhancements such as improved performance immediately apply to all report programs that use the logical database.

Report FORMATTING In order to suppress the leading zeros of a number field the keywords used are : NO-ZERO. The Command that allows for vertical alignment of fields one below the other. UNDER. In order to concatenate strings only for output purposes the command _________ can be used in conjunction with the 'Write' statement. NO-GAP. Data can be moved from one field to another using a 'Write:' Statement and stored in the desired format. TRUE. Write : Date_1 to Date_2 format DD/MM/YY. In order to have boldfaced text as output the command used is Write : INTENSIFIED. Background and foreground colors can be interchanged using the command Format inverse. Which datatype cannot be used to define parameters. Type F. For each new event, the system resets all formatting options to their default values. TRUE.

The processing block following END-OF-PAGE is processed only if you reserve lines for the footer in the LINE-COUNT option of the REPORT statement.

To execute a page break under the condition that less than a certain number of lines is left on a page is acheived by ________________________. RESERVE n lines. What is the limit for the length of a page if the page length is not specified in the report statement. 60,000 Lines. How can Symbols or R/3 icons be output on the screen? WRITE AS SYMBOL. WRITE AS ICON.

REPORTING - GENERAL What are reports? and how do you set up reports? A report program reads and analyzes data from one or more database tables without modifying the database. Usually, the result of such a report program is in the form of a list which is output to the screen or sent to a printer. What are the different types of programs?

I Include Program

M Module Pool

F Function Modules

S External Subroutines

1 Online program

Events in Reporting? Explain?

The following events occur at runtime of a typical report program which uses logical databases: Event keyword

Event

-- INITIALIZATION

Point before the selection screen is displayed

When you start a program in which a selection screen is defined (either in the program itself or in the linked logical database program), the system normally processes this selection screen first. If you want to execute a processing block before the selection screen is processed, you can assign it to the event keyword INITIALIZATION.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN

Point after processing user input on the selection screen while the selection screen is still active the event keyword AT SELECTION-SCREEN provides you with several possibilities to carry out processing blocks while the system is processing the selection screen.

START-OF-SELECTION

Point after processing the selection screen

The event START-OF-SELECTION gives you the possibility of creating a processing block after processing the selection screen and before accessing database tables using a logical database. You can use this processing block, for example, to set the values of internal fields or to write informational statements onto the output screen. At the START-OF-SELECTION event, also all statements are processed that are not attached to an event keyword except those that are written behind a FORM-ENDFORM block.

GET

Point at which the logical database offers a line of the database table

The most important event for report programs with an attached logical database is the moment at which the logical database program has read a line from a database table (see Accessing Data Using Logical Databases). To start a processing block at this event, use the GET statement as follows: Syntax

GET

[FIELDS].

[FIELDS]. After this statement, you can work with the current line of the database table

. The data is provided in the table work area

GET LATE

Point after processing all tables which are hierarchically subordinate to the database table

in the structure of the logical database.

To start a processing block at the moment after the system has processed all database tables of a logical database that are hierarchically inferior to a specific database table, use the event keyword GET as follows:

Syntax:

GET

LATE [FIELDS]

In analogy to report programs that use only SELECT statements (see table in Comparison of Access Methods), the processing block of a GET

LATE

Statement would appear directly before the ENDSELECT statement in the SELECT loop for the database table

END-OF-SELECTION

Point after processing all lines offered by the logical database.

To define a processing block after the system has read and processed all database tables of a logical database, use the keyword END-OF-SELECTION. The following events occur during the processing of the output list of a report program: Event keyword

Event

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TOP-OF-PAGE

Point during list processing when a new page is started

END-OF-PAGE

Point during list processing when a page is ended

The following events occur during the display of the output list of a report program: Event keyword Event

--AT LINE-SELECTION

Point at which the user selects a line

AT USER-COMMAND

Point at which the user presses a function key or enters a command in the command field.

AT PF

Point at which the user presses the function key with the function code PF

With the selection screen, ABAP/4 offers an interactive element also for report programs. You can define a selection screen without having to bother about all the details required in dialog programming. The selection screen is always processed directly after a report program is started. The user can enter field values and selection criteria on this screen. The main purpose of the selection screen is to enable the user to control the database selections of the report program. If a report program is started from another ABAP/4 program with the SUBMIT statement (see Calling Reports), the selection screen objects also serve as a data interface, With a selection screen defined in the report program, you can enable the user to

assign values to variables with the PARAMETERS statement

determine selection criteria with the SELECT-OPTIONS statement

How do you read selected lines of database table into an internal table in packages of predefined size?.

SELECT * FROM INTO TABLE PACKAGE SIZE . where 'n' is variable.

Name the WILDCARD characters which are used for comparisions with character strings & numeric strings.

'%' and '_'.

How to specify a client for database table processing.

TABLES SPFLI.

SELECT * FROM SPFLI CLIENT SPECIFIED

WHERE MANDT BETWEEN '001' AND '003'.

...

ENDSELECT.

Activation During activation, the runtime object of aggregate object or tables is created. The runtime object is buffered so that the application program can access it quickly. Runtime object has information about the following objects of table - domain data elements field definition table definition

Lock Mechanism prevents a new database operation being started an existing one has been correctly completed. When conversion is done, lock is created automatically and released only when conversion is successful. Clearing of locks restart adjustment attempt is made to continue conversion at the point of termination

Cancel adjustment lock entry is simply deleted from table

Version Management functions

Canceling changes reset revised version to active version

Storing changes active version will be temporarily stored in version

Switching changes switch between active and revised versions

Version catalog list of all existing versions of an object

Revised version produced when we edit an existing object

Active version produced when we activate an object

Temporary version produced when we copy the active version temporarily to the database with store version functions

Historical versions created when 1. Correction is created 2 correction is released

Table Buffering: Possible buffering types

Full buffering either, whole table or none of the table is located in the buffer (Tables up to 30 kb done in client dependent fully buffered tables)

Generic buffering generic areas of the table are fully buffered.

Generic key left justified section of primary key of a table.

Single record buffering records actually being accessed are loaded to buffers, large records where few records are accessed.

Internal Tables? Types?

STANDARD table Key access to a standard table uses a linear search. This means that the time required for a search is in linear relation to the number of table entries. You should use index operations to access standard tables.

SORTED table Defines the table as one that is always saved correctly sorted. Key access to a sorted table uses a binary key. If the key is not unique, the system takes the entry with the lowest index. The runtime required for key access is logarithmically related to the number of table entries.

HASHED table Defines the table as one that is managed with an internal hash procedure You can only access a hashed table using the generic key operations or other generic operations (SORT, LOOP, and so on). Explicit or implicit index operations (such as LOOP ... FROM oe INSERT itab within a LOOP) are not allowed.

INDEX table A table that can be accessed using an index. Index table is only used to specify the type of generic parameters in a FORM or FUNCTION. That means that you can't create a table of type INDEX. Standard tables and sorted tables are index tables.

Syntax: DATA itab TYPE table type of line type [WITH UNIQUE/NON-UNIQUE KEY ] [Iinitial size n] [WITH HEADER LINE]

What are DATA CLUSTERS?

You can group any complex internal data objects of an ABAP/4 program together in data clusters and store them temporarily in ABAP/4 memory or for longer periods in databases. You can store data clusters in special databases of the ABAP/4 Dictionary. These databases are known as ABAP/4 cluster databases and have a predefined structure.Storing a data cluster is specific to ABAP/4. Although you can also access cluster databases using SQL statements, only ABAP/4 statements are able to decode the structure of the stored data cluster.

Describe the functions of the debugger screen.

Single step (F5) - Use this option to step through the program statement by statement. This allows you to branch into subroutines and function modules, and to execute these routines step by step as well. Once a subroutine or function module has been processed, control returns to the statement following the CALL FUNCTION or PERFORM statement.

Execute (F6) - Use this option to process a program line by line. All of the statements on the current line are processed in a single step. If you are positioned on a line that calls a subroutine and you choose Execute, the Debugger processes the whole subroutine and then moves on to the line following the subroutine call. This allows you to jump through the statements within the subroutine.

Return (F7) - The Debugger returns from a routine to the point at which control returns to the main program. Use this option to return from a subroutine, function module, or called program to the calling program.

Continue (F8) - Use this option to process the program up to the next dynamic or static breakpoint or up to the cursor position. If there are no more breakpoints in the program and no cursor has been set, the system exits debugging mode and executes the rest of the program normally.

Tables - Display the contents of internal tables.

How to run a program in background?

Solution: Execute the Report In the selection screen: After filling the screen fields press F9. A screen appears requesting U to print the Background Parameters *Enter the output device (Eg HPLJ /SAP2 etc.) *In the spool options Uncheck Print immedietly,Uncheck delete after output, and new spool request. Press enter. Another screen appears with heading start time .U can press start immly, then save now the Background job is scheduled for the given program.

To View the status of background Job,The transaction code is SM37. Execute from the resulting screen.

Job overview -->From the Job list select U'r program and select Spool from the application toolbar Output Controller: List of Spool Requests Select U'r Spool request and click Display icon from the overview screen. U will be displayed with the List. Caution: See to that the list with does not exceed 255 columns, If it exceeds the extra columns will be truncated in Background

What are presentation and application servers in SAP?

A presentation server is actually a program named Sapgui.exe. It is usually installed on a user's workstation. Application server is a set of executables that collectively interpret the ABAP/4 programs and manage the input & output for them.

In an ABAP/4 program how do you access data that exists on a presentation server v/s on an application server?

For presentation server use UPLOAD or WS_UPLOAD function modules. For application server use OPEN DATASET, READ DATASET and CLOSE DATASET commands.

Describe the syntax and function of the AUTHORITY CHECK command?

AUTHORITY CHECK OBJECT

ID FIELD ID FIELD ... IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. The AUTHORITY-CHECK checks whether a user has the appropriate authorization to execute a particular activity.

The Debugger is a programming tool that you can use to execute ABAP programs, by line or by section.

With this tool, you can display data objects and check the flow logic of programs.

Two types of debugging are currently possible: Debugging with the classic Debugger for release levels up to and including 6.40 or debugging with the new Debugger, which is available for all releases after 6.40. The main differences between the classic and the new ABAP Debuggers are described below:

The Classic ABAP Debugger runs in the same roll area as the application to be analyzed (debuggee). It is therefore displayed in the same window as the application. However, this technology also has some restrictions. For example, some ABAP programs (such as conversion exist) cannot be analyzed in debug mode for technical reasons. However, the most significant restriction is that no ABAP technology can be used for designing the Debugger interface and it is therefore not possible to create a modern user interface.

The New ABAP Debugger, on the other hand, is executed in a separate external session (Debugger), while the application to be analyzed (debuggee) uses a second external session. With this technology, the user interface of the Debugger can be designed freely by ABAP means.

The new Debugger provides the user with a flexible interface that can be configured as required and has more than eight desktops. Here it is possible to place and arrange up to four tools - depending on the user's selection. For example, it is possible to display source texts or structures. In this way, the user can design the Debugger interface according to his own individual requirements.

As of Release 6.40, you can select the debugging type as you wish by choosing the classic Debugger or the new Debugger in the ABAP Editor from the path Utilities ® Settings. It is also possible to switch the Debugger at any time during a session under the menu option Debugging. As of Release 7.00, the new ABAP Debugger is the default.

What is the difference b/w script and smart form?

Script is Client Dependent,

Smart forms are Client Independent.

Multiple Page formats are possible in Smart forms.

Multiple Page formats are not possible in Scripts.

We can maintain Background Graphics in Smart forms.

Scripts does not generate any Function modules.

Smartforms generate Functionmodules.

We can add colors in Smart forms

We cannot add colors in Scripts

Scripts maintains 99 main windows.

Smart forms maintains only one Main window.

Smart forms are 100% portable by exporting to .xml format. Scripts layouts are not portable. Even if we import a Script into a smart form, it’s not 100% imported.

Templates are available in Smart forms but not in Scripts.

ddic objects - tables, structures, views, data elements, domains, lock objects, search helps etc.

What is an index? Types of index and there uses?

2 types of indexes

Basic index - default it will exist for tables.

Secondary index - we need to create on requirement.

Speed up the data retrieval due index fields r sorted

What is the difference between view and table?

Table comprises of rows and columns, columns representing fields and rows containing the data or records.

View is an imaginary table which contains data at run time.

You can add SQL functions, WHERE, and JOIN statements to a view and present the data as if the data were coming from one single table.

How many secondary lists can we create in an ALV?

0 basic lists

1-20 interactive lists

What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program?

ANS: - HEADER, BODY, FOOTER.

What are field symbols and field groups?

Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups?

ANS:-

Field symbols:-

Field groups:-

Can anybody explain me what is field group?

Field groups are similar fields together into one name. Field group works in conjunction with

INSERT f1 f2 INTO fg

EXTRACT fg

SORT BY fg

LOOP ... ENDLOOP

INSERT f1 f2 INTO fg

---------------------

The insert statement is used to create a field group dynamically by inserting the field into it. Only global data fields can be inserted and not local data fields eg : in form modules.

EXTRACT fg

----------

This will combine all the fields in the fieldgroup and write them to a sequential dataset as a single record.

SORT BY fg

----------

Sorting of sequential dataset by field group.

LOOP AND ENDLOOP

---------------

LOOP. AT ***

......

....

ENDAT.

AT ***

.....

....

ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?

STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION".

STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER".

STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE i) call transaction (Write the program explicitly) ii) Create sessions (sessions are created and processed. if success data will transfer).

What is a batch input session?

BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table.

Data along with the action is stored in session i.e. data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.

What is the alternative to batch input session?

Call transaction.

A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session.

We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it?

Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING)

What are the problems in processing batch input sessions?

How is batch input process different from processing online?

ANS:-

PROBLEMS:-

i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue (log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually. ii) If session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table.

What are the different types of data dictionary objects?

ANS: - tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Match code objects.

How many types of tables exist and what are they in data dictionary?

: - 4 types of tables

Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Open sql and Native sql can be used.

Pool tables & iii) Cluster tables -

These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables. One cannot use native sql on these tables

(Only open sql). They are not manageable directly using database system tools.

IV) Internal tables - .

What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?

Step 1: creating domains (data type, field length, range). Step 2: creating data elements (properties and type for a table field). Step 3: creating tables (SE11).

Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?

NO.

TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE, EXACTLY WITH

THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.

What are the domains and data elements?

DOMAINS: FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATA TYPE, LENGTH, RANGE.

DATA ELEMENT: A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT.

Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?

YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI. Here we are referring to a data object (SPFLI) not data element.

What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?

GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other program without creating it again).

What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?

Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements:

EXTRACT .

EXTRACT HEADER.

When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields.

As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another

EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs.

What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?

If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.

What is open sql vs native sql?

Open SQL, native SQL are the interfaces to create the database applications.

Open SQL is consistent across different types of existing Databases.

Native SQL is the database language specific to database. Its API is specific to the database. Open SQL API is consistent across all vendors

What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?

What is the meaning of ABAP/4 editor integrated with ABAP/4 data dictionary?

What are the events in ABAP/4 language?

Initialization, At selection-screen,Start-of-selection,end-of-selection,top-of-page,end-of-page, At lines election, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST,AT END,

AT FIRST.

What is an interactive report?

What is the obvious diff of such report compared with classical type reports?

An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on user’s choice. Diff:-

THE LIST PRODUCED BY CLASSICAL REPORT DOESN'T allow user to interact with the system the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system.

ONCE A CLASSICAL REPORT EXECUTED USER LOOSES CONTROL.IR USER HAS CONTROL.

IN CLASSICAL REPORT DRILLING IS NOT POSSIBLE.IN INTERACTIVE DRILLING IS POSSIBLE.

What is a drill down report?

It’s an Interactive report where in the user can get more relevant data by selecting explicitly.

How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.

Creating function module:-

Called program - se37-creating function group, function module by assigning attributes, importing, exporting, tables, and exceptions. Calling program - SE38-in program click pattern and write function name- provide export, import, ables, exception values.

What are the exceptions in function module?

COMMUNICATION_FAILURE

SYSTEM_FAILURE

What is a function group?

GROUP OF ALL RELATED FUNCTIONS.

How are the date and time field values stored in SAP?

DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS

Name a few data dictionary objects? //rep//

TABLES, VIEWS, STRUCTURES, LOCK OBJECTS,MATCHCODE OBJECTS.

What happens when a table is activated in DD?

It is available for any insertion, modification and updating of records by any user.

What is a check table and what is a value table?

Check table will be at field level checking.

Value table will be at domain level checking ex: SCARR table is check table for CARRID.

What are match codes? Describe?

It is a similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-primary keys.

What transactions do you use for data analysis?

What is table maintenance generator?

What are ranges? What are number ranges?

Max, min values provided in selection screens.

What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?

Select options provide ranges whereas parameters do not.

SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table which is automatically filled with values or ranges of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS, the system creates a selection table.

SELECT-OPTIONS FOR .

A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH.

The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of .

The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply)

diff:-

PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report. SELECT-OPTIONS allow users to fill an internal table with a range of values.

For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by choosing Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change.

Eg: - Parameters name (30).

When the user executes the ABAP/4 program, an input field for 'name' will appear on the selection screen. You can change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text elements as described in Selection Texts.

