Different Select Statements in SAP ABAP

Step1: Using Select * in SAP ABAP Important 

Select * is a statement which is used to read whole data from a database table.The below is the example code for reading data from MARA table.

**Declare internal table

DATA: IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.

*use select * to read data

SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA.

The below example code is used to get data based on a condition with all fields (columns) from MARA table.

**Declare internal table

DATA: IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.

* read data

SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA WHERE MTART = ‘FERT’.

Step2: Using Select Single in SAP ABAP Normal 

Select Single is a statement which is used to read single data from a database table. The below is the example code for reading single record from MARA table.

Note: Whenever we use select single, we must pass key field in where condition.

**Declare internal table

DATA: WA_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.

*use select * to read data

SELECT SINGLE * FROM MARA INTO WA_MARA WHERE MATNR = '000001'. .

Step3: Using Select Max in SAP ABAP Important

By using this query we can get highest numeric value of a column in SAP Database tables.

 Syntax:  SELECT MAX () INTO () FROM .

Get Maximum value of a column using Select Max?

The below statement will get the maximum value of column LIFNR from LFA1 table. 

  DATA LV_MAX TYPE LIFNR.

  SELECT MAX (LIFNR)

  INTO (LV_MAX)

  FROM LIFNR.

  WRITE: / LV_MAX.

Step4: Using Select Min in SAP ABAP Important 

By using this query we can get minimum value of a column in SAP database table.

Syntax: SELECT MIN ()

  INTO ()

  FROM .

Get Minimum Value of a column in SAP ABAP

The below query will get the minimum value of LIFNR (Vendor Account No) from LFA1 table.

 DATA LV_MIN TYPE LIFNR.

  SELECT MIN (LIFNR)

  INTO (LV_MIN)

  FROM LFA1.

  WRITE: / LV_MIN.

Step5: Using Select UP TO in SAP ABAP Normal 

BY using Select up to query we will get the specific no of records from a data base table, it will get records from starting (beginning).

Syntax: select * FROM INTO TABLE UP TO rows.

Get specific number of rows (records) from a database table in SAP ABAP.

Data: it_mara type TABLE OF Mara.
**Get 50 rows form starting
select * FROM mara INTO TABLE it_mara UP TO 50 rows.

Step6: Using Select Distinct in SAP ABAP Normal 

Select Distinct is used to get distinct (unique) values of a particular column in SAP ABAP.

Syntax: SELECT DISTINCT FROM INTO TABLE .

The below example is used to get distinct material type values from MARA table.

REPORT ZSAPN_SELECT_DISTINCT.
TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_MARA,
  MTART TYPE MARA-MTART,
  END OF TY_MARA.
DATA: IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF TY_MARA.
DATA: WA_MARA TYPE TY_MARA.

SELECT DISTINCT MTART FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA.

LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.
  WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MTART.
ENDLOOP.

Step7: Using Select Order by in SAP ABAP Important 

SELECT ORDERBY is used to fetch data from database table with sorted result set, by default the result will be sorted in ascending order, to sort in descending order you have to specify

Syntax: SELECT * FROM INTO TABLE ORDER BY ASCENDING/DESCENDING.

The below is the example program of using orderby with select in SAP ABAP.

*example1 Sort in ASCENDING ORDER

REPORT ZSAPN_SORT_ASCENDING.

DATA: IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.

DATA: WA_MARA TYPE MARA.

SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA ORDER BY MATNR ASCENDING.

LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.

WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MATNR.ENDLOOP.

*example2 Sort in DESCENDING ORDER

REPORT ZSAPN_SORT_ASCENDING .

DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.

DATA : WA_MARA TYPE MARA.

SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA ORDER BY MATNR DESCENDING.

LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA. 

WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MATNR.

ENDLOOP.

The above statement is educational purpose only, in your real-time projects don`t use SELECT ORDERBY, it decreases performance of a program, instead use SORT after fetching data.SORT ASCENDING/DESCENDING.

Step8: Using Wildcards in Selects Normal 

SQL Wildcards are used to search for data in a database table, below are the examples of using wildcards in SAP ABAP.

The below example will get all records from MARA where MATNR contains 11.

REPORT ZSAPN_WILDCARDS.

DATA: IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.

DATA: WA_MARA TYPE MARA.

SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA WHERE matnr LIKE '%11%'.

LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.

 WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MATNR.

ENDLOOP.

The below example will get all records from MARA where MATNR ends with 11.

REPORT ZSAPN_WILDCARDS.

DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.

DATA : WA_MARA TYPE MARA.

SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA WHERE matnr LIKE '%11'.

LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.

 WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MATNR.

ENDLOOP.

The below example will get all records from MARA where MATNR starts 11.

REPORT ZSAPN_WILDCARDS.

DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.

DATA : WA_MARA TYPE MARA.

SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA WHERE matnr LIKE '11%'.

LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.

 WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MATNR.

ENDLOOP.

SELECT WITH JOINS statement is used to read data simultaneously from multiple database tables.

As per performance standards, SELECT WITH JOINS for more than 3 tables is not advisable, as it puts heavy load on database

Syntax:

 SELECT T1~FIELD1

        T1~FIELD2

        T2~FIELD1

        T2~FIELD2

        INTO TABLE 

 FROM T1 INNER JOIN T2 ON (T1~FIELD1 = T2~FIELD)

 WHERE T1~FIELD = .

** Here T1 and T2 are database tables, FIELD1 and FIELD2 are fields in respective tables

Select into corresponding fields

Select into corresponding is used to get data from a data base table into a user defined internal table or work area without specifying the list of fields.

Syntax: SELECT * FROM

        INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE .

As per SAP standards select into corresponding statement is not advisable as it effects the performance of an application because it has to compare each field with database.

Example using select into corresponding

The below example explains how to use select into corresponding statement to get data into a database table with out specifying list of fields in select statement.

REPORT ZSAPN_SELECT_CORRESPONDING.

TYPES : BEGIN OF TY_MARA,

 "USER DEFINED TYPE WITH FOUR FIELDS

        MATNR TYPE MARA-MATNR,

        MTART TYPE MARA-MTART,

        MBRSH TYPE MARA-MBRSH,

        MEINS TYPE MARA-MEINS,

        END OF TY_MARA.

DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF TY_MARA .

DATA : WA_MARA TYPE TY_MARA .

SELECT * FROM MARA

       INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE IT_MARA

       UP TO 50 ROWS.
LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.

WRITE :/ WA_MARA-MATNR, WA_MARA-MTART, WA_MARA-MBRSH, WA_MARA-MEINS.  "DISPLAY OUT PUT
ENDLOOP.