How do you validate the selection criteria of a report?

And how do you display initial values in a selection screen?

Validate: - by using match code objects. Display: - Parameters default 'xxx'. Select-options for spfli-carrid.

What are selection texts?

What is CTS and what do you know about it?

The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project. For practical information on working with the Change and Transport System, see Change and Transport Organizer and Transport Management System.

When a program is created and need to be transported to production does selection texts always go with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS Entries? How do you do it?

What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?

Are programs client dependent?

Yes. Group of users can access these programs with a client no.

Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs?

SY-SUBRC,SY-DBCNT,SY-LILLI,SY-DATUM,SY-UZEIT,SY-UCOMM,SY-TABIX..... SY-LILLI IS ABSOLUTE NO OF LINES FROM WHICH THE EVENT WAS TRIGGERED.

What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement?

it is a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program.

They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.

Using SY-DBCNT.

The number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record population.

46. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?

Performance of ABAPs can be improved by minimizing the amount of data to be transferred.

The data set must be transferred through the network to the applications, so reducing the amount OF time and also reduces the network traffic.

Some measures that can be taken are:

Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of better reusability).

Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *. - Range tables should be avoided (IN operator) - Avoid nested SELECTS.

i) System tools

ii) Field symbols and field groups. ans:- Field Symbols : Field symbols are placeholders for existing fields. A Field Symbol does not physically reserve space for a field, but points to a field which is not known until runtime of the program. eg:- FIELD-SYMBOL [].

Field groups: A field group combines several fields under one name. At runtime, the INSERT command is used to define which data fields are assigned to which field group.

There should always be a HEADER field group that defines how the extracted data will be sorted, the data is sorted by the fields grouped under the HEADER field group.

What are datasets?

The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.

How to find the return code of a statement in ABAP programs? Using function modules.

What are interface/conversion programs in SAP?

CONVERSION: LEGACY SYSTEM TO FLAT FILE.

INTERFACE: FLAT FILE TO SAP SYSTEM.

52. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?

To read data from a database tables we use logical database.

A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.

adv:-

The programmer need not worry about the primary key for each table. Because Logical database knows how the different tables relate to each other, and can issue the SELECT command with proper where clause to retrieve the data.

An easy-to-use standard user interface.

Check functions which check that user input is complete, correct and plausible. iii) Meaningful data selection. iv) Central authorization checks for database accesses.

v) Good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic.

disadv:-

i)If you do not specify a logical database in the program attributes, the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command, so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).

What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report?

AT LINE-SELECTION, AT USER-COMMAND, AT PF.

What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP/4 query tool?

What are the functional areas? User groups? And how does ABAP/4 query work in relation to these?

Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP/4 query?

What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them?

What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session?

We will look into the error log file (SM35).

What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?

We look into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect session we analyze the session to determine which screen and value produced the error. For small errors in data we correct them interactively otherwise modify batch input program that has generated the session or many times even the data file.

How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the event driven batch jobs?

Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING)

Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run?

What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant table for that?

Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?

Yes.

What is a currency factoring technique?

How do you document ABAP/4 programs? Do you use program documentation menu option?

What is SAPscript and layout set?

The tool which is used to create layout set is called SAP script. Layout set is a design document.

What are the ABAP/4 commands that link to a layout set?

ans:- control commands, system commands,

What is output determination?

What are IDOCs?

ans:- IDOCs are intermediate documents to hold the messages as a container.

What are screen painter? Menu painter? GUI status? Etc.

ans:- dynpro - flow logic + screens. Menu painter -

GUI Status - It is subset of the interface elements (title bar, menu bar, standard tool bar, and push buttons) used for a certain screen.

The status comprises those elements that are currently needed by the transaction.

What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO.

ans:- The control statements that control the screen flow. PBO - This event is triggered before the screen is displayed.

PAI - This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data and clicks the pushbutton.

Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP?

ans:- Create program-SE93-create transaction code-Run it from command field.

Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of screen painter called?

What are step loops? How do you program page down page up in step loops?

ans:- step loops are repeated blocks of field in a screen.

Is ABAP a GUI language?

ANS:- Yes. ABAP IS AN EVENT DRIVEN LANGUAGE.

Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written?

What is the XXXXXTOP program? ans:- ABAP/4 program. DYNPRO

What are include programs?

ANS:- When the same sequence of statements in several programs are to be written repeatedly they are coded in include programs (External programs) and are included in

ABAP/4 programs.

Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program?

ans:- Yes- only external subroutines Using 'SUBMIT' statement.

What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precautions are needed?

What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side?

What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs?

Should start with Y or Z.

How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requirements?

ans:- SLDB-F4.

How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tells you the transaction he uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures? ans:- Transaction code is entered in command field to open the table. Utilities-Table contents-display.

How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP?

What are the different modules of SAP?

FI, CO, SD, MM, PP, HR.

How do you get help in ABAP?

ans:- HELP-SAP LIBRARY, by pressing F1 on a keyword.

What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?

ans:-

What are the different elements in layout sets?

ans:- PAGES, Page windows, Header, Paragraph, Character String, Windows.

Can you use if then else, perform..Etc statements in sap script?

ans:- yes.

What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data?

How do you number pages in sapscript layout outputs?

What takes most time in SAP script programming?

ANS:- LAYOUT DESIGN AND LOGO INSERTION.

How do you use tab sets in layout sets?

How do you backup sapscript layout sets? Can you download and upload? How?

What are presentation and application servers in SAP?

In an ABAP/4 program how do you access data that exists on a presentation server vs on an application server?

ans:-

i)using loop statements.

ii)flat

What are different data types in ABAP/4?

ans:-

Elementary - predefined C,D,F,I,N,P,T,X. user defined TYPES.

ex: see in intel book page no 35/65

Structured - predefined TABLES.

userdefined Field Strings and internal tables.

What is difference between session method and Call Transaction?

Setting up a BDC program where you find information from?

What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session?

Fields converted into character type.

What is the structure of a BDC sessions. ans:- BDCDATA (standard structure).

What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table? ans:- program, dynpro, dynbegin, fnam, fval.

What do you define in the domain and data element?

Technical details like

What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level? ans:- ii)Pool tables is a logical representation of transparent tables .Hence no existence at database level. Whereas transparent tables are physical tables and exist at database level.

What is cardinality?

For cardinality one out of two (domain or data element) should be the same for Ztest1 and Ztest2 tables.

M:N

Cardinality specifies the number of dependent (Target) and independent (source) entities which can be in a relationship.

What are dml statements in sap?

Ans: Insert, Update, Delete.

What is the difference between open sql & native sql?

Ans: Open SQL allows you to access all database tables known to the SAP system, regardless of the database manufacturer. Sometimes, however, we may want to use

database-specific SQL statements called Native SQL in your ABAP/4 program.

To avoid incompatibilities between different database tables and also to make ABAP/4 programs independent of the database system in use, SAP has created a set of separate SQL statements called Open SQL. Open SQL contains a subset of standard SQL statements as well as some enhancements which are specific to SAP.

A database interface translates SAP's Open SQL statements into SQL commands specific to the database in use. Native SQL statements access the database directly

What is Primary key, foreign key? What is primary index? Secondary index?

Primary index: the primary index contains key fields of a table and a pointer to non-key fields of the table. The primary index is created automatically when a table is created in database and moreover you can further define reference to the primary index which are known as Secondary index.

How many indexes can be created for a table?

Ans: 9.

What is data class?

Ans: The data class specifies in which table space the table is created in database.

Give few names of pooled tables in sap?

Ans: A pool table has many to one relation with the table in the database. For one table in the database there are many tables in the dictionary. The table in the database has a diff name than in the table in the data dict, it has diff no of fields and field names are different. A pooled table is stored in the pool at the database level. A table pool is a database table with a special structure that enables the data of many R3 tables to be stored in it. It can hold only pooled tables.

Give few names of transparent tables?

Ans: A transparent table has a one to one relationship in the database. The table in the dictionary has the same name, same no of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3 table definition. A transparent table has application data (Master and Transaction).

What is a buffer and how many types?

Ans: Buffer is nothing but which stores data temporarily. There are two types of buffers. They are Roll and Page areas.

Pages: it stores the application data.

Roll area: it stores the data of previous pages. Data areas of used programs are created in roll areas for each internal session.

What is table maintenance generator and how to create that? What is the transaction code?

Ans: Table maintenance generator is nothing but making a table available for adding records and deleting records.

The transaction code used is SM30.

How to add new fields to a standard sap table?

Ans: 1. Appended structures 2. Customizing tables

What are lock objects?

Ans: Lock objects are nothing but which holds a data for particular field value until you remove a lock..

Diff between inner & outer join?

Ans:

What is the use of start-of-selection event?

Ans: Start-of-selection is called implicitly even it is not used in the program. Start-of-selection is triggered after the standard selection screen has been displayed.

What is the difference between end-of-page and end-of-selection?

Ans: End-of-page: is footer of the page. End-of-selection: is triggered at the end of the processing block.

If you write a write statement after end-of-selection, will that be triggered? Ans: Yes

How to create a button in selection screen?

Ans: Using parameters

How to add a GUI status in a selection screen?

Ans: set pf.

How to create a check box/option button in a list?

Ans: Regarding Runtime creation of Check Boxes

Can you call a BDC program from a report? How?

Ans: Yes through Submit and return

Can you call a transaction from a report? How?

Ans: Yes Using Call transaction and leave to.

What are ALV reports? How they are different from normal reports?

Ans: these reports are used to find subtotals and totals in a report. If you want i'll give you an example program

What is the use of SLIS type pool in alv reports?

Ans: Slis type pool is a global definition of pool types of catalog structure, table and layout which we use in ALV reports

Difference between top-of-page and top-of-page during at-line- selection?

Ans: Top-of-page is a header on primary list. Top-of-page during line-selection is a header on secondary lists

In an interactive report, after going to 5th list, can you come back to 2nd list? how?

How many type of internal tables are there?

Ans: Standard, Hashed, Sorted tables

What the difference is between hashed & sorted internal tables?

Ans: Sorted internal table works on Binary Search and Hashed internal tables works on hashed algorithm through indexes.

What is the difference between standard and sorted internal tables? (in performance wise)

Ans: Sorted table improve the performance in case of a huge table which has no: of records

When do you need to create an internal table with header line? and without a header line? line?

Ans: If we don't want to use any explicit work area then it‟s better to go for an internal table with header line.

Which of these methods can be best used in background process? Ans : Batch Input method.

What is direct input method?

What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?

Ans: Exec Sql[Performing

The above is the syntax for the native sql statements.

Disadvantages:

. Syntax check is not done to statements written inside the EXEC SQL statements.

What is the meaning of ABAP/4 editor integrated with ABAP/4 data dictionary?

What are selection texts?

Ans: in the selection screen you can change the name of the field, title etc using selection texts. go to text-> text elements---> selection texts in the menu bar to set selection texts.

What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?

How to find the return code of a statement in ABAP programs? Ans: Through functions.

What is performance tuning?

Ans: Performance tuning for Data Selection Statement

What are steps you follow to improve the performance of a report?

Ans: 1) USe select fields statements (not select *) 2) Use views rather than tables 3) Don't use nested Select.

What is the role of ST05 in performance tuning?

Ans: SQL trace

Will join conditions in sql queries affect performance? How?

Ans : Yes

Will sorted internal tables help in performance?

Ans: Yes

Will where conditions in a sql query help improve performance?

Ans: No Not at all

Does select single *. / Select *. Affect performance? How?

Ans: Select single we use for first hit of the record. So obviously Select single will improve the performance.

# 1. What are the 2 boxes in your system for coding for Abap and their logins?

Development System & IDES/Sandbox

# 2. If I get a problem on a report in Production server how can I modify the report.

If the problem in production server we have to alter the program in Development Client and transport it to QA client Test it thoroughly and then Transport it to Production.

# 3. Tell me about Tokens.

Tokens are Issues sent by the Client to us.

#4 .How to fix the bugs and where you will do those things.

It Actual depends what kind of bugs they asked about:

If it is a problem in Program, then we alter them in the SE38 (Development) and transport it after testing to Production Server.

#5. What is a sandboxes?

SAND BOX is nothing but a test client other than Development Client or QA.

#6.How to connect the from your office to client in US.

It will be configured by the BASIS guys..

In the sap logon pad they will enter the application server id and Routing String and the Server type in the System Number....

With that we will connect

#7.Tell me about VPN and the connections.

It’s another way to connect to other PC. It’s a 3rd party utility....

#8. How to login Ur system.

Thru SAP Logon enter the client number, user id & password.

#9 .What is the purpose of SE14.

Database Utility to perform table maintenance such as deleting the table or adjusting the table when there is a structure change.

#10 .What is the purpose of SM30.

SM30 is a table Maintenance for the Z table Created by us.

#11.In Data dictionary in the table creation, what is the purpose of Technical settings.

To identify the Size of the Table Created and to Set whether buffering needs to be done for the table or not.

#12. What is the purpose of buffering in technical settings and for what type of tables are using buffering.

It will reduce the Network traffic but disadvantage is it will not update the Server back immediately.

#13. In reporting tell me all the events in a sequential order.

Initialization. - At Selection-Screen - Start-of-Selection.

Top-of-Page. - At Pfn.

End-of-Page.

End-of-Selection.

What is an ABAP?

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL.

What is an ABAP data dictionary?

ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.

What are domains and data element?

Domains: Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.

What is foreign key relationship?

A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.

Describe data classes.

Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data: It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.

What are indexes?

Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables.

In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.

Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.

Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the

Database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.

What is an ABAP/4 Query?

ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.

What is BDC programming?

Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC (Batch Data Communications). The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into

“Sessions”.

What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?

These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session.

BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.

What are internal tables?

Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.

What is ITS?

What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the

R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.

What is DynPro?

DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.

What are screen painter and menu painter?

Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 application.

What are the components of SAP scripts?

SAP scripts are a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.

What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?

ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.

What are the events in ABAP/4 language?

Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At lineselection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.

What is CTS and what do you know about it?

What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ disadvantages of logical databases?

To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.

Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct, and plausible.

ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic.

Disadvantages: i)If you don‟t specify a logical database in the program attributes, the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command, so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).

What is a batch input session?

How to upload data using CATT?

These are the steps to be followed to upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.

What is Smart Forms?

Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.

How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?

Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific; some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.

What is the difference between macro and subroutine?

Macros can only be used in the program that are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program that are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I‟ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.

What is the difference between structure and table in data dictionary in ABAP?

Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure.

Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store.

Table can have primary key but a structure does not have.

Table can have the technical attribute but a structure does not have.

Structure doesn't contain technical attributes.

Structure doesn't contain primary key.

Structure doesn't stores underline database level.

What is the difference between collect and sum?

SUM.

When processing an internal table in a block starting with LOOP and concluded by ENDLOOP , SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P (see also ABAP/4 number types ) and places them in the LOOP output area (header line of the internal table or an explicitly specified work area).

When you use SUM in a LOOP with an explicitly specified output area, this output area must be compatible with the line type of the internal table. When using LOOP to process a sorted extract (see SORT ), the control total of f at the end of the group appears in the field SUM(f) - - if f is type I , F or P .

COLLECT.

COLLECT is used to create unique or compressed datasets. The key fields are the default key fields of the internal table itab .

If you use only COLLECT to fill an internal table, COLLECT makes sure that the internal table does not contain two entries with the same default key fields.

If, besides its default key fields, the internal table contains number fields, the contents of these number fields are added together if the internal table already contains an entry with the same key fields.

If the default key of an internal table processed with COLLECT is blank, all the values are added up in the first table line.

If you specify wa INTO , the entry to be processed is taken from the explicitly specified work area wa . If not, it comes from the header line of the internal table itab .

After COLLECT, the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the - existing or new - table entry with default key fields which match those of the entry to be processed.

COLLECT can create unique or compressed datasets and should be used precisely for this purpose. If uniqueness or compression are unimportant, or two values with identical default key field values could not possibly occur in your particular task, you should use APPEND instead. However, for a unique or compressed dataset which is also efficient, COLLECT is the statement to use.

If you process a table with COLLECT, you should also use COLLECT to fill it. Only by doing this can you guarantee that the internal table will actually be unique or compressed, as described above and COLLECT will run very efficiently.

If you use COLLECT with an explicitly specified work area, it must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.

How we format the data before write statement in report?

We can format the reports output by using the loop events like:

1. at first

2. at new

3. at last

etc check docu

What is the difference between Table and Template?

Table is a dynamic and template is a static

When do we use End-of-selection?

End-of-selection event are mostly used A when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will beÂ done in End-ofselection event.

In events start-of-selection is default event. When we have to use this event explicitly? Why?

The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection. We have to call explicitely this event when you are writing other than the event A that is when you write ATÂ

SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc, you have to explicitly mention the

Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic.

Before these events called, all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event.

What is the differences between ABAP and OOABAP?

In which situation we use OOABAP? OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anything involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms.. Etc. whereas ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.

What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer?

Buffer is nothing but a memory area. Table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. When you call data from database table it will come from application server.

Transparent and pooled tables are buffered. Cluster tables cannot buffered.

What is the use of pretty printer?

Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding?

Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor, like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system settings.

We can call the function module in the ABAP Code .Press the Pattern button on Appl. tool bar then u will get box where u write the function module NAME which you want to call in the code by selecting the radio button CALL FUNCTION. In this way we link function module to ABAP Code.

What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP memory?

Answer1:

Data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory.

Data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is ABAP memory

Answer2:

Sap memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory.

For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some variables to a particular program in abap memory then those variables can't be used by any other program in abap memory i.e., the variables are only for that program and also local to that memory, whereas sap memory can access all the abap memory or else it can perform any kind of modifications.

Answer3:

SAP memory is available to the user during the entire terminal session.

ABAP memory is available to the user during life time of an external session.

What is the difference between Types and like?

Answer1:

TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring.

LIKE, you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly.

Answer2:

Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas like is a keyword used to copy the existing properties of already existing data object.

Answer3:

Type refers the existing data type

Like refers the existing data object

What is Tcode SE16? For what is it used? Explain briefly?

Answer1:

SE16 is a T-code for object browser.

Generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables. And respective data.

Answer2:

Se16 is a data browse and it is used to view the contents of the table and we cannot change or append new fields to the existing structure of the table as we cannot view the structure level display using the se16

What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?

The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the abap editor in place. In se38 you can go create programs and view online reports and basically do all the development of objects in this editor. In SE80 (object navigator) there are additional features such as creating packages, module pool, function group, classes, programs (where you can create your programs) and BSP applications .

What is difference between dialog program and a report?

Report is an executable program

Dialog is a module pool program. It has to be executed via a transaction only. Dialog programming is used for customization of screens

How do you connect to the remote server if you are working from the office for the client in remote place? WAS web application server or ITS are generally used for this purpose. If you are sitting at your office with a server which is in the system and the other server is at the clients place you can generate IDOC, intermediate documents which carry the data you want to transfer or the documents you want to transfer, these IDOC are interpreted by the system at the receiving end with the message class with which it is bound with. If you want to logon a system which is very distant..Then remote login can be used this depends on the internet speed.

Explain about roll area, Dispatcher, ABAP-Processor?

Answer1:

Roll area is nothing but memory allocated by work process. It holds the information needed by R/3 about programs execution such as value of the variables.

Dispatcher :All the requests that come from presentation server will be directed first to dispatcher. Further dispatcher sends this requests to work process on FIFO(First In and First Out) basis.

Answer2:

Dispatcher receives the request from client and assigns the request to one of the work process. Roll area: Each work process works in a particular memory that memory is known as Role Area, which consists of User context and session data.

ABAP- Processor: is an interpreter which can execute logic

Which one is not an exit command? (Exit, cancel, stop, back) STOP.

Effect: The statement STOP is only to be used in executable programs

EXIT.

Effect: If the EXIT statement is executed outside of a loop, it will immediately terminate the current processing block.

BACK.

Effect: This statement positions the list cursor on the first position of the first line in a logical unit.

So "Cancel" is not an exit command

What is Field symbol?

Answer1:

You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this example the name of a table control is substituted by a field symbol. Thus you call the form with any internal table, using the name of the table control as a parameter.

Example form insert_row using p_tc_name.

Field-symbols type cxtab_control. "Table control

Assign (p_tc_name) to .

* insert 100 lines in table control -lines = 100.

Answer2:

fieldsymbol has the same concept as pointer in c,

fieldsymbol don't point to a data type like char, num instead of that it points to the memory block. the syntax for fieldsymbol is

FIELD-SYMBOL .

EG. FOR FIELD SYMBOL.

DATA: DAT LIKE SY-DATUM,

TIM LIKE SY-UZEIT, CHAR(3) TYPE C VALUE 'ADF'.

FIELD-SYMBOL : .

MOVE DAT TO .

WRITE:/ .

MOVE TIM TO .

WRITE:/ .

MOVE CHAR TO . WRITE:/ .

The output will be Today's date

current time

What is lock object?

Lock Objects used to synchronize access of several users using same data.

Why BAPI need then BDC?

BAPI provide the standard interface to other applications apart from SAP and within different versions of SAP too. Also it is OOD bases so doesn‟t depends on screen flow. BDC gets failed if we make changes for screen changes through IMG customization

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using views in ABAP programming?

Advantages: view is used to retrieve the data very fastly from the database tables

*memory wastage is reduced

*faster than joins to retrieve the data from database tables

Disadvantages:

View is not a container, it will not hold the data

*view memory is not permanent memory

How data is stored in cluster table?

A cluster table contains data from multiple DDIC tables.

It stores data as a name value pair ( varkey, vardata)

Have you used performance tuning? What major steps will you use for these?

First of all tuning can be done

In three ways: disk i/o, sql tuning, memory tuning,

Before tuning you have to get the status of your database using

Oracle utility called statpack , tkprof, then you should go for tuning

How to create client independent tables?

Client independent tables: the table in which the first field is not mandt is the client independent tables

*mandt is the field with mandt as the data element

*automatically client which we login is populated to mandt

What type of user exits have you written?

There are four types

1. Function exit

2. Menu exit

3. Screen exit.

4. Field exit.

These are the user exits

How can you debug a script form?

SE71 -> give the form name -> utilities -> activate debugger

How do we debug sap script?

First we need to put Break point in Print program where ever you want to stop the execution.

After in SE71 give your form name and go to Utilities-->Active De-bugger.

Then go to your transaction like VF03 (for Invoice or Credit memo) etc to see the print preview or print the form, execute it.

When you execute it the form Debugging will get activated and you can see your Form execution step by step.

What are the different types of data dictionary objects?

Answer1

Data Dictionary Objects

Tables

Views

Domain

Data Element

Type Groups

Search Helps/Match code Objects

Lock objects

Structures

Table Types

Answer2

The dictionary objects are:

Domain data elements tables’ views structures type groups search helps

Lock objects etc which are data base related objects in sap

What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?

Answer1

Steps to create database tables

1. Go to se11

2. Give name the database table

3. Give short description for the table

4. Give delivery class name as A and data browser / table view maint as Display/maintenence allowed

5.select fields tab

6. Give field name data type(user defined element type/built-in-type),short text

7. Select technical settings tab ,give data class as appl0 and size category as 0 8.save it

9.go utilities menu click table contents select create and enter the field values then select display in table contents and u can view the table values with field labels

Answer2 bottom to top approach:

_________________________ step 1: creating a domain:

*se11, select the object type as domain, name it, create, description, enter the data type and length (size), save, activate step2: creating a data element; se11,select the object type as :date element, name it ,create, desc, assign it with a domain what we created now, save, activate it. step3:

creating a table;

se11,select the object type as table, name it, create, enter the field name and assign it with the data element instead of assigning a datatype to it, like this create req fields: on behalf of this: table maintenance:

assign the type of the table i.e. C G L S

Maintenance: allowed, not allowed ,allowed with restrictions

______________________________________________

fields of a table:(as described above)

___________________________________________ technical settings:

AND

BUFFERED OR NON-BUFFERED

Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically? Answer1

NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE

DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE, EXACTLY

WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.

No,

at the point you will activate your table a same transparent table is going to be create in database

Answer2

Yes, a transparent table (definition) can exist in the data dictionary and not in the database. In this case, it is not activated

What are the domains and data elements?

domains: ___________

domains are the dictionary objects that are assigned with constants and data types data elements: ______________ data elements are dictionary objects that are assigned with the domains.

uses:'

data elements are used to create relation between tables.

data elements are used to transfer the data from one R/3 to another R/3.

to create search helps.

What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?

APPEND:

IT IS USED TO GET THE RECORD FROM THE INTERNAL TABLE HEADER TO THE BODY

AREA

IT ALLOWS DUPLICATION

COLLECT:

IT IS USED TO A GET A RECORD FROM HEADER TO THE BODY AREA BUT IT WILL NOT ALLOW ANY DUPLICATION EXCEPT IF THERE IS

ANY NUMERIC FIELS IT ADDS THAT FIELDS DATA BUT NOT AS A NEW RECORD

On ABAP: Did you set up a workflow? Are you familiar with all steps for setting up a workflow?

Yes.

Execute the Tcode SWDD (Creating a new Workflow).

In the header of the Workflow, define the Business Object and Event you refer to for triggering the Wf.

Create the Steps required for your workflow (Activity).

Inside the Activity, Create the task and assign the Business Object and the related method for that business object. Activate the Workflow.

In the „select‟ statement what is “group by”?

Group by clause is used to fetch the data from the table by the specified field ex. select count (*) from emptable group by deptno where deptno = 1.

It is used to find the number of employees present in the specified department no.

How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table?

WE CAN CREATE A STRUCTURE LIKE THE SAME STRUCTURE AS DATABASE TABLE AND WE CAN USE

SELECT* FROM DATABASE TABLE INTO TABLE ITAB

INSERT INTO ITAB VALUES DATABASE TABLE

8) What Function does data dictionary perform?

Central information repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary contains data definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates redundancy.

9) Difference between domain and data element? What are aggregate object?

Domain - Specifies the technical attributes of a data element - its data type, length, possible values, and appearance on the screen. Each data element has an underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis for several data elements. Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary. Data Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its field labels and documentation. Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock objects are called aggregate objects because they are formed from several related table.

10) What is view? Different types of view. Explain?

View - A view is a virtual table containing fields from one or more tables. A virtual table that does not contain any data, but instead provides an application-oriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables. Different Types of View: 1) Maintenance 2) Database – It is on more than two tables. 3) Projection – It is only on one table. 4) Help

11) Can u print decimals in type N? What is difference between float and packed data type?

No, we cannot print decimals in type N because decimal places are not permitted with N data type. Float Data Type: It cannot be declared in Parameters. Packed Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For e.g. PARAMETERS: A (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2, B (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2. DATA: C (4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2. C = A + B. WRITE: / ‗THE SUM IS‘, C.

12) What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?

A step loop is a repeated series of field-blocks in a screen. Each block can contain one or more fields, and can extend over more than one line on the screen. Step loops as structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can contain more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP…ENDLOOPs in the flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP…ENDLOOPs must exactly parallel the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the system which loop processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are ordered primarily by screen row, and secondarily by screen column. Transaction TZ61 (development class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the table you saw in transaction TZ60. Static and Dynamic Step Loops Step loops fall into two classes: static and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size that cannot be changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user resizes the window, the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step loop blocks displayed. In any given screen, you can define any number of static step loops, but only a single dynamic one. You specify the class for a step loop in the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen has the attributes Looptype (fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loopcount. If a loop is fixed, the Loopcount tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for the loop. This number can never change.Programming with static and dynamic step loops is essentially the same. You can use both the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both types. Looping in a Step Loop When you use LOOP AT with a step loop, the system automatically displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll bars, and the updated (scrolled) table display, are managed by the system. Use the following additional parameters if desired: FROM and TO CURSOR

13) What is the initial value and maximum length of all data type?

Ans Data Type Initial field length Valid field length Initial value Meaning Numeric types I 4 4 0 Integer (whole number) F 8 8 0 Floating point number P 8 1 – 16 0 Packed number Character types C 1 1 – 65535 ‘ … ‘ Text field (alphanumeric characters) D 8 8 ‘00000000′ Date field (Format: YYYYMMDD) N 1 1 – 65535 ‘0 … 0′ Numeric text field (numeric characters) T 6 6 ‘000000′ Time field (format: HHMMSS) Hexadecimal type X 1 1 – 65535 X’0 … 0′ Hexadecimal field

14) What are the ways to find out the tables used in the program?

15) Can you have two detail lists from the basic list at the same time? If yes how and if no why?

19) What function module upload data from application server?

20) What are the various types of selection screen event?

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK ABC WITH FRAME TITLE T01. SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 500 AS WINDOW. CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 500 STARTING AT 10 10.

21) What do you know about a client?

22) What are the system fields? Explain?

The ABAP system fields are active in all ABAP programs. They are filled by the runtime environment, and you can query their values in a program to find out particular states of the system. Although they are variables, you should not assign your own values to them, since this may overwrite information that is important for the normal running of the program. However, there are some isolated cases in which you may need to overwrite a system variable. For example, by assigning a new value to the field SY-LSIND, you can control navigation within details lists.

23) What is SAP Script? What is the purpose of SAP Script? Difference between SAP Script and Report?

SAP Script – It is the integrated text management system of the SAP R/3 System. Two types – PC Editor & Line Editor. Reports - It is the way to display data fetched from database table onto screen or directly output it to a printer. Two types – Classical and Interactive.

24) What is the use of occurs in internal table? Can u change occurs value in program?

Use of Occurs - If you use the OCCURS parameter, the value of the INITIAL SIZE of the table is returned to the variable Data : Begin of ITAB occurs 0, End of ITAB. Occurs or Initial Size – to specify the initial amount of memory that should be assigned to the table.Yes, we can change the occurs value in program but output remains the same.

25) Difference between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX? Where it is used? Can u check SY-SUBRC after perform?

SY-TABIX - Current line of an internal table. SY-TABIX is set by the statements below, but only for index tables. The field is either not set or is set to 0 for hashed tables. * APPEND sets SY-TABIX to the index of the last line of the table, that is, it contains the overall number of entries in the table. * COLLECT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the existing or inserted line in the table. If the table has the type HASHED TABLE, SY-TABIX is set to 0. * LOOP AT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the current line at the beginning of each loop lass. At the end of the loop, SY-TABIX is reset to the value that it had before entering the loop. It is set to 0 if the table has the type HASHED TABLE. * READ TABLE sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line read. If you use a binary search, and the system does not find a line, SY-TABIX contains the total number of lines, or one more than the total number of lines. SY-INDEX is undefined if a linear search fails to return an entry. * SEARCH FOR sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line in which the search string is found. SY_INDEX - In a DO or WHILE loop, SY-INDEX contains the number of loop passes including the current pass.

16) What are the different functions used in sap script? What are the parameters used in each Function?

There are three different functions used in SAP Script: 1)OPEN_FORM 2)WRITE_FORM 3)CLOSE_FORM Parameters in Each Function: 1)OPEN_FORM– ExportingForm Language 2)WRITE_FORM– Exporting Element Window 3) CLOSE_FORM

17) What is sequence of event triggered in report?

There are 6 events in report: 1)Initialization 2)At Selection-Screen 3)Start-of-Selection 4)Get 5)Get Late 6)End-of-Selection 7)Top-of-Page End-of-Page 9)At Line Selection 10)At User Command 11)At PF (nn)

18) What are standard layouts sets in the SAP Script?

There are four standard layouts in the SAP Script: 1) Header2) Logo 3) Main Window 4) Footer

26) Difference between UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD?

UPLOAD - File transfer with dialog from presentation server file to internal table. Data which is available in a file on the presentation server is transferred in an internal table. ASCII & Binary files can be transferred. WS_UPLOAD - To read data from the presentation server into an internal table without a user dialog, use the function module WS_UPLOAD. The most important parameters are listed below. Parameters Function CODEPAGE Only for upload under DOS: Value IBM FILENAME Filename FILETYPE File type

27) Why did u switch to SAP?

28) What is a Logical Database?

Logical Databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to application programs. Use of LDB – is used to read data from database tables by linking them to executable ABAP programs.

29) What are the events used for Logical Database?

Two Events – 1) GET - This is the most important event for executable programs that use a logical database. It occurs when the logical database has read a line from the node and made it available to the program in the work area declared using the statement NODES . The depth to which the logical database is read is determined by the GET statements2) PUT - The PUT statement directs the program flow according to the structure of the logical database.

30) What is the difference between Get and Get Late?

GET - After the logical database has read an entry from the node .GET LATE - After all of the nodes of the logical database have been processed that are below in the database hierarchy.

31) What are the data types of Internal Tables?

There are three types: 1) Line 2) Key 3) Table

32) What are the events used in ABAP in the order of execution?

Ans Events are: 1. INITIALIZATION 2. AT SELECTION-SCREEN 3. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON 4. START-OF-SELECTION 5. TOP-OF-PAGE 6. TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE SELECTION 7. END-OF-PAGE 8. END-OF-SELECTION 9. AT USER-COMMAND 10. AT LINE-SELECTION 11. AT PF12. GET 13. GET LATE. 14. AT User Command

33) What are Interactive Reports?

An output list which displays just the basic details & allow user to intera ct, so that a new list is populated based on user-selection. With interactive list, the user can actively control data re trieval and display during the session.

34) What are the commands used for interactive reports?

Top-of-Page during line-selection

35) What are the system fields u have worked with? Explain?

I had worked with the following (30) system fields: 1) SY-DBSYS - Central Database 2) SY-HOST - Server 3) SY-OPSYS - Operating System 4) SY-SAPRL - SAP Release 5) SY-SYSID - System Name 6) SY-LANGU - User Logon Language 7) SY-MANDT - Client SY-UNAME - Logon User Name 9) SY-DATLO - Local Date 10) SY-DATUM - Server Date 11) SY-TIMLO - Local Time 12) SY-UZEIT - Server Time 13) SY-DYNNR - Screen Number14) SY-REPID - Current ABAP program 15) SY-TCODE - Transaction Code 16) SY-ULINE - Horizontal Line 17) SY-VLINE - Vertical Line 18) SY-INDEX - Number of current loop Pass 19) SY-TABIX - Current line of internal table 20) SY-DBCNT - Number of table entries processed 21) SY-SUBRC - Return Code 22) SY-UCOMM - Function Code 23) SY-LINCT - Page Length of list 24) SY-LINNO - Current Line 25) SY-PAGNO - Current Page Number 26) SY-LSIND - Index of List 27) SY-MSGID - Message Class 28) SY-MSGNO - Message Number 29) SY-MSGTY - Message Type 30) SY-SPONO - Spool number during printing

36) What is the difference between Primary key and Unique Key?

Primary Key – It can accepts 0 value and cannot be NULL. Unique Key – It can be NULL.

37) What is the transaction code for Table maintenance?

SM30

38) If u are using Logical Databases how will u modify the selection-screen elements?

Select-options : dname for deptt-dname.

39) What is an RFC?

Remote Function Call

40) If u are using RFC and passing values to a remote system how does it work?

41) What are the events in Screen Programming?

There are two events in Screen Programming: 1. PBO (Process Before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed. 2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is processed. 3. POH (Process On Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen. 4. POV (Process On Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.

42) What is the significance of HIDE?

Its stores the click value and display the related record in the secondary list.

43) Where do u code the HIDE statement?

In a LOOP statement

44) Types of BDC‘s?

There are two types of BDC‘s: 1) Transaction Method 2) Session Method .

45) Advantages & Disadvantages of different types of BDC‘s?

Transaction Method: 1) It is faster than session method.2) While executing, it starts from starting. Session Method: 1) It is slower than transaction method. 2) While executing, it does not start from starting.

46) What are the events used in Interactive Reports.

There are three events of Interactive Reports: I. At PF(nn) II. At line-selection III. At user-command

47) What is an RDBMS?

RDBMS – Relational Database Management System. It helps to create relationship between two or more table.

48) What standards u use to follow while coding ABAP programs?

49) What will you code in START-OF-SELECTION & END-OF-SELECTON & why?

START-OF-SELECTION SELECT * FROM DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB WHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO. APPEND ITAB. ENDSELECT. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE : / 10 ITAB-DEPTNO. HIDE : ITAB-DEPTNO. ENDLOOP.END-OF-SELECTION

50) What are joins and different types joins?

There are four types of Joins: 1) Self Join 2) Inner Join 3) Outer Join 4) Equi Join

51) Which is the default join?

52) How do u display a data in a Detail List?

By using two statements: 1) Top-of-page during line-selection 2) At line-selection

53) What are the types of windows in SAP Script?

There are five Standard Layouts in SAP Script: 1) Page 2) Window 3) Page Window 4) Paragraph Format 5) Character Format

54) What are the function modules used in a SAP Script driver program?

There are three functions used in SAP Script: 1) OPEN_FORM2) WRITE_FORM 3) CLOSE_FORM

55) What are Extracts?

Extracts are dynamic sequential datasets in which different lines can have different structures. We can access the individual records in an extract dataset using a LOOP.

56) How would u go about improving the performance of a Program, which selects data from MSEG & MKPF?

57) How does System work in case of an Interactive Report?

58) What is LUW?

Logical Unit of Work

59) Different types of LUWs. What r they?

Two types of LUW are: 1) DB LUW - A database LUW is the mechanism used by the database to ensure that its data is always consistent. A database LUW is an inseparable sequence of database operations that ends with a database commit. The database LUW is either fully executed by the database system or not at all. Once a database LUW has been successfully executed, the database will be in a consistent state. If an error occurs within a database LUW, all of the database changes since the beginning of the database LUW are reversed. This leaves the database in the state it had before the transaction started. 2) SAP LUW - A logical unit consisting of dialog steps, whose changes are written to the database in a single database LUW is called an SAP LUW. Unlike a database LUW, an SAP LUW can span several dialog steps, and be executed using a series of different work processes.

60) What is First event triggered in program?

61) What are various Joins? What is right outer join?

62) How do u find out whether a file exits on the presentation server?

eps_get_directory_listing for directory

63) Systems fields used for Interactive Lists AND Lists?

Interactive System Fields: SY-LSIND, SY-CPAGE, SY-LILLI, SY-LISEL, SY-LISTI, SY-LSTAT, SY-STACO, SY-STARO Lists: SY-COLNO, SY-LINCT, SY-LINNO, SY-LINSZ, SY-PAGNO, SY-TVAR0…..SY-TVAR9, SY-WTITL

64) Logo in SAP Script?

RSTXLDMC OR Steps for making and inserting Logo in SAP Script: First Procedure: 1) Draw the picture 2) Save it 3) /nSE78 4) Write name & Choose Color 5) Click on Import 6) Browse picture 7) Enter Second Procedure 1) /nSE71 2) Insert 3) Graphics 4) Click on stored on document server5) Execute 6) Choose name of BMAP

65) What are the difference between call screen and leave screen?

Call Screen: Calling a single screen is a special case of embedding a screen sequence. If you want to prevent the called screen from covering the current screen completely, you can use the CALL SCREEN statement with the STARTING AT and ENDING AT CALL SCREEN 1000. CALL SCREEN 1000 STARTING AT 10 10 ENDING AT 20 20. LEAVE SCREEN statement ends the current screen and calls the subsequent screen. LEAVE SCREEN. LEAVE TO SCREEN 2000.

66) If internal table used in for all entries in empty then what happens?

No, records will be displayed.

67) If I forgot some command in SAP Script e.g.: suppress zero display - How to do find it?

Ans Suppressing of entire screens is possible with this command. This command allows us to perform screen processing ―in the background‖. Suppressing screens is useful when we are branching to list-mode from a transaction dialog step.

68) How to write a BDC - how do u go about it?

Ans Steps for writing BDC 1) /nSE38 2) Declare Tables, Data (for ITAB) and Data (for BDCITAB) 3) Call function ‗Upload‘. 4) Write code for the First Screen, Radio Button, Filename, Change Button, Second Screen, Utilities (Create Entries), Third Screen and Save. 5) Call transaction ‗SE11‘ using BDCITAB mode ‗A‘. 6) Save, Check Errors, Activate and Execute.

69) What is Performance tuning?

70) Define Documentation.

71) Brief about Testing of programs.

72) How do u move on to the next screen in interactive reporting?

Write code of the following: 1) Top-of-Page during line-selection 2) At line-selection

73) Create any functions? How to go about it?

Steps for creating the Functions: First Procedure: 1) /nSE37 2) Goto 3) Function Group (FG) 4) Create Group 5) Name of FG (ZREKHA_FG) 6) Short Text 7) Save Local Object Second Procedure 1) Environment2) Inactive Object 3) Function Group (ZREKHA_FG) 4) Activate 5) Back Third Procedure 1) Name of Function Module (ZREKHA_FM) 2) Create 3) Write FG Name (ZREKHA_FG) 4) Short Text 5) Save Fourth Step: Call function ‗ZREKHA_FM‘.

74) Advanced topics?

75) Function modules used in F4 help?

There are two types of function modules used in F4 help: 1) F4IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST 2) F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST

76) Work most on which module: Name a few tables.?

Sales & Distribution Module 1) Sales Document: Item Data – VBAP 2) Sales Document: Partner – VBPA 3) Sales Document: Header Data – VBAK4) Sales Document Flow – VBFA 5) Sales Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS 6) Customer Master – KNA1 7) Material Data – MARA Conditions (Transaction Data) - KONV

77) System Table used?

1) Sales Document: Item Data – VBAP 2) Sales Document: Partner – VBPA 3) Sales Document: Header Data – VBAK 4) Sales Document Flow – VBFA 5) Sales Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS 6) Customer Master – KNA1 7) Material Data – MARA Conditions (Transaction Data) - KONV

78) From a table how do u find whether a material is used in another material BOM?

79) What is read line?

READ LINE and READ CURRENT LINE – These statements are used to read data from the lines of existing list levels. These statements are closely connected to the HIDE technique.

80) How u used logical database? How is data transferred to program?

Corresponding statement in LDB.

81) How do u suppress fields on selection screen generated by LDB?

82) Can there be more than 1 main window in SAP Script?

No, there cannot be more than 1 main window in SAP Script because in WRITE_FORM, it asks for the parameter Window that will create the problem. WRITE_FORM– Exporting Element Window

83) Global and local data in function modules.

84) What are the differences between SAP memory and ABAP memory?

ABAP Memory is a memory area in the internal session (roll area) of an ABAP program. Data within this area is retained within a sequence of program calls, allowing you to pass data between programs that call one another. It is also possible to pass data between sessions using SAP Memory. SAP Memory is a memory area to which all sessions within a SAPgui have access. You can use SAP memory either to pass data from one program to another within a session (as with ABAP memory) or to pass data from one session to another.

85) What are differences between At selection-screen and At selection-screen output?

AT SELECTION-SCREEN event is triggered in the PAI of the selection screen once the ABAP runtime environment has passed all of the input data from the selection screen to the ABAP program. AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT - This event block allows you to modify the selection screen directly before it is displayed.

86) What are the events?

87) What is get cursor field?

GET CURSOR statement transfers the name of the screen element on which the cursor is positioned during a user action into the variable . GET CURSOR FIELD [OFFSET ] [LINE ] [VALUE ] LENGTH ].

88) What is the inside concept in select-options?

Select-options specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values. Different Properties of Select-options: 1) Visible Length 2) Matchcode Object 3) Memory ID 4) Lowercase 5) Obligatory 6) No Display 7) Modify ID

89) What is the difference between occurs 1 and occurs 2?

90) What is the difference between Free and Refresh?

Free - You can use FREE to initialize an internal table and release its memory space without first using the REFRESH or CLEAR statement. Like REFRESH, FREE works on the table body, not on the table work area. After a FREE statement, you can address the internal table again. It still occupies the amount of memory required for its header (currently 256 bytes). When you refill the table, the system has to allocate new memory space to the lines. Refresh - This always applies to the body of the table. As with the CLEAR statement, the memory used by the table before you initialized it remains allocated. To release the memory space, use the statement

91) What are elements?

92) Can we have more than one selection-screen and how?

Yes, we can have more than one selection screen. Selection-screen begin of block honey with frame title text-101. Select-options : deptno for zrekha_deptt-deptno. Selection-screen end of block honey. Selection-screen begin of block honey1 with frame title text-102. Select-options : dname for zrekha_deptt-dname. Selection-screen end of block honey1.

93) How to declare select-option as a parameter?

SELECT-OPTIONS: specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values. Parameters: dname like dept-dname. Select-options: dname for dept-dname.

94) How can u write programmatically value help to a field without using search help and match codes?

By using two types of function modules to be called in SAP Script: 1) HELP_OBJECT_SHOW_FOR_FIELD 2) HELP_OBJECT_SHOW

95) What are the differences between SE01, SE09 and SE10?

SE01 - Correction & Transport Organizer SE09 - Workbench Organizer SE10 - Customizing Organizer

96) How to set destination?

97) What are the function module types?

98) What are tables?

Tables : ZREKHA_EMP. It creates a structure – the table work area in a program for the database tables, views or structure ZREKHA_EMP. The table work area has the same name as the object for which we created it. ZREKHA_EMP must be declared in the ABAP dictionary. The name and sequence of fields in the table work area ZREKHA_EMP corresponds exactly to the sequence of fields in the database table, view definition in the ABAP dictionary.

99) What are client-dependant tables and independent tables?

100) How to distinguish client-dependant tables from independent tables?

101) What is the use of Table maintenance allowed?

102) How to define Selection Screen?

Parameters, Select-options & Selection-Screen

103) What are the check tables and value tables?

Check Table: The ABAP Dictionary allows you to define relationships between tables using foreign keys . A dependent table is called a foreign key table, and the referenced table is called the check table. Each key field of the check table corresponds to a field in the foreign key table. These fields are called foreign key fields. One of the foreign key fields is designated as the check field for checking the validity of values. The key fields of the check table can serve as input help for the check field. Value Table: Prior to Release 4.0, it was possible to use the value table of a domain to provide input help. This is no longer possible, primarily because unexpected results could occur if the value table had more than one key field. It was not possible to restrict the other key fields, which meant that the environment of the field was not considered, as is normal with check tables.In cases where this kind of value help was appropriate, you can reconstruct it by creating a search help for the data elements that use the domain in question, and using the value table as the selection method. Check table will be at field level checking. Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid.

104) What is the difference between tables and structures?

Tables: 1) Data is permanently stored in tables in the database. 2) Database tables are generated from them. Structure: 1) It contains data temporarily during program run-time. 2) No Database tables are generated from it.

105) How to declare one internal table without header line without using structures?

No, we cannot declare internal table without header line and without structure because it gives error ―ITAB cannot be a table, a reference, a string or contain any of these object‖. Code with Header without Structure TABLES : ZREKHA_EMP. DATA : ITAB LIKE ZREKHA_EMP OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE. SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB. APPEND ITAB. ENDSELECT. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO. ENDLOOP. Code without Header with StructureTABLES : ZREKHA_EMP. DATA : BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0, EMPNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNO, EMPNAME LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNAME, DEPTNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-DEPTNO, END OF ITAB. SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB. APPEND ITAB. ENDSELECT. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO. ENDLOOP.

106) what are lock objects?

Reason for Setting Lock: Suppose a travel agent want to book a flight. The customer wants to fly to a particular city with a certain airline on a certain day. The booking must only be possible if there are still free places on the flight. To avoid the possibility of overbooking, the database entry corresponding to the flight must be locked against access from other transactions. This ensures that one user can find out the number of free places, make the booking, and change the number of free places without the data being changed in the meantime by another transaction. The R/3 System synchronizes simultaneous access of several users to the same data records with a lock mechanism. When interactive transactions are programmed, locks are set and released by calling function modules (see Function Modules for Lock Requests). These function modules are automatically generated from the definition of lock objects in the ABAP Dictionary. Two types of Lock: Shared and Exclusive

107) What are datasets? What are the different syntaxes?

The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP. OPEN DATASET [DATASET NAME] FOR [OUTPUT / INPUT / APPENDING]IN [BINARY / TEXT] MODE AT POSITION [POSITION] MESSAGE [FIELD] READ DATASET [DATASET NAME] INTO [FIELD] DELETE DATASET [DATASET NAME] CLOSE DATASET [DATASET NAME] TRANSFER [FIELD] TO [DATASET NAME]

108) What are the events we use in dialog programming and explain them?

There are two events in Dialog Programming i.e. screen: 1. PBO (Process Before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed. 2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is processed. 3. POH (Process On Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen. 4. POV (Process On Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.

109) What is the difference between OPEN_FORM and CLOSE_FORM?

OPEN_FORM – This module opens layout set printing. This function must be called up before we can work with other layout set function like WRITE_FORM. WRITE_FORM – Output text element in form window. The specified element of the layout set window entered is output. The element must be defined in the layout set. CLOSE_FORM – End layout set printing. Form printing started with OPEN_FORM is completed. Possible closing operations on the form last opened are carried out. Form printing must be completed by this function module. If this is not carried out, nothing is printed or displayed on the screen.

110) What are the page windows? How many main windows will be there in a page window?

Page Window: In this window, we define the margins for left, width, upper and height for the layout of Header, Logo, Main, & Footer.

111) What are control events in a loop?

Control level processing is allowed within a LOOP over an internal table. This means that we can divide sequences of entries into groups based on the contents of certain fields. AT . ENDAT. You can react to the following control level changes: Meaning FIRST First line of the internal table LAST Last line of the internal table NEW Beginning of a group of lines with the same contents in the field and in the fields left of END Of End of a group of lines with the same contents in the field and in the fields left of

112) How to debugg a script?

Go to SE71, give layout set name, and go to utilities select debugger mode on.

113) How many maximum sessions can be open in SAPgui?

There are maximum 6 sessions open in SAPgui.

114) SAP Scripts and ABAP programs are client dependent or not? Why?

115) what are System Variable?

System variables have been predefined by SAP. We can use these variables in formulas or, for example, to pass on certain pieces of information to a function module. How the function called by the function module behaves depends on the type of information passed on. At present, we can use the following system variables: System Variable Use Meaning SY_MODE In function modules Current mode of the PI sheetSY_TEST In function modules Status of the PI sheet (test or active) SY_ROW In function modules Current table line SY_VALUE or X Generally Refers to the immediately preceding input value

116) is it compulsory to use all the events in Reports?

117) what is the difference between sum and collect?

118) what are session method and call transaction method and explain about them?

Session method – Use the BDC_OPEN_GROUP to create a session. Once we have created a session, then we can insert the batch input data into it with BDC_INSERT. Use the BDC_INSERT to add a transaction to a batch input session. We specify the transaction that is to be started in the call to BDC_INSERT. We must provide a BDCDATA structure that contains all the data required to process the transaction completely. Use the BDC_CLOSE_GROUP to close a session after we have inserted all of our batch input data into it. Once a session is closed, it can be processed. Call Transaction - In this method, we use CALL TRANSACTION USING to run an SAP transaction. External data does not have to be deposited in a session for later processing. Instead, the entire batch input process takes place inline in our program.

119) If you have 10000 records in your file, which method you use in BDC?

Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method in real time…because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a session, then process will not complete until session get correct.

120) What are different modes of Call Transaction method and explain them?

There are three modes of Call Transaction method: 1) A – Display All Screens 2) E – Display Errors 3) N – Background Processing.

121) What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?

HEADER, BODY, FOOTER.

122) What are field symbols and field groups? Have you used ―component idx of structure‖ clause with field groups?

Field Symbols – They are placeholder or symbolic names for the other fields. They do not physically reserve space for a field, but point to its contents. It can point to any data objects. Field-symbols Field Groups – Field groups does not reserve storage space but contains pointers to existing fields. An extract dataset consists of a sequence of records. These records may have different structures. All records with the same structure form a record type. You must define each record type of an extract dataset as a field group, using the FIELD-GROUPS statement. Field-groups

123) What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?

STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED ―CONVERSION‖. STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED ―SAP DATA TRANSFER‖.STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE i) Call transaction (Write the program explicitly) ii) Create sessions (sessions are created and processed. If success, data will transfer).

124) What is a batch input session?

125) What is the alternative to batch input session?

Call Transaction Method & Call Dialog

126) A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in background. How to do it?

Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING)

127) What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level?

Pool Table - 1) Many to One Relationship. 2) Table in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the fields have the different name as in the R3 Table definition. 3) It can hold only pooled tables. Transparent Table – 1) One to One relationship.2) Table in the Dictionary has the same name, same number of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3 Table definition. 3) It can hold Application data.

128) What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process different from processing on line?

Two Problems: - 1) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue (log remains). However, if session is processed we may delete it manually. 2) If session processing fails, data will not be transferred to SAP database table.

129) Is Session Method, Asynchronous or Synchronous?

Synchronous

130) What are the different types of data dictionary objects?

Different types of data dictionary objects: 1) Tables 2) Views 3) Data elements 4) Structure 5) Domains 6) Search Helps 7) Local Objects Matchcode

131) How many types of tables exist and what are they in data dictionary?

4 Types of Tables: 1. Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Open SQL and Native SQL can be used.2. Pool tables 3. Cluster tables - These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables. One cannot use Native SQL on these tables (only Open SQL). They are not manageable directly using database system tools. 4. Internal tables

132) What is the step-by-step process to create a table in data dictionary?

Steps to create a table: Step 1: creating domains (data type, field length, Range). Step 2: creating data elements (properties and type for a table field). Step 3: creating tables (SE11).

133) Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the database physically?

No, Transparent table do exist with the same structure both in the dictionary as well as in the database, exactly with the same data and fields.

134) In SAP Scripts, how will u link FORM with the Event Driven?

In PAI, define function code and write code for the same.

135) Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?

YES. e.g.:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI. Here we are refering to a data object (SPFLI) not data element.

136) What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?

GLOBAL EXISTANCE (these could be used by any other program without creating it again).

137) What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?

Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT . When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the datasetEXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.

138) What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?

Collect : If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry. Append – Duplicate entries occurs.

139) What is OPEN SQL vs NATIVE SQL?

Open SQL – These statements are a subset of standard SQL. It consists of DML command (Select, Insert, Update, Delete). It can simplify and speed up database access. Buffering is partly stored in the working memory and shared memory. Data in buffer is not always up-to-date. Native SQL – They are loosely integrated into ABAP. It allows access to all functions containing programming interface. They are not checked and converted. They are sent directly to the database system. Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which they were written. For e.g. to create or change table definition in the ABAP.

140) What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?

To use a Native SQL statement, you must precede it with the EXEC SQL statement, and follow it with the ENDEXEC statement as follows: EXEC SQL [PERFORMING ]. ENDEXEC. There is no period after Native SQL statements. Furthermore, using inverted commas (‖) or an asterisk (*) at the beginning of a line in a native SQL statement does not introduce a comment as it would in normal ABAP syntax. You need to know whether table and field names are casesensitive in your chosen database.

141) What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary?

142) What are the events in ABAP language?

The events are as follows: 1. Initialization 2. At selection-screen 3. Start-of-selection 4. End-of-selection 5. Top-of-page 6. End-of-page 7. At line-selection 8. At user-command 9. At PF 10. Get 11. At New 12. At LAST 13. AT END 14. AT FIRST

143) What is an interactive report? What is the obvious difference of such report compared with classical type reports?

An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice.Difference: - a) The list produced by classical report doesn‘t allow user to interact with the system where as the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system. B) Once a classical report, executed user looses control where as Interactive, user has control. C) In classical report, drilling is not possible where as in interactive, drilling is possible.

144) What is a drill down report?

Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more relevant data by selecting explicitly.

145) How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.

1. Called program - SE37 - Creating function group, function module by assigning attributes, importing, exporting, tables, and exceptions. 2. Calling program - SE38 - In program, click pattern and write function name- provide export, import, tables, exception values.

146) What are the exceptions in function module?

Exceptions: Our function module needs an exception that it can trigger if there are no entries in table SPFLI that meet the selection criterion. The exception NOT_FOUND serves this function. COMMUNICATION_FAILURE & SYSTEM_FAILURE

147)

148) How are the date and time field values stored in SAP?

DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS

149) What are the fields in a BDC_Tab and BDCDATA Table?

Fields of BDC_Tab & BDCDATA Table: Sr.No Fields - Description 1) Program - BDC Module pool2) Dynpro - BDC Screen Number 3) Dynbegin - BDC Screen Start 4) Fname - Field Name 5) Fval - BDC field value

150) Name a few data dictionary objects?

Different types of data dictionary objects: 1) Tables 2) Views 3) Data elements 4) Structure 5) Matchcode 6) Domains 7) Search Helps Local Objects

151) What happens when a table is activated in DD?

152) Ans 153) What are matchcodes? Describe?

It is similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or nonprimary keys.

154) What transactions do you use for data analysis?

155) What are the elements of selection screen?

There are 5 elements of selection screen: Selection-screen include blocks Selection-screen include parameters Selection-screen include select-options Selection-screen include comment Selection-screen include push-button

156) What are ranges? What are number ranges?

Main function of ranges to pass data to the actual selection tables without displaying the selection screen. Min, Max values provided in selection screens. It is often necessary to directly access individual records in a data structure. This is done using unique keys. Number ranges are used to assign numbers to individual database records for a commercial object, to complete the key. Such numbers are e.g. order numbers or material master numbers.

157) What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?

Parameters : We can enter a single value. PARAMETERS: PARAM(10). Select-options: We can enter low and high value i.e. range has to be specify. By using NOINTERVAL user can process only single fields. SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO. SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO NO-INTERVAL. SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table, which is automatically filled with values or ranges of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS, the system creates a selection table. SELECT-OPTIONS FOR .A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH. The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of . The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply) The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT Greater than NE Not equal BT Between LE Less than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern. DifferencesPARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report. SELECT-OPTIONS allows users to fill an internal table with a range of values. Select-options provide ranges where as parameters do not. For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by choosing Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change. Eg:- Parameters name(30). When the user executes the ABAP/4 program, an input field for ‗name‘ will appear on the selection screen. You can change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text elements as described in Selection Texts.

158) How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial values in a selection screen?

The selection criteria is validated in the processing block of the AT SELECTION SCREEN event for the input values on the screen and respective messages can be sent. To display initial values in the selection screen: 1) Use INITIALIZATION EVENT 2) Use DEFAULT VALUE option of PARAMETERS Statement 3) Use SPA/GPA Parameters (PIDs). Validate: - by using match code objects.Display :- Parameters default ‗xxx‘. Select-options for spfli-carrid. Initial values in a selection screen: INITIALIZATION. DNO-LOW = 10. DNO-HIGH = 30 SIGN I. OPTION NB. APPEND DNO.

159) What are selection texts?

160) What is CTS and what do you know about it?

CTS stands for Correction and Transport System. The CTS provides a range of functions that help you to choose a transport strategy optimally suited to your requirements. We recommend that you follow the transport strategy while you plan and set up your system landscape. Correction and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project. For practical information on working with the Correction and Transport System, see Correction and Transport Organizer and Transport Management System.

161) When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go with it? If not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?

162) What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?

163) Are programs client dependent?

Yes, group of users can access these programs with a client number.

164) Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs?

SY-SUBRC, SY-DBCNT, SY-LILLI, SY-DATUM, SY-UZEIT, SY-UCOMM, SY-TABIX….. SY-LILLI is absolute number of lines from which the event was triggered.

165) What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement?

1) It is a standard data type object, which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need. 2) Using SY-DBCNT. 3) The number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record population.

166) How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?

Performance of ABAP programs can be improved by minimizing the amount of data to be transferred. The data set must be transferred through the network to the applications, so reducing the amount of time and also reduces the network traffic. Some measures that can be taken are: - Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of better reusability). - Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *. - Range tables should be avoided (IN operator) - Avoid nested SELECTS.

167) What are datasets?

The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.

168) How to find the return code of an stmt in ABAP programs?

Open SQL has 2 system fields with return codes: 1) SY-SUBRC 2) SY-DBCNT Using function modules

169) What are Conversion & Interface programs in SAP?

CONVERSION: Legacy system to flat file. INTERFACE: Flat file to SAP system.

170) Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?

SAP supplied BDC programs RM06BBI0 (Purchase Requisitions) RMDATIND (Material Master) RFBIKR00 (Vendor Masters) RFBIDE00 (Customer Master) RVINVB00 (Sales Order)

171) What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why?

Þ Identify relevant fields Þ Maintain transfer structure ( Predefined – first one is always session record) Þ Session record structure, Header Data, Item ( STYPE – record type )Þ Fields in session structure – STYPE, GROUP , MANDT, USERNAME , NO DATA Þ Fields in header structure – consists of transaction code also – STYPE, BMM00, TCODE, MATNR and Fields in Item - ITEMS … Þ Maintain transfer file – sample data set creation

172) What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?

To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: - The programmer need not worry about the primary key for each table. Because Logical database knows how the different tables relate to each other, and can issue the SELECT command with proper where clause to retrieve the data. 1) An easy-to-use standard user interface. 2) Check functions, which check that user input is complete, correct, and plausible. 3) Meaningful data selection. 4) Central authorization checks for database accesses. 5) Good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. 6) No need of programming for retrieval, meaning for data selection Disadvantages: - 1) If you do not specify a logical database in the program attributes, the GET events never occur. 2) There is no ENDGET command, so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION). 3) Fast in case of lesser no. of tables But if the table is in the lowest level of hierarchy, all upper level tables should be read so performance is slower.

173) What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report?

AT LINE-SELECTION AT USER-COMMANDAT PF.

174) What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used?

175) What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query tool?

Advantages: No programming knowledge is required. Disadvantages: Depending on the complexity of the database tables, it may not be easy for the user to select the necessary data correctly.

176) What are the functional areas? User groups? How does ABAP query work in relation to these?

Functional Areas - By creating functional areas, we can initially select this data. This ensures that the data is presented to the ABAP Query user in a meaningful way to accomplish the task, and that only the data that the user may use is presented. User Groups – A user group is a collection of users that work with about the same data and carry out similar tasks. The members of a user group can use all programs (queries) created by any user of the group. Changes to such a program are at once visible to all users. This ensures that all members of a user group use the same evaluation programs. ABAP Query: It consists of three components – queries, functional areas and user groups. The functional areas provide the user with an initial set of data in accordance with the task to be accomplished. All users must be members of at least one user group. All members of one user group can access the same data as well as the same program (queries) to create lists.

177) Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP query?

No, it is not must to use LDB. Apart from it, we have other options: 1) Table join by Basis Table 2) Direct Read of table 3) Data Retrieval by Program

178) What is the structure of a BDC sessions.

BDCDATA

179) What are Change header and detail tables? Have you used them?

180) What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session?

We will look into the error log file (SM35). Check number of records already updated and delete them from input file and run BDC again.

181) What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?

182) How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the events driven batch jobs?

Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING)

183) Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run?

184) What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant table for that?

185) Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?

Yes.

186) What is a currency factoring technique?

187) How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program documentation menu option?

188) What is SAP Script and layout set?

The tool, which is used to create layout set is called SAP Script. Layout set is a design, appearance and structure of document.

189) What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set?

Control Commands, System Commands

190) What is output determination?

191) What is the field length of Packed Number? What is the default decimal of packed number?

192) What are the different types of data types?

There are three types of data types: Data Types Elementary Complex References Fixed Variable Structure Table Data Object Variable

193) What is the syntax of Packed Number?

Data : NUM type P decimals 2.

194) What are different types of attributes of Function Module?

There are 6 attributes of FM: 1. Import 2. Export 3. Table 4. Changing 5. Source6. Exception.

195) List of Screen elements.

There are 13 screen elements: i. Input / output fields ii. Text fields iii. Checkbox iv. Radio button v. Push Button vi. Drop down list vii. Subscreen viii. Table control ix. Tabstrip control x. Custom control xi. Box xii. Status icons xiii. OK_CODE fields

196) How many default Tab Strips are there? How to insert more Tabs in it?

There 2 default Tab strips. Screen painter attributes contain Tab Title, which is used to insert more tabs in tab strip.

197) How to define Selection Screen?

There are 3 ways of defining selection screen: 1. Parameters 2. Select-options 3. Selection-Screen

198) What are the properties of Selection Screen?

There are 11 properties of selection screen: 1) Default 2) Memory ID 3) Lowercase 4) Visible length 5) Obligatory 6) Matchcode 7) Check Checkbox 9) Radiobutton Group 10) No-display 11) Modif ID

199) What are the components of Selection Table?

There are four components of selection table: Low, High, Sign, Options

200) How to display or know if the value entered contains records or not?

SY-SUBRC

201) What are the sequences of event block?

i. Reports ii. Nodes iii. Dataiv. Initialization v. At selection-screen vi. Start-of-selection vii. Get deptt viii. Get emp ix. Get deptt late x. End-of-selection xi. Form xii. Endform

202) What are types of Select statements?

SELECT SINGLE … WHERE … SELECT [DISTINCT] … WHERE … SELECT * …

203) What are DML commands?

Select, Insert, Delete, Modify, Update. 204) What is Asynchronous and Synchronous Update?

Asynchronous Update – The program does not wait for the work process to finish the update. Commit Work. Synchronous Update – The program wait for the work process to finish the update. Commit Work and Wait.

205) Write syntax for Message Error (Report)?

AT SELECTION-SCREEN. SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITABWHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO. ENDSELECT. If SY-DBCNT = 0. MESSAGE E000 WITH ‗NO RECORDS FOUND‘. ENDIF.

206) How to see the list of all created session?

There are two method to see all sessions: 1) SHDB (Recording) 2) Write code in SE38 then save, check errors activate and execute it. System Service Batch input Session

207) What are the function module in BDC?

There are three function module in BDC: 1) BDC_OPEN_GROUP 2) BDC_INSERT 3) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP

208) Write the steps to execute session method.

Steps for execution Session Method: 1) System 2) Service 3) Batch Input4) Session 5) Choose Session Name 6) Process 7) Asks for Mode (Display All Screen, Display Errors & Background) Process

209) What are the different types of mode (run code) in Call Transaction method?

There are three modes in Call Transaction: A – Displays All Screen E – Display Errors N – Background Processing

210) Write the transaction code of Customer Master Data, Pricing, Inquiry, Quotation and Sales Order.

Customer Master Data - XD01 Pricing - Inquiry - VA11 Quotation - VA21 Sales Order - VA01 - MM01

211) What are the fields of Sales Order?

Transaction Code of Sales Order: VA01 Table of Sales Order: VBAK Order Type - AUART Sales Org – VKORG Dist Channel – VTWEGDivision – SPART Sales Office - VKBUR Sales Group – VKGRP.

212) What are different types of screen keywords?

There are four types of screen keywords: Module, Loop, Chain and Field.

213) Write special commands of List.

There are four specials commands of lists: Write, Uline, Skip and New-Page

214) Write the following in different manner. IF ( A GE B ) AND ( A LE C)

IF A BETWEEN B AND C 215)

215. What are the different types of ABAP statements?

There are six types of ABAP statements: 1) Declarative - Types, Data, Tables 2) Modularization - Event Keywords and Defining Keywords 3) Control - If…Else, While, Case 4) Call - Perform, Call, Set User Command, Submit, Leave to 5) Operational - Write, Add, Move 6) Database - Open SQL & Native SQL

216) How data is stored in cluster table?

Each field of cluster table behaves as tables, which contains the number of entries.

217) What are client dependant objects in ABAP / SAP?

SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects.

218) On which event we can validate the input fields in module programs?

In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of fields put in chain and End chain statement.)

219) In selection screen, I have three fields, plant material number and material group. If I input plant how do I get the material number and material group based on plant dynamically?

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL. CALL FUNCTION ‗F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST‘ to get material and material group for the plant.

220) How do you get output from IDOC?

Data in IDOC is stored in segments; the output from IDOC is obtained by reading the data stored in its respective segments.

221) When top of the page event is triggered?

After executing first write statement in start-of-selection event.

222) Can we create field without data element and how?

In SE11, one option is available above the fields strip i.e. Data element / direct type.

223) Fields of VBAK Table.

VBAK – Sales Document : Header Data Details about Sales Organization, Distribution Channel, Division, Sales Group, Sales Office, Business Area, Outline Agreements, etc

224) Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program.

Transaction Code AL21.

225) How can I copy a standard table to make my own Z_TABLE?

Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button. Enter the name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z_table name and press enter.

226) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this?

227) What is meant by performance analysis?

228) How to transfer the objects? Have you transferred any objects?

229) How did you test the developed objects?

There are two types of testing - Negative testing - Positive testing In negative testing, we will give negative data in input and we check any errors occurs. In positive testing, we will give positive data in input for checking errors.

230) How did you handle errors in Call Transaction?

We can create an internal table like ‗bsgmcgcoll‘. All the messages will go to internal table. We can get errors in this internal table. Below messages are go to internal table. When you run the call transaction. 1) TCODE 2) Message Type 3) Message Id 4) Message Number 5) MSGV1 6) MSGV2 7) MSGV3 MSGV4 CALL TRANSACTION TCODE USING BDCDATA MODE A/N/E. UPDATE MODE A/S MESSAGE INTO BDCDATA.THEN PUT LOOP…ENDLOOP OF BDCMSGCOLL CALL FUNCTION ‗FORMAT_WRITE‘ EXPORT = SYSTEM FIELD IMPORT = MSG TEXT ERROR

231) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster?

232) What are the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports?

233) How to pass the variables to forms?

234) What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms?

Table contains vertical and horizontal lines. We can store the data in table as blocks. We can scroll depends upon your wish. And these all are stored in database (data dictionary).

235) What are Standard Texts?

236) What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables?

A pooled table is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary. Pooled tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Cluster table are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they are defined. Cluster table can be used to store control data. They can also used to store temporary data or text such as documentation.

237) What is PF-STATUS?

238) Among ―Move‖ and ―Move Corresponding‖, which is efficient one?

I guess, ‗move corresponding‘ is very efficient then ‗move‘ statement. Because usually we use this statement for internal table fields only…so if we give move corresponding. Those fields only moving to other place (what ever you want).

239) What are the Output Type, Transaction codes, Page Format?

240) Where we use Chain and End chain?

In Screen Programming

241) Do you use select statement in loop…end loop, how will be the performance? To improve the performance?

242) In select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and last date by default? Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004 ?

243) What are IDOCs?

IDOCs are intermediate documents to hold the messages as a container.

244) What are screen painter? Menu painter? Gui status? ..etc.

dynpro - flow logic + screens. menu painter - GUI Status - It is subset of the interface elements (title bar, menu bar, standard tool bar, push buttons) used for a certain screen. The status comprises those elements that are currently needed by the transaction.

245) What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO.

The control statements that control the screen flow.PBO - This event is triggered before the screen is displayed. PAI - This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data and clicks the pushbutton.

246) Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP?

Create program-SE93-create transaction code -Run it from command field. Create the transaction using object browser (SE80) Define the objects e.g. screen, Transactions. – Modules – PBO, PAI.

247) Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of screen painter called?

Yes. Operating System – Windows based Screen Painter – Alpha numeric Screen Painter

248) What are step loops? How do you program page down page up in step loops?

Step loops are repeated blocks of field in a screen. Step loops: Method of displaying a set of records. Page down & Page up: decrement / increment base counter Index = base + sy-step1 – 1

249) Is ABAP a GUI language?

Yes, ABAP IS AN EVENT DRIVEN LANGUAGE.

250) Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written? What is the XXXXXTOP program?

Main program with A Includes 1. TOP INCLUDE – GLOBAL DATA 2. Include for PBO 3. Include for PAI 4. Include for Forms

251) What are the include programs?

When the same sequence of statements in several programs is to be written repeatedly. They are coded in include programs (External programs) and are included in ABAP/4 programs.

252) Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program?

Yes, only external subroutines Using ‗SUBMIT‘ statement.

253) What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precautions are needed?

User defined functionality included to predefined SAP standards. Point in an SAP program where a customer‘s own program can be called. In contrast to customer exits, user exits allow developers to access and modify program components and data objects in the standard system. On upgrade, each user exit must be checked to ensure that it conforms to the standard system. There are two types of user exit: 1. User exits that use INCLUDEs - These are customer enhancements that are called directly in the program. 2. User exits that use TABLEs - These are used and managed using Customizing. Should find the customer enhancements belonging to particular development class.

254) What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side?

255) What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs?

Should start with Y or Z.

256) How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requirements?

SLDB-F4.

257) How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tell you the transaction he uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures?

Transaction code is entered in command field to open the table – Utilities – Table contents display.

258) How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP?

259) What are the different modules of SAP?

FI, CO, SD, MM, PP, HR.

260) How do you get help in ABAP?

HELP-SAP LIBRARY, by pressing F1 on a keyword.

261) What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?

262) What are the different elements in layout sets?

PAGES, Page windows, Header, Paragraph, Character String, Windows.

263) Can you use if then else, perform..etc statements in sap script?

Yes.

264) What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data?

265) How do you number pages in SAP Script layout outputs?

& page & &next Page &

266) What takes most time in SAP script programming?

LAYOUT DESIGN AND LOGO INSERTION.

267) How do you use tab sets in layout sets?

Define paragraph with defined tabs.

268) How do you backup SAP Script layout sets? Can you download and upload? How?

SAP script backup :- In transaction SE71 goto Utilities -> Copy from client -> Give source form name, source client (000 default), Target form name. Download :- SE71, type form name -> Display -> Utilities -> form info -> List -> Save to PC file. Upload :- Create form with page, window, page window with the help of downloaded PC file. Text elements for Page windows to be copied from PC file.

269) What are presentation and application servers in SAP?

270) In an ABAP/4 program, how do you access data that exists on Presentation Server vs on an Application Server?

Using loop statements and Flat

271) What are different data types in ABAP/4?

Elementary - Predefined: C, D, F, I, N, P, T, X. User defined: TYPES. Structured - Predefined: TABLES. User defined: Field Strings and internal tables.

272) What is difference between session method and Call Transaction?

Call Transaction – 1. Single transaction 2. Synchronous processing 3. Asynchronous and Synchronous update 4. No session log is created 5. Faster Session – 1. Multiple Transaction 2. Asynchronous processing3. Synchronous update 4. Session log is created 5. Slower

273) Setting up a BDC program where you find information from?

274) What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session.

Fields converted into character type.

275) What is the structure of a BDC sessions.

BDCDATA (standard structure).

276) What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table.

PROGRAM, DYNPRO, DYNBEGIN, FNAM, FVAL.

277) What do you define in the domain and data element.

Domain - Technical details are defined in Domain like data type, number of decimal places and length. Data Element – Functionality details are defined in Data elements – Field Text, Column Captions, Parameters ID, and Online Field Documentation.

278) What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level.

Pool tables are a logical representation of transparent tables. Hence no existence at database level. Where as transparent tables are physical tables and exist at database level. Pool Table - 4) Many to One Relationship. 5) Table in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the fields have the different name as in the R3 Table definition. 6) It can hold only pooled tables. Transparent Table –4) One to One relationship. 5) Table in the Dictionary has the same name, same number of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3 Table definition. 6) It can hold Application data.

279) What is cardinality?

280) For Sales Document: Item Data, which table is used?

VBAP – Sales Document, Sales Document Item, Material Number, Material Entered, Batch Number, Material Group, Target Quantity in Sales Document.

281) What are the types of tables?

1) Transparent table 5) Pool table 2) Cluster table are data dictionary table objects 6) Sorted table 3) Indexed table 7) Hash table 4) Internal tables.

282) What are pooled table?

Table pools (pools) and table clusters (clusters) are special table types in the ABAP Dictionary. The data from several different tables can be stored together in a table pool or table cluster. Tables assigned to a table pool or table cluster are referred to as pooled tables or cluster tables. A table in the database in which all records from the pooled tables assigned to the table pool are stored corresponds to a table pool. The definition of a pool consists essentially of two key fields (Tabname and Varkey) and a long argument field (Vardata). Table Clusters Several logical data records from different cluster tables can be stored together in one physical record in a table cluster. A cluster key consists of a series of freely definable key fields and a field (Pageno) for distinguishing continuation records. A cluster also contains a long field (Vardata) that contains the contents of the data fields of the cluster tables for this key. If the data does not fit into the long field, continuation records are created. Control information on the structure of the data string is still written at the beginning of the Vardata field.

283) What are Hashed Tables?

284) How did you test the form u developed? How did you take the print of it?

285) How many maximum number of fields can be there in a table?

286) How many primary keys can be there in a table?

287) What are the steps to perform Performance Tuning? What will you do increase the performance of your system?

288) What is mandatory in Screen Painter?

289) If u are entering large amount of data, and system fails, then how many records will be entered or no records or half records will be entered?

290) In Screen Painter, if two fields are mandatory and user do not want to enter anything but he wants to come out of the screen, then what will he do?

291) What is At-Exit and User-Exit?

292) How will you find the standard tables, you only know there names like Customer Master Table?

293) How will change Development Class?

294) How will you call both Function Module and Function Group?

295) What is ALV? Ans 296) What is Chain-Field & Chain-Loop?

297) What is Value-Ranges?

298) How will you provide help for value request particular fields?

299) How will you find relationship between two or more tables?

300) In BDC‘s, if you forget to write one field, then how will you modify that field in your BDC program?

301) Detail concept of Transport Organizer.

302) Which is slower ―Select *‖ and ―Select field1,field2‖?

303) What are the errors in ―Call Transaction‖?

304) What is QA and production?

305) How will you display only 10 lines in Report?

306) In BDC, if out of 10 records, 7 are successful and there are 3 records with some missing fields, how will you modify those fields?

307) How will you set breakpoint to 100 messages?

308) How will you set Reports to Background job?

309) Name the tables, which is used to see all the transaction available.

See tables, TSTC and TSTCT for all the transaction available .

310) List of SAP supplied Programs.

Details (5) Program Purchase Requisitions RM06BB10 Material Master

RMDATIND Vendor Master

RFBIKR00Customer Master

RFBIDE00 Sales Order

RVINVB00 SAP SCRIPT PROGRAMS (Logo RSTXLDMC Debug RSTXDBUG Upload / Download (Import / Export) RSTXSCRP Convert Page Format RSTXFCON Text File Inconsistent RSTXCHK0 Copy Table Across Client RSCLTCOP Transfer Scripts Files Across System (Not Clients)

RSTXSCRP Comparing The Contents Of A Table RSTBSERV Change The Development Class RSWBO052 Submit A BDC Job With An Internal Batch Number RSBDCBTC Release Batch Input Sessions RSBDCSUB STANDARD PROGRAM (7)

Table Adjustment Across Clients RSAVGL00 Extended Program List RSINCL00 Get The Oracle Release RSORAREL Display All Instance Parameters RSPARAM Substitution / Validation Utility RSUGBR00 Check Passwords Of Users SAP And DDIC In All Clients RSUSR003 Last Users Last Login RSUSR006.

311) How to schedule a Report in background? what is the use of background job please explain about it?

There are 3 ways to schedule in background: SM36 SE38 SA38 The easiest of the three is SA38.Why background? In foreground jobs are only allowed a certain amount of runtime. Long running jobs usually times out in foreground, and have to be run background. Some customers has day-end jobs to fill custom tables, and these only run late at night, so they are scheduled as background jobs as well. There may be any of a hundred reasons why you want a job to run in background instead of foreground, and these are only 2 of them.

1. What is an ABAP data dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.

2. What are domains and data element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.

3. What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.

4. Describe data classes.- Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.

5. What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.

6. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.- Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.

7. What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.

8. What is BDC programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.

9. What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.

10. What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need.

11. What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.

12. What is DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.

13. What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.

14. What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.

15. What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?- ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.

16. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.

17. What is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.

18. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?- To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).

19. What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.

20. How to upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.

21. What is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.

22. How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?- Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.

23. What is the difference between macro and subroutine?- Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.

What is the differences between structure and table in data dictionary in ABAP?
Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure.

1. Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store.
2. Table can have primary key but a structure dose not have.
3. Table can have the technical attribute but a structure dose not have.

structure doesn’t contain technical attributes.
structure doesn’t contain primary key.
structure doesn’t stores underline database level.

What is the difference between collect and sum?
SUM.
When processing an internal table in a block starting with LOOP and concluded by ENDLOOP , SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P (see also ABAP/4 number types ) and places them in the LOOP output area (header line of the internal table or an explicitly specified work area).

When you use SUM in a LOOP with an explicitly specified output area, this output area must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.When using LOOP to process a sorted extract (see SORT ), the control total of f at the end of the group appears in the field SUM(f) – – if f is type I , F or P .

COLLECT.
COLLECT is used to create unique or compressed datsets. The key fields are the default key fields of the internal table itab .

If you use only COLLECT to fill an internal table, COLLECT makes sure that the internal table does not contain two entries with the same default key fields.

If, besides its default key fields, the internal table contains number fields,the contents of these number fields are added together if the internal table already contains an entry with the same key fields.

If the default key of an internal table processed with COLLECT is blank, all the values are added up in the first table line.

If you specify wa INTO, the entry to be processed is taken from the explicitly specified work area wa . If not, it comes from the header line of the internal table itab .

After COLLECT, the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the – existing or new – table entry with default key fields which match those of the entry to be processed.

If you use COLLECT with an explicitly specified work area, it must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.

How we format the data before before write statement in report?
We can format the reports output by using the loop events like:

1.at first
2.at new
3.at last
etc check docu

What is the difference between Table and Template?
table is a dynamic and template is a static

When do we use End-of-selection?
End-of-selection event are mostly usedÂ when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will beÂ done in End-of-selection event.

In events start-of-selection is default event. When we have to use this event explicitly? Why?
The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitely this event when you are writing other than ths eventÂ , that is when you write ATÂ SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitely mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic.

Before these events called ,all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event.

What is the differences between ABAP and OOABAP. In which situation we use OOABAP?
OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms..etc.where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.

What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer?
buffer is nothing but a memory area. table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. when you call data from database table it will come from application server.

transperent and pooled tables are buffered. cluster tables can not buffered.

What is the use of pretty printer ?
Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding.

Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor ,like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system settings.

We can call the function module in the ABAP Code .Press the Pattern button on Appl. tool bar then u will get box where u write the function module NAME which u want to call in the code by selecting the radio button CALL FUNCTION. In this way we link function module to ABAP Code.

What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP memory?
Answer1:
data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory
data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory

Answer2:
sap memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory.

For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some varibles to a particular program in abap memory then those varibles can’t be used by anyother program in abap memory i.e., the variables are only for that program and also local to that memory,whereas sap memory can access all the abap memory or else it can perform any kind of modifications.

Answer3:
SAP memory is available to the user during the entire terminal session.
ABAP memory is available to the user duringÂ life timeÂ ofÂ external session.

What is the difference between Type and Like?
Answer1:
TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring.
LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly.

Answer2:
Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas Like is a keyword used to copy the existing properties of already existing data object.

Answer3:
type refers the existing data type
like refers the existing data object

What is Tcode SE16. For what is it used. Explain briefly?
Answer1:
SE16 is a T-code for object browser.
Generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables . and respective data.

Answer2:
se16 is a data browse and it is used to view the contents of the table and we cannot change or append new fields to the existing structure of the table as we cannot view the structure level display using the se16

What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?
The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the abap editor in place. In se38 you can go create programs and view online reports and basically do all thedevelopmet of objects in this editor. In se80 ( object navigator) there are additional features such as creating packages,module pool , function group ,classes, programs ( where you can create ur programs) and BSP applications .

What is difference between dialog program and a report?
Report is a excecutable program
Dialog is a module pool program.It has to be executed via a transaction only.
Dialog programming is used for customization ofscreens

How do you connect to the remote server if you are working from the office for the client in remote place.
WAS web application server or ITS are generally used for this purpose. If you are sitting at your office with a server which is in the system and the other server is at the clients place you can generate IDOC, intermidiate documents which carry the data you want to transfer or the documents you want to transfer, these IDOC are interpretted by the system at the recieving end with the message class with which it is bound with. If you want to logon a system which is very distant..then remote login can be used this depends on the internet speed.

Explain about roll area , Dispatcher, ABAP-Processor.
Answer1:
Roll area is nothing but memory allocated by work process. It holds the information needed by R/3 about programs execution such as value of the variables.
Dispatcher :All the requests that come from presentation server will be directed first to dispatcher. Further dispatcher sends this requests to work process on FIFO(First In and First Out) basis.

Answer2:
Dispatcher recieves the request from client and assigns the request to one of the work process.
Roll area: Each workprocess works in a particular memory that memory is known as Role Area, which consists of User context and session data.
ABAP- Processor :is an interpretor which can execute logic

Which one is not an exit comand ? (Exit, cencle, stop, back)
STOP.
Effect :The statement STOP is only to be used in executable programs

EXIT.
Effect :If the EXIT statement is executed outside of a loop, it will immediately terminate the current processing block.

BACK.
Effect : This statement positions the list cursor on the first position of the first line in a logical unit.

So “Cancle” is not an exit command

What is Field symbol?
Answer1:
You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this example the name of a table control is substituted by a field symbol. Thus you cal call the form with any internal table, using the name of the table control as a parameter.

Example
form insert_row
using p_tc_name.

field-symbols type cxtab_control. “Table control

assign (p_tc_name) to .

* insert 100 lines in table control
-lines = 100.

Answer2:
fieldsymbol has the same concept as pointer in c,
fieldsymbol don’t point to a data type like char, num instead of that it points to the memory block. the syntax for fieldsymbol is
FIELD-SYMBOL .
EG. FOR FIELD SYMBOL.
DATA: DAT LIKE SY-DATUM,
TIM LIKE SY-UZEIT,
CHAR(3) TYPE C VALUE ‘ADF’.
FIELD-SYMBOL : .
MOVE DAT TO .
WRITE:/ .
MOVE TIM TO .
WRITE:/ .
MOVE CHAR TO .
WRITE:/ .
The output will be
Today’s date
current time

What is lock object?
LockObjects used to synchornize access of several users using same data.

Why BAPI need then BDC?
BAPI”S provide the standard interface to other applications apart from SAP and within differnt vesions of SAP too. Also it is OOD bases so dosen”t depends on screen flow. BDC gets failed if we make changes for screen changes through IMG customization

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using views in ABAP programming?
Advantages: view is used to retrieve the data very fastly from the database tables
*memory wastage is reduced
*faster than joins to retrieve the data from database tables
disadvantages:
view is not a container,it will not hold the data
*view memory is not permanent memory

How data is stored in cluster table?
A cluster table conatins data from mulitple DDIC tables.
It stores data as a name value pair ( varkey, vardata)

Have you used performance tuning? What major steps will you use for these?
First of all tunning can be done
In three ways: disk i/o ,sql tunning , memory tunning,
Before tunning u have to get the status of your database using
Oracle utility called statpack , tkprof, then you should go for tunning

How to create client independent tables?
client independent tables:
the table in which the first field is not mandt is the client independent tables
*mandt is the field with mandt as the data element
*automatically client which we login is populated to mandt

What type of user exits have you written?
there are four types
1.function exit
2.menu ixit
3.screen exit.
4.field exit.
these are the user exits

How can you debug a script form?
SE71 -> give the form name -> utilities -> activate debugger

How do we debug sapscript?
First we need to put Break point in Print program where ever you want to stop the execution.
After in SE71 give your form name and go to Utilities–>Active De-bugger.
Then go to your transcation like VF03(for Invoice or Credit memo) etc to see the print preview or print the form execute it.
When you execute it the the form Debugging will get activated and you can see your Form execution step by step.

What are the different types of data dictionary objects?
Answer1
Data Dictionary Objects

* Tables
* Views
* Domain
* Data Element
* Type Groups
* Search Helps/Matchcode Objects
* Lock objects
* Structures
* Table Types

Answer2
the dictionary objects are:
domain
dataelements
tables
views
structures
typegroups
search helps
lock objects etc which are data base related objects in sap

What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?
Answer1
steps to create database tables
1.go to se11
2.give name the database table
3.give short description for the table
4.Give delivery class name as A and data browser / table view maint as Display/maintenence allowed
5.select fields tab
6.give field name data type(user defined element type/built-in-type),short text
7.select technical settings tab ,give data class as appl0 and size category as 0
8.save it
9.go utillities menu click table contents select create and enter the field values then select display in table contents and u can view the table values with field lables

Answer2
bottom to top approach:

step 1:
creating a domain:
*se11,select the object type as domain ,name it ,create,description,enter the datatype and length(size),save ,activate
step2:
creating a dataelement;
se11,select the object type as :date element,name it ,create,desc,assign it with a domain what we created now,save,activate it.
step3:
creating a table;
se11,select the object type as table,name it, create,
enter the field name and assign it with the data element instead of assigning a datatype to it,
like this create req fields:
on behalf of this:
table maintainence:
assign the type of the table ie.,A C G L S
NEXT
maintaince:
allowed,not allowed ,allowed with restricions
fields of a table:(as descripted above)
techical settings:
A0
OR
A1
AND
BUFFERED OR NON-BUFFERED

Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?
Answer1
NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.
No,
at the point you will activate your table a same transparent table is going to be create in database

Answer2
Yes, a transparent table(definition) can exist in the data dictionary and not in the database. In this case, it is not activated

What are the domains and data elements?

domains:

domains are the dictionary objects that are assigned with constants and data types
data elements:
data elements are dictionary objects that are assigned with the domains.
uses:’
* data elements are used to create relation between tables.
* data elements are used to transfer the data from one R/3 to another R/3.
* to create search helps.

What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?
APPEND :
IT IS USED TO GET THE RECORD FROM THE INTERNAL TABLE HEADER TO THE BODY AREA
IT ALLOWS DUPLICATION

COLLECT:
IT IS USED TO A GET A RECORD FROM HEADER TO THE BODY AREA BUT IT WILL NOT ALLOW ANY DUPLICATION EXCEPT IF THERE IS ANY NUMERIC FIELS IT ADDS THAT FIELDS DATA BUT NOT AS A NEW RECORD

On ABAP: Did you set up a workflow? Are you familiar with all steps for setting up a workflow?
Yes.
Execute the Txn SWDD(Creating a new Workflow).
In the header of the Workflow, define the Business Object and Event you refer to for triggering the Wf.
Create the Steps required for your workflow(Activity).
Inside the Activity, Create the task and assign the Business Object and the related method for that business object.
Activate the Workflow.

In the ‘select’ statement what is “group by”?
Group by clause is used to fetch the data from the table by the specified field
ex.select count (*) from emptable group by deptno where deptno = 1.
It is used to find the number of employees present in the specified department no.

How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table?
WE CAN CREATE A STRUCTURE LIKE THE SAME STRUCTURE AS DATABASE TABLE AND WE CAN USE
SELECT* FROM DATABASE TABLE INTO TABLE ITAB
OR
INSERT INTO ITAB VALUES DATABASE TABLE

From Excel to ABAP – Is batch mode possible?
DATA w_file TYPE string.
* Convert the file path into string
w_file = p_input.

* Internal Table should have same field sequence as EXL File.

CLEAR t_upload.
REFRESH t_upload.

* Call function to upload the data into internal table
CALL FUNCTION ‘GUI_UPLOAD’
EXPORTING
filename = w_file
filetype = ‘ASC’
has_field_separator = ‘X’
TABLES
data_tab = t_upload
EXCEPTIONS
file_open_error = 1
file_read_error = 2
no_batch = 3
gui_refuse_filetransfer = 4
invalid_type = 5
no_authority = 6
unknown_error = 7
bad_data_format = 8
header_not_allowed = 9
separator_not_allowed = 10
header_too_long = 11
unknown_dp_error = 12
access_denied = 13
dp_out_of_memory = 14
disk_full = 15
dp_timeout = 16
OTHERS = 17.
IF sy-subrc NE 0.
* MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
* WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. ELSE.
* Delete the first row of heading from the uploaded table
DELETE t_upload INDEX 1.
ENDIF. ” IF sy-subrc EQ 0.

What is a report?

Report is a program used to fetch data from the database tables and display it on the screen. It has 2 screens selection screen(optional) and list or output screen.

When the TOP-OF-PAGE event does get triggered?

TOP-OF-PAGE event will be triggered when the first ULINE, WRITE or SKIP statement occurs in a program.

What is the difference between SKIP and RESERVE?

SKIP provides empty space between lines, while RESERVE executes a page break on the current page if the number of lines between current line and the page footer is less than the number specified in RESERVE statement.

What is the difference between SKIP and NEW-LINE?

SKIP generates a blank line, while the NEW-LINE causes the control to move to next line.

What is hotspot?

Hotspot is an area on the list where the mouse pointer turns into an upright hand symbol. A single click on the hotspot does the same thing as a double-click.

What does HIDE statement do?

The HIDE statement hides the contents of the line along with the line numbers in a system defined HIDE area. This is used in interactive reporting.

What are the events in classical reports?

· INITIALIZATION

· AT SELECTION-SCREEN

· START-OF-SELECTION

· END-OF-SELECTION

· TOP-OF-PAGE

· END-OF-PAGE

How many detail lists can be created in interactive reporting?

What is the name of the system variable that holds the contents of the selected line in interactive reporting?

SY-LISEL

Can we set page headers to details lists?

Yes. Use TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION event.

What is the abbreviation of ecc and ides?

ECC : ERP Central Component

IDES stands for International Demonstration Evalution System

What is table maintenance generator?

Table maintenance generator is a standard SAP Code generated to insert data into tables in database.

In first step create maintenance view using se11.
Second step maintain data using sm30.

What is the difference between sy-tabix and sy-index

SY-TABIX : Stores current line of an internal table
SY-INDEX : loop iteration counter in do and while loops

SY-TABIX USED WHEN USING INTERNAL TABLE WITH IN THE LOOP. SYINDEX USED DO..ENDDO WITH IN LOOP.

What is rfc..?

A Remote Function Call (RFC)is the call or remote execution of a Remote Function Module in an external system. In the SAP system, these functions are provided by the RFC interface system. The RFC inte...

Remote Function Call....

What is the transaction code to check how many times the program executed

The T-code is to check how many times reports or other transaction has been exevuted isÂ Â Â Â ' STAT ' .check.. but only BASIS ppl will have the authorization for that .

Have you worked with field groups? Have you used import/export statements?

Field symbols can be created either with or without type specifications. If the type is not assigned to a field symbol, it inherits all the technical attributes of the field assigned to it. If the typ...

Internal tables are used to hold the records which have the fixed line structures.Where as Extract Datasets are used to hold the records which have different line structures. These records are de...

What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?

Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: extract . When the first extract statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it....

Extracts are dynamic sequential datasets in which different lines can have different structures. We can access the individual records in an extract dataset using a LOOP.

Extract statement is a shortform for EXTRACT HEADER. It is used to extract dataset.
When Extract statement is encountered then the System creates the extract dataset and adds the first extracted record.

What is an ABAP?

1. What is an ABAP data dictionary?

ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.

2. What are domains and data element?

Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.

3. What is foreign key relationship?

4. Describe data classes.

Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.

5. What are indexes?

Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.

6. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.

Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.

7. What is an ABAP/4 Query?

8. What is BDC programming?

Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.

9. What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?

10. What are internal tables?

Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need.

11. What is ITS?

12. What is DynPro?

DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.

13. What are screen painter and menu painter?

14. What are the components of SAP scripts?

SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.

15. What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?

16. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?

Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.

17. What is CTS and what do you know about it?

18. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?

To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).

19. What is a batch input session?

BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.

20. How to upload data using CATT ?

These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.

21. What is Smart Forms?

22. How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?

Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.

23. What is the difference between macro and subroutine?

Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.

24. What is the differrences between structure and table in data dictionary in ABAP?

Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure.

structure does't contain technical attributes.
structure does't contain primary key.
structure does't stores underline database level.

25. What is the difference between collect and sum?

SUM.
When processing an internal table in a block starting with LOOP and concluded by ENDLOOP , SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P (see also ABAP/4 number types ) and places them in the LOOP output area (header line of the internal table or an explicitly specified work area).

When you use SUM in a LOOP with an explicitly specified output area, this output area must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.When using LOOP to process a sorted extract (see SORT ), the control total of f at the end of the group appears in the field SUM(f) - - if f is type I , F or P .

COLLECT.
COLLECT is used to create unique or compressed datsets. The key fields are the default key fields of the internal table itab .

If you use only COLLECT to fill an internal table, COLLECT makes sure that the internal table does not contain two entries with the same default key fields.

If, besides its default key fields, the internal table contains number fields,the contents of these number fields are added together if the internal table already contains an entry with the same key fields.

If the default key of an internal table processed with COLLECT is blank, all the values are added up in the first table line.

If you specify wa INTO , the entry to be processed is taken from the explicitly specified work area wa . If not, it comes from the header line of the internal table itab .

After COLLECT , the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the - existing or new - table entry with default key fields which match those of the entry to be processed.

If you process a table with COLLECT , you should also use COLLECT to fill it. Only by doing this can you guarantee that the internal table will actually be unique or compressed, as described above and COLLECT will run very efficiently.

If you use COLLECT with an explicitly specified work area, it must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.

How we format the data beofore before write statment in report ?

We can format the reports output by using the loop events like:

1.at first
2.at new
3.at last
etc check docu

What is the difference between Table and Template?

table is a dynamic and template is a static

When do we use End-of-selection?

End-of-selection event are mostly usedÂ when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will beÂ done in End-of-selection event.

In evevts start-of-selection is default event. When we have to use this event explicitly? Why?

The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitely this event when you are writing other than ths eventÂ , that is when you write ATÂ SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitely mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic.

Before these events called ,all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event.

What is the differences between ABAP and OOABAP. In which situation we use OOABAP?

OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms..etc.where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.

What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer?

buffer is nothing but a memory area. table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. when you call data from database table it will come from application server.

transperent and pooled tables are buffered. cluster tables can not buffered.

What is the use of pretty printer ?

Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding.

Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor ,like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system settings.

What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP memory?

Answer1:
data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory
data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory

Answer2:
sap memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory.

For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some varibles to a particular program in abap memory then those varibles can't be used by anyother program in abap memory i.e., the variables are only for that program and also local to that memory,whereas sap memory can access all the abap memory or else it can perform any kind of modifications.

Answer3:
SAP memory is available to the user during the entire terminal session.
ABAP memory is available to the user duringÂ life timeÂ ofÂ external session.

What is the difference between Type and Like?

Answer1:
TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring.
LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly.

Answer2:
Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas Like is a keyword used to copy the existing properties of already existing data object.

Answer3:
type refers the existing data type
like refers the existing data object

What is Tcode SE16. For what is it used. Explain briefly?

Answer1:
SE16 is a T-code for object browser.
Generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables . and respective data.

What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?

The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the abap editor in place. In se38 you can go create programs and view online reports and basically do all thedevelopmet of objects in this editor. In se80 ( object navigator) there are additional features such as creating packages,module pool , function group ,classes, programs ( where you can create ur programs) and BSP applications .

What is difference between dialog program and a report?

Report is a excecutable program
Dialog is a module pool program.It has to be executed via a transaction only.
Dialog programming is used for customization ofscreens

How do you connect to the remote server if you are working from the office for the client in remote place.

WAS web application server or ITS are generally used for this purpose. If you are sitting at your office with a server which is in the system and the other server is at the clients place you can generate IDOC, intermidiate documents which carry the data you want to transfer or the documents you want to transfer, these IDOC are interpretted by the system at the recieving end with the message class with which it is bound with. If you want to logon a system which is very distant..then remote login can be used this depends on the internet speed.

Explain about roll area , Dispatcher, ABAP-Processor.

Answer1:
Roll area is nothing but memory allocated by work process. It holds the information needed by R/3 about programs execution such as value of the variables.
Dispatcher :All the requests that come from presentation server will be directed first to dispatcher. Further dispatcher sends this requests to work process on FIFO(First In and First Out) basis.

Which one is not an exit comand ? (Exit, cancle, stop, back)

STOP.
Effect :The statement STOP is only to be used in executable programs

EXIT.
Effect :If the EXIT statement is executed outside of a loop, it will immediately terminate the current processing block.

BACK.
Effect : This statement positions the list cursor on the first position of the first line in a logical unit.

So "Cancle" is not an exit command

What is Field sysmbol ?

Answer1:
You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this exanmple the name of a table control is substituted by a field symbol. Thus you cal call the form with any internal table, using the name of the tablæe control as a parameter.

Example
form insert_row
using p_tc_name.

field-symbols type cxtab_control. "Table control

assign (p_tc_name) to .

* insert 100 lines in table control
-lines = 100.

Answer2:
fieldsymbol has the same concept as pointer in c,
fieldsymbol don't point to a data type like char, num instead of that it points to the memory block. the syntax for fieldsymbol is
FIELD-SYMBOL .
EG. FOR FIELD SYMBOL.
DATA: DAT LIKE SY-DATUM,
TIM LIKE SY-UZEIT,
CHAR(3) TYPE C VALUE 'ADF'.
FIELD-SYMBOL : .
MOVE DAT TO .
WRITE:/ .
MOVE TIM TO .
WRITE:/ .
MOVE CHAR TO .
WRITE:/ .
The output will be
Today's date
current time

What is lock object ?

LockObjects used to synchornize access of several users using same data.

Why BAPI need then BDC ?

BAPI"S provide the standard interface to other applications apart from SAP and within differnt vesions of SAP too. Also it is OOD bases so dosen"t depends on screen flow. BDC gets failed if we make changes for screen changes through IMG customization

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using views in ABAP porgramming ?

dvantages: view is used to retrieve the data very fastly from the database tables
*memory wastage is reduced
*faster than joins to retrieve the data from database tables
disadvantages:
view is not a container,it will not hold the data
*view memory is not permanent memory

How data is stored in cluster table?

A cluster table conatins data from mulitple DDIC tables.
It stores data as a name value pair ( varkey, vardata)

Have you used performance tuning? What major steps will you use for these?

First of all tunning can be done
In three ways: disk i/o ,sql tunning , memory tunning,
Before tunning u have to get the status of your database using
Oracle utility called statpack , tkprof, then you should go for tunning

How to create client independent tables?

client independent tables:
the table in which the first field is not mandt is the client independent tables
*mandt is the field with mandt as the data element
*automatically client which we login is populated to mandt

What type of user exits have you written?

there are four types
1.function exit
2.menu ixit
3.screen exit.
4.field exit.
these are the user exits

How can you debugg a script form?

SE71 -> give the form name -> utilities -> activate debugger

How do we debug sapscript?

First we need to put Break point in Print program where ever you want to stop the execution.
After in SE71 give your form name and go to Utilities-->Active De-bugger.
Then go to your transcation like VF03(for Invoice or Credit memo) etc to see the print preview or print the form execute it.
When you execute it the the form Debugging will get activated and you can see your Form execution step by step.

What are the different types of data dictionary objects?

Answer1
Data Dictionary Objects

* Tables
* Views
* Domain
* Data Element
* Type Groups
* Search Helps/Matchcode Objects
* Lock objects
* Structures
* Table Types

Answer2
the dictionary objects are:
domain
dataelements
tables
views
structures
typegroups
search helps
lock objects etc which are data base related objects in sap

What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?

Answer1
steps to create database tables
1.go to se11
2.give name the database table
3.give short description for the table
4.Give delivery class name as A and data browser / table view maint as Display/maintenence allowed
5.select fields tab
6.give field name data type(user defined element type/built-in-type),short text
7.select technical settings tab ,give data class as appl0 and size category as 0
8.save it
9.go utillities menu click table contents select create and enter the field values then select display in table contents and u can view the table values with field lables

Answer2
bottom to top approach:
step 1:
creating a domain:
*se11,select the object type as domain ,name it ,create,description,enter the datatype and length(size),save ,activate
step2:
creating a dataelement;
se11,select the object type as :date element,name it ,create,desc,assign it with a domain what we created now,save,activate it.
step3:
creating a table;
se11,select the object type as table,name it, create,
enter the field name and assign it with the data element instead of assigning a datatype to it,
like this create req fields:
on behalf of this:
table maintainence:
assign the type of the table ie.,A C G L S
NEXT
maintaince:
allowed,not allowed ,allowed with restricions
fields of a table:(as descripted above)
techical settings:
A0
OR
A1
AND
BUFFERED OR NON-BUFFERED

Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?

Answer1
NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.
No,
at the point you will activate your table a same transparent table is going to be create in database

Answer2
Yes, a transparent table(definition) can exist in the data dictionary and not in the database. In this case, it is not activated

What are the domains and data elements?

domains:

domains are the dictionary objects that are assigned with constants and data types
data elements:
data elements are dictionary objects that are assigned with the domains.
uses:'
* data elements are used to create relation between tables.
* data elements are used to transfer the data from one R/3 to another R/3.
* to create search helps.

What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?

APPEND :
IT IS USED TO GET THE RECORD FROM THE INTERNAL TABLE HEADER TO THE BODY AREA
IT ALLOWS DUPLICATION

COLLECT:
IT IS USED TO A GET A RECORD FROM HEADER TO THE BODY AREA BUT IT WILL NOT ALLOW ANY DUPLICATION EXCEPT IF THERE IS ANY NUMERIC FIELS IT ADDS THAT FIELDS DATA BUT NOT AS A NEW RECORD

On ABAP: Did you set up a workflow? Are you familiar with all steps for setting up a workflow?

Yes.
Execute the Txn SWDD(Creating a new Workflow).
In the header of the Workflow, define the Business Object and Event you refer to for triggering the Wf.
Create the Steps required for your workflow(Activity).
Inside the Activity, Create the task and assign the Business Object and the related method for that business object.
Activate the Workflow.

In the ‘select’ statement what is “group by”?

Group by clause is used to fetch the data from the table by the specified field
ex.select count (*) from emptable group by deptno where deptno = 1.
It is used to find the number of employees present in the specified department no.

How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table?

WE CAN CREATE A STRUCTURE LIKE THE SAME STRUCTURE AS DATABASE TABLE AND WE CAN USE
SELECT* FROM DATABASE TABLE INTO TABLE ITAB
OR
INSERT INTO ITAB VALUES DATABASE TABLE

From Excel to ABAP - Is batch mode possible?

DATA w_file TYPE string.
* Convert the file path into string
w_file = p_input.

* Internal Table should have same field sequence as EXL File.

CLEAR t_upload.
REFRESH t_upload.

* Call function to upload the data into internal table
CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD'
EXPORTING
filename = w_file
filetype = 'ASC'
has_field_separator = 'X'
TABLES
data_tab = t_upload
EXCEPTIONS
file_open_error = 1
file_read_error = 2
no_batch = 3
gui_refuse_filetransfer = 4
invalid_type = 5
no_authority = 6
unknown_error = 7
bad_data_format = 8
header_not_allowed = 9
separator_not_allowed = 10
header_too_long = 11
unknown_dp_error = 12
access_denied = 13
dp_out_of_memory = 14
disk_full = 15
dp_timeout = 16
OTHERS = 17.
IF sy-subrc NE 0.
* MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
* WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. ELSE.
* Delete the first row of heading from the uploaded table
DELETE t_upload INDEX 1.
ENDIF. " IF sy-subrc EQ 0.

What is the difference between AT SELECTION-SCREEN and AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT?
AT SELECTION-SCREEN is the PAI of the selection screen whereas
AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT is the PBO of the selection screen.

What is the difference between SY-INDEX and SY-TABIX?
Remember it this way  TABIX = Table.
So when you are looping over an internal table, you use SY-TABIX.
When you use DO … ENDDO / WHILE for looping, there is no table involved.
So you use SY-INDEX.

For READ statement, SY-INDEX is used.

What is the difference between VIEW and a TABLE?A table physically stores data.
A view does not store any data on its own. It can contain data from multiple tables and it just accesses/reads data from those tables.

What is the difference between Customizing and Workbench request?

A workbench request is client independent whereas a Customizing request is client dependent.
Changes to development objects such as Reports, Function Modules, Data Dictionary objects etc. fall under Workbench requests.

Changes in SPRO / IMG that define system behavior fall under customizing requests.
An example would be ‘defining number ranges’ in SPRO.

In short, generally a developer would end up creating a Workbench request and a Functional Consultant would create a Customizing request.

What is the difference between PASS BY VALUE and PASS BY REFERENCE?

These concepts are generally used for Function modules or Subroutines etc. and their meaning can be taken literally.

Say we are passing a variable lv_var:
CALL FUNCTION 'DEMO_FM'
EXPORTING
VAR = lv_var.

When we PASS lv_var by VALUE , the actual value of lv_var is copied into VAR.
When we PASS lv_var by REFERENCE , the reference or the memory address of lv_var is passed to the Function module. So VAR and lv_var will refer to the same memory address and have the same value.

What is the difference between Master data and Transaction data?

Master data is data that doesn’t change often and is always needed in the same way by business.
Ex: One time activities like creating Company Codes, Materials, Vendors, Customers etc.

Transaction data keeps on changing and deals with day to day activities carried out in business.
Transactions done by or with Customers, Vendors, and Materials etc. generate Transaction Data. So data related to Sales, Purchases, Deliveries, Invoices etc. represent transaction data

Some important transactions here for Master Data:
Material: MM01 MM02 MM03
Vendor: XK01 , XK02 , XK03
Customer: Xd01 , XD02 , XD03

Some Important transactions for Transaction data:
Purchase Order: ME21n , ME22n , ME23n
Sales Order: VA01 , VA02 , VA03
Goods Receipt: MIGO
Invoices: MIRO

What will you use SELECT SINGLE or SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS ?
There is great confusion over this in the SAP arena.
If you Google, you will see lots of results that will say SELECT SINGLE is faster and efficient than SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS.
But that is 100% incorrect.

SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS is faster than SELECT SINGLE.
If for a WHERE condition, only one record is present in DB, then both are more or less same.
However, If for a WHERE condition multiple records are present in DB, SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS will perform better than SELECT SINGLE.

What is the difference between .Include Structure and .Append structure?

I have seen ridiculous answers for this at many places on the Web.
The true answer is this:

Let’s say you want to use the Structure X in your table Y.
With .Include X, you can include this structure in multiple tables.
With .Append X, you specify that structure X has been used in table Y and that this cannot be used in any other table now. So you restrict structure X only to Table Y.

Can you describe the events in ABAP?
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM:
INITIALIZATION: If you want to initialize some values before selection screen is called
AT SELECTION SCREEN OUTPUT: PBO for Selection Screen
AT SELECTION SCREEN: PAI for Selection Screen
START-OF-SELECTION
END-OF-SELECTION
TOP-OF-PAGE
END-OF-PAGE

AT USER-COMMAND: When user click on say buttons in application toolbar. SY-UCOMM
AT LINE SELECTION: Double click by user on basic list. SY-LISEL
AT PF##: When User Presses any of the Function Keys
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE SELECTION

What events do you know in Module Pool Programming?
PBO: you know this . If not you should know this . That's basic.
PAI: You know this. If not you should know this . That's basic.
POV: Process on Value request … i.e. when you press F4.
POH: Process on help request … i.e. when you press F1.

Can you show multiple ALVs on a Single Screen?
Yes, there are multiple ways of doing this:

· If you are using OOALV, you can create multiple custom containers
(cl_gui_custom_container) & put an ALV control (cl_gui_alv_grid) in each of those.

· You can even use a Splitter container control and place multiple ALVs in each of
the split container.

· If you are using Normal ALV, You can use the following FMS:

1. REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_INIT

2. REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_APPEND

3. REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_DISPLAY

A system has two clients 100 and 500 on the same application server. If you make changes to a SAPSCRIPT on client 100, will the changes be available in client 500?
No. SAPSCRIPT is client dependent. You will have to transport changes from client 100 to client 500. However, for SMARTFORMS, Changes will be made both for client 100 and client 500.

There are 1000’s of IDOCs in your system and say you no longer need some of them? How will you get rid of those IDOCs?
One way is to archive the IDOCs using transaction SARA.
But what the interviewer was expecting was ‘How do you change IDoc Status’?
There are different ways of doing this:

A) Use FM IDOC_STATUS_WRITE_TO_DATABASE

B) USE FMs:
EDI_DOCUMENT_OPEN_FOR_PROCESS and
EDI_DOCUMENT_CLOSE_PROCESS

21: What is the difference between CHAIN … ENDCHAIN and FIELD commands in Module Pool?

If you want to validate a single field in Module Pool, you use the FIELD Command.
On error, this single filed is kept open for input.

If you however want to validate multiple fields, you can use the CHAIN … ENDCHAIN command. You specify multiple fields between CHAIN and ENDCHAIN.
On error, all fields between CHAIN …… ENDCHAIN are kept open for input.

How is the table sorted when you do not specify field name and Ascending or Descending? On what criteria will the table be sorted? Do internal table have keys?

Yes, internal table have keys.
The default key is made up of the non-numeric fields of the table line in the order in which they occur.

Explain what is a foreign key relationship?Explain this with the help of an example.
Let’s discuss about tables EKKO (PO header) and EKPO (PO line item).
Can you have an entry in table EKPO without having an entry in table EKKO?
In other words can you have PO line items without the PO header?

How does this happen? The answer is foreign key relationship.
So foreign keys come into picture when you define relationship between two tables.

Foreign keys are defined at field level.
Check the foreign key relation for field EBELN of table EKPO.
The check table is EKKO. This just means that whenever an entry is made in EKPO, it is checked whether the entered value for EBELN already exists in EKKO. If not, entry cannot be made to EKPO table.

What is the difference between a value table and a check table?

Check table is maintained when you define foreign key relationships.
For Check table, read question above.
.
Value table is defined and maintained at a domain level.
At a domain level, you can mention allowed values in the form of:
1) Single values
2) Ranges
3) Value tableFor example, have a look at domain SHKZG. Only allowed values are S and H for Debit/Credit indicator. Whenever and wherever you use this domain, the system will force you to use only these two values: S and H.

Another example is domain MATNR. For this domain the value table is MARA.
So whenever and wherever, you use this domain the system will force you to use values for MATNR in table MARA.

How do you find BAPI?

Approach1:
You can go to Transaction BAPI and then search for your desired object.
Say you want to find a BAPI for creating users in the system, in such case you can search for the ‘User’ and find the relevant BAPIs.

Approach2:
Another way is to find a Business Object. Say you want to find a BAPI for creating Material in SAP and you know the BO for Material is BUS1001006. You can go to Transaction SWO1 and enter the BO BUS1001006 in the BOR. Then have a look at the methods for this BO.

How do you find BADI?
Approach1:
Go to Class CL_EXITHANDLER in SE24 ---> Put a breakpoint in method GET_INSTANCE.Now go and execute your transaction code for which you want to find BADI.
You will find the BADI in the changing parameter exit_name:

Approach 2:
Go to Tcode SE84  Enhancements BADIs  Definitions.
Find the package for the Tcode for which you are finding the BADI.
Enter it as shown and hit execute:

Synchronous and asynchronous methods in BDC ?
What is the difference between inner joins and outer joins?
What is the difference between INSTANCE methods and STATIC methods?
What is the difference between Implicit Enhancements and Explicit Enhancements?
What is the difference between Enhancement point and Enhancement Section?
How do you find Function Exit?
How do you activate a Function Exit?

1: What is the difference between User Exit and Function Exit?

User Exit	Customer Exit
User exit is implemented in the form of a Subroutine i.e. PERFORM xxx. Example: INCLUDE MVF5AFZZ à PERFORM userexit_save_document_prepare.	A customer exit can be implemented as: · Function exit · Screen Exit · Menu Exit · Field Exit Example: CALL Customer function ‘xxx’ INCLUDE xxx. You modify this include.
In case of a PERFORM, you have access to almost all the data. So you have better control, but more risk of making the system unstable.	You have access only to the importing, exporting, changing and tables parameter of the Function Module. So you have limited access to data.
User exit is considered a modification and not an enhancement.	A customer exit is considered an enhancement.
You need Access Key for User Exit.	You do not need access key.
Changes are lost in case of an upgrade.	Changes are upgrade compatible.
User exit is the earliest form of change option offered by SAP.	Customer exits came later and they overcome the shortcomings of User Exit.
No such thing is required here.	To activate a function exit, you need to create a project in SMOD and activate the project.

What is the difference between RFC and BAPI?

BAPI	RFC
Just as Google offers Image/Chart/Map APIs OR Facebook offers APIs for Comment/Like, SAP offers APIs in the form of BAPIs. BAPI is a library of function modules released by SAP to the public so that they can interface with SAP.	RFC is nothing but a remote enabled function module. So if there is a Function Module in SAP system 1 on server X , it can be called from a SAP system 2 residing on server Y.
There is a Business Object Associated with a BAPI. So a BAPI has an Interface, Key Field, Attributes, Methods, and Events.	No Business Object is associated with a RFC.
Outside world (JAVA, VB, .Net or any Non SAP system) can connect to SAP using a BAPI.	Non–SAP world cannot connect to SAP using RFC.
Error or Success messages are returned in a RETURN table.	RFC does not have a return table.

3:What is the difference between SAPSCRIPT and SMARTFORM?

SAPSCRIPT	SMARTFORM
SAPSCRIPT is client dependent.	SMARTFORM is client independent.
SAPSCRIPT does not generate any Function module.	SMARTFORM generates a Function Module when activated.
Main Window is must.	You can create a SMARTFORM without a Main Window.
SAPSCRIPT can be converted to SMARTFORMS. Use Program SF_MIGRATE.	SMARTFORMS cannot be converted to SCRIPT.
Only one Page format is possible	Multiple page formats are possible.
Such thing is not possible in SCRIPT.	You can create multiple copies of a SMARTFORM using the Copies Window.
PROTECT … ENDPROTECT command is used for Page protection.	The Protect Checkbox can be ticked for Page Protection.

The way SMARTFORM is developed and the way in which SCRIPT is developed is entirely different. Not listing down those here. That would be too much.

4:What is the difference between Call Transaction Method and the Session method ?

Session Method	Call Transaction
Session method id generally used when the data volume is huge.	Call transaction method is when the data volume is low
Session method is slow as compared to Call transaction.	Call Transaction method is relatively faster than Session method.
SAP Database is updated when you process the sessions. You need to process the sessions separately via SM35.	SAP Database is updated during the execution of the batch input program.
Errors are automatically handled during the processing of the batch input session.	Errors should be handled in the batch input program.

5: What is the difference between BDC and BAPI?

BAPI	BDC
BAPI is faster than BDC.	BDC is relatively slower than BAPI.
BAPI directly updates database.	BDC goes through all the screens as a normal user would do and hence it is slower.
No such processing options are available in BAPI.	Background and Foreground processing options are available for BDC.
BAPI would generally used for small data uploads.	BDCs would be preferred for large volumes of data upload since background processing option is available.
For processing errors, the Return Parameters for BAPI should be used.This parameter returns exception messages or success messages to the calling program.	Errors can be processed in SM35 for session method and in the batch input program for Call Transaction method.

6: What is the difference between macro and subroutine?

Macro	Subroutine
Macro can be called only in the program it is defined.	Subroutine can be called from other programs also.
Macro can have maximum 9 parameters.	Can have any number of parameters.
Macro can be called only after its definition.	This is not true for Subroutine.
A macro is defined inside: DEFINE … …. END-OF-DEFINITION.	Subroutine is defined inside: FORM ….. ….. ENDFORM.
Macro is used when same thing is to be done in a program a number of times.	Subroutine is used for modularization.

7: What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP memory?

SAP Memory	ABAP Memory
When you are using the SET/GET Parameter ID command, you are using the SAP Memory.	When you are using the EXPORT IMPORT Statements, you are using the ABAP Memory.
SAP Memory is User Specific. What does this mean?àThe data stored in SAP memory can be accesses via any session from a terminal.	ABAP Memory is User and Transaction Specific.What does this mean?à The data stored in ABAP memory can be accessed only in one session. If you are creating another session, you cannot use ABAP memory.

RJ's SAP Technical Blog

Monday, 5 January 2015

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